The agricultural sector is often considered to be the largest water consumer and the policy aimed at saving irrigation water exists across Europe. The flip-side of such policy, however, is the disappearance of traditi...The agricultural sector is often considered to be the largest water consumer and the policy aimed at saving irrigation water exists across Europe. The flip-side of such policy, however, is the disappearance of traditional irrigation canals since farmers are encouraged to turn to drip irrigation and overhead irrigation gradually. Given this, we would like to argue that traditional irrigation canals need to be reexamined. Such canals are not only built aquatic infrastructure, they are also the product of a culture and social relationship with water in the Mediterranean region. Canals form a complex system which is driven by environmental, economic and social factors. Our sociological and environmental research in Provence （and around the Durance basin more specifically） points up how the very dense territorial network of gravity-fed canals is useful in water management, as well as in other shared uses over the long-term. The findings underscore the positive environmental role played by these historical and anthropogenic constructions. They contribute to refilling the aquifer and also act as a valuable environmental good and service （e.g., run-off regulation, biodiversity, landscape, recreation, etc.）. Further, several local actors have underscored their role as part of an intangible cultural heritage and as important for the area＇s economic and social development. Such canals play a central role in sustainable development since beyond their productive role in agriculture, they play a social role （new uses） and an ecological role （as reservoirs for biodiversity and ecological corridors）.展开更多
Jingdezhen is a bright star to make ceramic products among all cities of the world. The actual inheritance of the famille rose decoration and color enamel craftsmanship as China＇s ＂intangible cultural heritage＂ is ...Jingdezhen is a bright star to make ceramic products among all cities of the world. The actual inheritance of the famille rose decoration and color enamel craftsmanship as China＇s ＂intangible cultural heritage＂ is restricted not only by historical change and geographical conditions and also by how to inherit the craftsmanship. In this paper, through the literature studies, sociology investigation, market research, and comparative analysis of the traditional pastel industry in Jingdezhen, the making flows of famille rose decoration and color enamel are introduced plus the author＇s understanding of famille rose decoration and color enamel, and also the understanding and inheritance of Jingdezhen traditional famille rose decoration and color enamel craftsmanship as ＂intangible cultural heritage＂ are discussed. Therefore, theoretical basis and practice guidance are provided for famille rose decoration and color enamel craftsmanship to develop toward the cultural industry, and also a reference in theory and practice is available for the inheritance and development of the handmade ceramic products as ＂intangible cultural heritage＂.展开更多
文摘The agricultural sector is often considered to be the largest water consumer and the policy aimed at saving irrigation water exists across Europe. The flip-side of such policy, however, is the disappearance of traditional irrigation canals since farmers are encouraged to turn to drip irrigation and overhead irrigation gradually. Given this, we would like to argue that traditional irrigation canals need to be reexamined. Such canals are not only built aquatic infrastructure, they are also the product of a culture and social relationship with water in the Mediterranean region. Canals form a complex system which is driven by environmental, economic and social factors. Our sociological and environmental research in Provence （and around the Durance basin more specifically） points up how the very dense territorial network of gravity-fed canals is useful in water management, as well as in other shared uses over the long-term. The findings underscore the positive environmental role played by these historical and anthropogenic constructions. They contribute to refilling the aquifer and also act as a valuable environmental good and service （e.g., run-off regulation, biodiversity, landscape, recreation, etc.）. Further, several local actors have underscored their role as part of an intangible cultural heritage and as important for the area＇s economic and social development. Such canals play a central role in sustainable development since beyond their productive role in agriculture, they play a social role （new uses） and an ecological role （as reservoirs for biodiversity and ecological corridors）.
文摘Jingdezhen is a bright star to make ceramic products among all cities of the world. The actual inheritance of the famille rose decoration and color enamel craftsmanship as China＇s ＂intangible cultural heritage＂ is restricted not only by historical change and geographical conditions and also by how to inherit the craftsmanship. In this paper, through the literature studies, sociology investigation, market research, and comparative analysis of the traditional pastel industry in Jingdezhen, the making flows of famille rose decoration and color enamel are introduced plus the author＇s understanding of famille rose decoration and color enamel, and also the understanding and inheritance of Jingdezhen traditional famille rose decoration and color enamel craftsmanship as ＂intangible cultural heritage＂ are discussed. Therefore, theoretical basis and practice guidance are provided for famille rose decoration and color enamel craftsmanship to develop toward the cultural industry, and also a reference in theory and practice is available for the inheritance and development of the handmade ceramic products as ＂intangible cultural heritage＂.
