纳米材料改善硝酸熔盐传蓄热性能的研究进展

聚光式太阳能热发电是解决能源和环境矛盾的理想途径,传热蓄热技术是光热发电的重要环节,在此需要解决的关键问题是传热蓄热介质。熔盐作为储蓄热介质具有明显优势。国内外运行的光热电站中大多使用二元硝酸熔盐(Solar salt)与三元硝酸熔盐(Hitec),但二者传蓄热性能均欠佳,影响了太阳能的利用效率。纳米材料的独特空间结构,使其具有优异的导热性能、良好的稳定性等,将其作为添加剂引入到硝酸熔盐体系中,有望改善材料的传热蓄热等热物性能,进而提高太阳能光热利用的效率,降低发电成本。本文综述了纳米金属粒子、纳米金属氧化物、纳米碳材料和其他无机纳米材料作为添加剂掺杂到硝酸熔盐体系中的相关研究,论述了改性后熔盐热物性的变化并探讨了作用机理,以期为制备优异热性能的储能熔盐提供参考。未来的研究可重点关注热物性测试、传热机理、构效关系和工业化中试,将具有优异的传蓄热性能的硝酸熔盐应用在太阳能光热发电领域,在清洁能源开发利用方面发挥更重要的作用。

Hitec熔盐传蓄热过程中NO_x瞬态排放监测

利用带有定电位电解式气体传感器的综合烟气分析仪,分别对与不锈钢304、310及316L接触的Hitec熔盐在200~600℃的NO、NO2及NO_x瞬态排放量进行监测,探讨了不锈钢对Hitec熔盐NO_x瞬态排放量的影响。结果表明:Hitec熔盐在300~600℃的NO_x瞬态排放量随熔盐温度的升高经历了初始阶段、上升阶段和加速阶段3个阶段,当温度大于553℃时熔盐因NO_x瞬态排放量急剧增加而热稳定性失效;不锈钢对Hitec熔盐NO_x瞬态排放催化效果由大到小顺序为310、304、316L,不锈钢310具有更高的含铬量更容易被腐蚀反应生成NO_x,不锈钢316L因具有良好的抗蚀性对Hitec熔盐NO_x催化作用趋近惰性,可以作为Hitec熔盐在传蓄热过程中的高温罐体材质使用。

混合硝酸盐热物性对比分析

熔融盐作为传蓄热介质已经广泛应用于太阳能光热发电中,硝酸盐以其熔点低、成本和腐蚀性小等优点成功应用于商业电站。采用差示扫描量热法、热重法、DIN法、激光闪射法、阿基米德原理和旋转法对Solar salt(60%NaNO3+40%KNO3)、Hitec(7%NaNO3+53%KNO3+40%NaNO2)、Hitec XL[7%NaNO3+45%KNO3+48%Ca(NO3)2]以及本课题组自主研制的四元混合硝酸盐[16.67%Ca(NO3)2 4H2O+44.17%KNO3+5.83%NaNO3+33.33%NaNO2]的熔点、分解温度、比热容、热导率、密度及黏度进行测量和对比研究,分析4种混合硝酸盐热物性优缺点,为工程应用提供基础性数据。结果显示,在四种混合硝酸盐中,四元盐熔点最低、分解温度最高、平均比热容和热导率均高于其他三种混合硝酸盐,Hitec XL密度最大,Solar salt黏度最低。

Heat transfer and parametric studies of an encapsulated phase change material based cool thermal energy storage system

This work investigates the transient behaviour of a phase change material based cool thermal energy storage (CTES) system comprised of a cylindrical storage tank filled with encapsulated phase change materials (PCMs) in spherical container integrated with an ethylene glycol chiller plant. A simulation program was developed to evaluate the temperature histories of the heat transfer fluid (HTF) and the phase change material at any axial location during the charging period. The results of the model were validated by comparison with experimental results of temperature profiles of HTF and PCM. The model was also used to investigate the effect of porosity, Stanton number, Stefan number and Peclet number on CTES system performance. The results showed that increase in porosity contributes to a higher rate of energy storage. However, for a given geometry and heat transfer coefficient, the mass of PCM charged in the unit decreases as the increase in porosity. The St number as well as the Ste number is also influential in the performance of the unit. The model is a convenient and more suitable method to determine the heat transfer characteristics of CTES system. The results reported are much useful for designing CTES system.