Malaysian Agriculture Research and Development Institute （MARDI） is the country＇s major custodian of the nation＇s crops genetic resources. It has a global responsibility in the conservation of genetic resources of...Malaysian Agriculture Research and Development Institute （MARDI） is the country＇s major custodian of the nation＇s crops genetic resources. It has a global responsibility in the conservation of genetic resources of banana, sweet potato and citrus, and national responsibility for the conservation of crops, such as rice, tropical fruits and some herbs and medicinal plant species. MARDI rice seed genebank at Seberang Prai in the state of Penang was established in 1984 and currently holds 12,770 registered rice accessions, of which 53% are of local origin. In addition, MARDI also conserves genes in the field, mostly for underutilized tropical fruit genetic resources. At present, about 168 species of underutilized, rare and wild tropical fruit species consisting of about 2,000 accessions, the largest in the country, are being conserved. The species include ＂kuini＂ （Mangifera odorata）, ＂bacang＂ （Mangifera foetida）, ＂binjai＂ （Mangifera caesia）, ＂cerapu＂ （ Garcinia praniana）, ＂rambai＂ （Baccaurea motleyana）, ＂asam gelugor＂ （ Garcinia atroviridis）, ＂terap＂ （drthocarpus odoratissimus） and ＂pulasan＂ （Nephellium rambutan-ake）. The accessions are mostly conserved ex situ in field genebanks located at the various MARDI stations throughout the country. Although the conservation of the various crop species genetic resources is important, the real challenge is enhancing its utilisation. The main objective of the paper was to share and disseminate information related to works conducted and strategies opted by MARDI on the conservation and utilization of crop genetic resources. Information on species of crops that are available in MARDI＇s genebank was also highlighted together with brief information of some of the associated traits of significant importance posses by those genetic resources.展开更多
To explore the role of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) in the signal pathway of protein kinase C (PKC) regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of T lymphocytes in asthma. T lymphocytes were isolated from the asthmatic m...To explore the role of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) in the signal pathway of protein kinase C (PKC) regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of T lymphocytes in asthma. T lymphocytes were isolated from the asthmatic model of guinea pigs and the asthmatic patients. Either the T cells stimulated with PMA alone or those stimulated with PMA together with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) were incubated for 1 and 24?h. The proliferation of and the presence of NF-κB in the cells incubated for 1?h were observed by MTT and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. And the cells incubated for 24?h were observed for the apoptosis by TUNEL. All the assays were paralleled with controls, and all the data were analyzedstatistically with the software SAS. The percentage of cells of nuclear positive staining of NF-κB and the proliferation of T lymphocytes from asthmatic guinea pigs and asthmatic patients stimulated with PMA were significantly higher than those of T lymphocytes from asthmatic guinea pigs and asthmatic patients stimulated without PMA respectively (P<0.01) and those of T lymphocytes from normal control guinea pigs and normal control persons stimulated with PMA respectively (P<0.01), and were significantly reduced by PDTC (P<0.01). The apoptosis index of T lymphocytes from asthmatic guinea pigs and asthmatic patients stimulated with PMA were significantly lower than those of T lymphocytes from asthmatic guinea pigs and asthmatic patients stimulated without PMA respectively (P<0.01) and those of T lymphocytes from normal control guinea pigs and normal control persons stimulated with PMA respectively (P<0.01), and were significantly induced by PDTC (P<0.01). There were good positive correlation between the percentage of cells of nuclear staining of NF-κB of T lymphocytes and the proliferation of T lymphocytes (r=0.51-0.72, P<0.001), and also good negative correlation between the percentage of cells of nuclear staining of NF-κB and the apoptosis index of T lymphocytes (r=-0.55-0.71, P<0.001, respectively). It concludes that the active PKC of asthmatic T lymphocytes promoting the proliferation and inhibiting the apoptosis of T lymphocytes may be mediated by activating NF-κB, the activation of PKC-NF-κB signal pathway of T lymphocytes NF-κB may play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma.展开更多
文摘Malaysian Agriculture Research and Development Institute （MARDI） is the country＇s major custodian of the nation＇s crops genetic resources. It has a global responsibility in the conservation of genetic resources of banana, sweet potato and citrus, and national responsibility for the conservation of crops, such as rice, tropical fruits and some herbs and medicinal plant species. MARDI rice seed genebank at Seberang Prai in the state of Penang was established in 1984 and currently holds 12,770 registered rice accessions, of which 53% are of local origin. In addition, MARDI also conserves genes in the field, mostly for underutilized tropical fruit genetic resources. At present, about 168 species of underutilized, rare and wild tropical fruit species consisting of about 2,000 accessions, the largest in the country, are being conserved. The species include ＂kuini＂ （Mangifera odorata）, ＂bacang＂ （Mangifera foetida）, ＂binjai＂ （Mangifera caesia）, ＂cerapu＂ （ Garcinia praniana）, ＂rambai＂ （Baccaurea motleyana）, ＂asam gelugor＂ （ Garcinia atroviridis）, ＂terap＂ （drthocarpus odoratissimus） and ＂pulasan＂ （Nephellium rambutan-ake）. The accessions are mostly conserved ex situ in field genebanks located at the various MARDI stations throughout the country. Although the conservation of the various crop species genetic resources is important, the real challenge is enhancing its utilisation. The main objective of the paper was to share and disseminate information related to works conducted and strategies opted by MARDI on the conservation and utilization of crop genetic resources. Information on species of crops that are available in MARDI＇s genebank was also highlighted together with brief information of some of the associated traits of significant importance posses by those genetic resources.
文摘To explore the role of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) in the signal pathway of protein kinase C (PKC) regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of T lymphocytes in asthma. T lymphocytes were isolated from the asthmatic model of guinea pigs and the asthmatic patients. Either the T cells stimulated with PMA alone or those stimulated with PMA together with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) were incubated for 1 and 24?h. The proliferation of and the presence of NF-κB in the cells incubated for 1?h were observed by MTT and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. And the cells incubated for 24?h were observed for the apoptosis by TUNEL. All the assays were paralleled with controls, and all the data were analyzedstatistically with the software SAS. The percentage of cells of nuclear positive staining of NF-κB and the proliferation of T lymphocytes from asthmatic guinea pigs and asthmatic patients stimulated with PMA were significantly higher than those of T lymphocytes from asthmatic guinea pigs and asthmatic patients stimulated without PMA respectively (P<0.01) and those of T lymphocytes from normal control guinea pigs and normal control persons stimulated with PMA respectively (P<0.01), and were significantly reduced by PDTC (P<0.01). The apoptosis index of T lymphocytes from asthmatic guinea pigs and asthmatic patients stimulated with PMA were significantly lower than those of T lymphocytes from asthmatic guinea pigs and asthmatic patients stimulated without PMA respectively (P<0.01) and those of T lymphocytes from normal control guinea pigs and normal control persons stimulated with PMA respectively (P<0.01), and were significantly induced by PDTC (P<0.01). There were good positive correlation between the percentage of cells of nuclear staining of NF-κB of T lymphocytes and the proliferation of T lymphocytes (r=0.51-0.72, P<0.001), and also good negative correlation between the percentage of cells of nuclear staining of NF-κB and the apoptosis index of T lymphocytes (r=-0.55-0.71, P<0.001, respectively). It concludes that the active PKC of asthmatic T lymphocytes promoting the proliferation and inhibiting the apoptosis of T lymphocytes may be mediated by activating NF-κB, the activation of PKC-NF-κB signal pathway of T lymphocytes NF-κB may play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma.
