金属填料表面处理对润湿及传质性能的影响

塔填料是填料塔中气液接触的基本构件,表面润湿性能是填料的重要应用性能。填料可采用陶瓷、金属和塑料等不同材质,就表面润湿性能而言,以陶瓷制最好,塑料制最差。 对塑料填料表面进行处理的研究表明,填料经表面处理后,可使润湿性能得到较大的提高,但尚未见有关金属填料表面处理和其润湿性能的研究报道。本文用物理方法和化学方法处理金属填料表面,测定研究了其润湿及传质性能。

离子膜的传质特性参数对电渗析性能的影响

一、序电渗析可应用于脱盐、浓缩、分离过程,离子在电场力作用下通过膜,除电迁移还有其他一些传质过程,见图1。

喷射式气-液反应器传质特性的研究

为改善鼓泡塔的传质性能,气体和液体以喷射形式进料,这是喷射式气-液反应器的显著特征。本文对这种反应器的传质特性进行了实验测定和计算,着重考察了喷射对全塔传质效果的影响。研究结果表明,反应器内明显地存在着两个不同的区域,即喷射区和主体区。而且,喷射区的传质作用十分强烈,其传质系数K_Lα比一般鼓泡塔或搅拌釜高出1～2个数量级。

弓形浸渍管RH混合传质均匀性的数值模拟

为了提高RH系统真空精炼的效率,采用了一种新型弓形浸渍管RH装置.通过欧拉-欧拉方法对弓形浸渍管RH装置进行了数值模拟,计算了循环流量、均混时间、真空室液面流速分布、真空室内传质均匀性、真空室内RTD和钢包内RTD,并与传统RH进行对比.结果表明,在实际生产条件下,弓形管RH的循环流量比传统RH增加了91%~99%,均混时间比传统RH减少了25%~55%.弓形管RH真空室内传质比传统RH更均匀.弓形管RH真空室内活塞流体积分数为93.1%,比传统RH增加了13.7%;弓形管RH钢包内死区体积分数为21.03%,比传统RH减小了26%左右.综合考虑,弓形浸渍管RH可显著提高精炼效率及传质均匀性,具有重要的应用前景.

倒锥型真空填料精馏塔的性能

在倒锥型塔中,采用两种小型散装高效填料和三种回流比,在5～50 mmHg的塔压范围内,就塔压、空塔汽速、回流比、填料类型和塔的结构等诸要素对真空填料精馏塔的传质性能和流体力学性能的影响进行了研究,并与文献报导的直塔和四段塔进行了比较。实验结果表明,锥型塔在传质和流体力学性能两方面,都较为优越。作者还推导了一个能较好地描述锥型塔传质特性的数学模型。

泥浆相电芬顿修复芘污染土壤及其特性分析

应用泥浆相电芬顿修复芘污染土壤,对关键参数进行优化,并对泥浆相电芬顿反应特性进行分析.研究了泥浆相电芬顿的曝气量、pH值、电压梯度对羟基自由基生成和芘降解的影响,并通过对土壤缓冲能力、芬顿试剂的原位产生、土壤有机质、土壤水分分配系数、表面张力和不同土壤粒径分布等参数的测定分析,阐述泥浆相电芬顿反应特性.结果表明,在最佳反应条件下(曝气量为500mL/min,初始浆液pH值为3.0,电压梯度为2V/cm),芘降解率为81.83%,羟基自由基浓度为36.65μmol/L.土壤较强的缓冲能力,使得反应后期通过调整pH值的方式提高反应效率不可行,而应增加H_(2)O_(2)浓度.在S-EF处理过程中土壤有机质总量降低,胡敏酸和富里酸的含量也降低,对芘的吸附能力降低.同时,从泥浆的表面张力以及芘在泥浆中固液分配系数的变化可知,泥浆相电芬顿促使芘从吸附态到解吸态转移,芘降解率显著提高.因此,泥浆相电芬顿技术是一种有效的有机污染土壤修复技术.

Comparative Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)Genotypes with Various Levels of Resistance to Bacterial Wilt Through SSR and AFLP Analyses

Bacterial wilt （BW） caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is an important constraint to peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.） production in several Asian and African countries, and planting BW-resistant cultivars is the most feasible method for controlling the disease. Although several BW-resistant peanut germplasm accessions have been identified, the genetic diversity among these has not been properly investigated, which has impeded efficient utilization. In this study, the genetic relationships of 31 peanut genotypes with various levels of resistance to BW were assessed based on SSR and AFLP analyses. Twenty-nine of 78 SSR primers and 32 of 126 AFLP primer combinations employed in this study were polymorphic amongst the peanut genotypes tested. The SSR primers amplified 91 polymorphic loci in total with an average of 3.14 alleles per primer, and the AFLP primers amplified 72 polymorphic loci in total with an average of 2.25 alleles per primer. Four SSR primers （14H06, 7G02, 3A8, 16C6） and one AFLP primer （P1M62） were found to be most efficient in detecting diversity. The genetic distance between pairs of genotypes ranged from 0.12 to 0.94 with an average of 0.53 in the SSR data and from 0.06 to 0.57 with an average of 0.25 in the AFLP data. The SSR-based estimates of the genetic distance were generally larger than that based on the AFLP data. The genotypes belonging to subsp, fastigiata possessed wider diversity than that of subsp, hypogaea. The clustering of genotypes based on the SSR and AFLP data were similar but the SSR clustering was more consistent with morphological classification ofA. hypogaea. Optimum diverse genotypes of both subsp, hypogaea and subsp.fastigiata can be recommended based on this analysis for developing mapping populations and breeding for high yielding and resistant cultivars.

Study on Present Status of Plant Germplasm Resources Conservation and Countermeasures

Plant germplasm resources is the material foundation and key point for agricultural production, crop breeding and bioengineering. China is one of the centers for the origin of the cultivated plants worldwide, as well as one of the countries with most abundant plant resources and the highest biodiversity. Strengthening research in the conservation and utilization of plant germplasm resources is of significant value and importance. In this study, the present status of conservation, utilization, and existing problems of plant germplasm resources in China and around the world were reviewed; further, through analyzing measures taken by global countries for plant germplasm resources protection, countermeasures for plant germplasm resources conservation in China were also presented from three aspects, namely, collection and conservation, information network construction and national legislation and policies.

Genetic Diversity Analysis and Constructing Core Collection Based on Phenotypes in Cotton

In that DNA diversity detected nowadays could not mean phenotypic diversity,it is the precondition of breeding project and basic research of crop improvement that genetic diversity analysis and sampling of core collection by phenotypes.Phenotyping and statistic analysis on 9 traits of 92 accessions of cotton germplasm resource from three species（Gossypium hirsutum L.,Gossypium barbadence L.and Gossypium arboreum L.）were conducted.And the statistics（variation coefficient,proportion of special accessions and Shannon-Weaver information index）indicated that initial collection had abundant phenotypic diversity;software NTSYS-pc and the unweighted pair group method of arithmetic（UPGMA）were used for the cluster analysis on genetic similarity coefficient and genetic distance matrix,and the result showed that the genetic relationship among accessions was highly consistent with the pedigree;22 accessions of core collection were selected by software QGAStation,four statistics,such as variance difference percentage（VD%）,mean difference percentage（MD%）,coincidence rate（CR%）and variable rate（VR%）,showed that the genetic diversity of core collection was approximately equal to the initial collection.The results of genetic diversity analysis based on phenotypic data and sampling of core collection would provide reference for breeding projects and basic research.

ISSR Analysis on Genetic Diversity of New Oil Palm Germplasm

[Objective]The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of new oil palm germplasm from DNA molecular level and provides a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of new oil palm germplasm. [Method]The genetic diversity of 22 new oil palm germplasm from Hainan and Yunnan were analyzed by ISSR technique. [Result]A total number of 201 bands were amplified with 23 ISSR primers,and polymorphic bands accounted for 41.8%. 22 oil palm varieties were divided into two groups by cluster analysis：Group I included new varieties of R1-R12 from Hainan and V20 from Yunnan,while group II included new varieties of V13-V22 from Yunnan,except V20. [Conclusion]New breeding oil palm germplasm from Hainan and Yunnan may come from different countries or regions.

Some properties of monotone set functions defined by Choquet integral

In this paper, some properties of the monotone set function defined by theChoquet integral are discussed. It is shown that several important structural characteristics of theoriginal set function, such as weak null-additivity, strong order continuity, property (s) andpseudomelric generating property, etc., are preserved by the new set function. It is also shown thatC-integrability assumption is inevitable for the preservations of strong order continuous andpseudometric generating property.

AFLP Fingerprinting Analysis of Elite Hevea brasiliensis Germplasm

There are more than 6 000 clones of Hema brasiliensis Mull. Ary germplasm in the germplasm garden of Chinese National Key Biotechnology Laboratory for Tropical Crops and some of them are elite germplasm demonstrated by production and previous studies. AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) fingerprinting analysis was performed on 25 clones (15 of Wickham clones and 10 of Amazon wild clones which possess phenotypes with high-yielding,/Iow-yielding, cold-tolerance/cold-sensitivity, oidium-resistance/oidium-sensitivity, tapping panel dryness (TPD) /healthy) respectively through a 377 DNA sequencer (P. E. Corp.) and PAGE electrophoresis results were analyzed by using GeneScan(TM) and Genotype(TM) Analysis software (P. E. Corp. The fragment profiles of different clones were obtained. Five hundred and eighteen fragments were generated by two primer combinations screened from 64 primer combinations and 511 fragments appeared to be polymorphic (98.6%). Genetic distance ranged from 0.25 to 0.81 between clones and ranged from 0.07 to 0.17 within RRIM600 clone. A specific 320 bp fragment of the oidium-resistant clones was found through genotype analysis. These results showed that AFLP fingerprints were highly reproducible and powerful and can be widely used in germplasm identification and genetic diversity analysis of Hema brasiliensis. In addition, based on the AFLP data, cluster analysis was performed. Cluster results showed that all the clones studied were almost clustered into a group one by one.

Collection and Preservation of Cashew Germplasms Resources Research Progress in China

The cashew tree is a typical tropical nut tree species in China, and the collection, identification and innovated utilization of excellent cashew germplasm resources are of great significance to increase the income of farmers and agricultural benefits in the tropical area of China. This study summarized the major advances on cashew germplasm resources in China, analyzed the major research progress and existing problems from the aspects of the collection and evaluation, resistances, genetic diversity of cashew germplasm resources, and put forward the work ideas to analyze the construction of core germplasm bank and the genetic stability of the major biological characteristics of cashew germplasm resources, which were of important significance for the improvement of the cultivar classification and resource evaluation system of cashew germplasm resources in China.

EST-SSR Marker-based Genetic Diversity Analysis of Rhododendron simsii Germplasm in Guifeng Mountain

Rhododendron simsii（Ericaeae：Rhododendron） has high ornamental value and ecological value.In this study,7 pairs of novel EST-SSR markers were developed from the genomic sequence of R.simsii,and they were used to investigate the genetic diversity of 32 natural R.simsii samples from Guifeng Mountain,Hubei Province.Results showed that a total of 31 polymorphic bands were amplified with allele number per locus of 4.43.Mean values of heterozygosity（Ho） and expected heterozygosity（He） were 0.679 58 and 0.723 14,respectively.This research will not only enrich the existing SSR database,but also lay a foundation for subsequent studies about molecular marker-assisted breeding,genetic diversity analysis,genetic structure analysis and phylogenetic analysis.

ISSR Analysis of Genetic Relationship of Germplasm Resource in Prunus mume Sibe. et Zucc

Using ISSR technique to analyze the diversity and genetic relationship of germplasm resources in 39 Prunus mume Sibe. et Zucc., the result showed that 10 primers were screened with high resolution from 51 primers, 120 fragments were amplified, of which 98 were polymorphic loci, accounting for 81.67% of total. Tested materials were divided into 3 classes, as was fundamentally accorded with the traditional classification base on horticulture. There was no obvious difference in geographic relationship among the clustering results.

Simultaneous Identification of Thermophysical Properties of Semitransparent Media Using a Hybrid Model Based on Artificial Neural Network and Evolutionary Algorithm

A hybrid identification model based on multilayer artificial neural networks(ANNs) and particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm is developed to improve the simultaneous identification efficiency of thermal conductivity and effective absorption coefficient of semitransparent materials.For the direct model,the spherical harmonic method and the finite volume method are used to solve the coupled conduction-radiation heat transfer problem in an absorbing,emitting,and non-scattering 2D axisymmetric gray medium in the background of laser flash method.For the identification part,firstly,the temperature field and the incident radiation field in different positions are chosen as observables.Then,a traditional identification model based on PSO algorithm is established.Finally,multilayer ANNs are built to fit and replace the direct model in the traditional identification model to speed up the identification process.The results show that compared with the traditional identification model,the time cost of the hybrid identification model is reduced by about 1 000 times.Besides,the hybrid identification model remains a high level of accuracy even with measurement errors.

Genetic Diversity of Achnatherum Splendens

[Objective] Study on the genetic diversities of A.splendens from different areas of xinjiang. [Method] The genetic diversities among seven populations and within two populations were analyzed by RAPD. [Result] Genetic clustering results presented that the relationships among populations of A. splendens are directly related with geographic positions, and within population are related with habitats. [Conclusion] RAPD technique can be used to study genetic diversity of A. splendens.

Genetic Diversity Analysis of 44 Shares of Hibiscus cannabinus L. Germplasm Resources Using ISSR Molecular Marker

[Objective] This study was to reveal the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of the kenaf(Hibiscus cannabinus L.) resources from different origins, thus providing basis for genetic improvement and molecular marker-assisted breeding of kenaf. [Method] Ninety one ISSR molecular markers were used for amplification on 44 shares of kenaf germplasm resources, of which 21 showing good diversity and clear bands were chosen for PCR amplification. Based on amplification results, the genetic similarity coefficients among kenaf germplasm resources were calculated by using analytic software NTSYSpc-2.10e, and phylogenetic tree was then established via UPGMA. [Result] Totally 169 bands were amplified using the 21 screened primers, averagely 8.05 bands were amplified from each primer. Of them, 141 bands were polymorphic, accounting for 83.4%. When genetic similarity coefficient 0.887 was used as criterion L1, these 44 shares of kenaf germplasm could be classified to be 32 shares of cultivars and 12 shares of wild type or half-wild type varieties. When genetic similarity coefficient 0.897 was used as criterion L2, these 32 shares of cultivars could be further grouped into four sub-clusters. The genetic diversities between cultivars and wild type or half-wild type varieties were between 0.46-0.91, showing huge hereditary difference; while that among 32 cultivars were between 0.85-0.97, suggesting that genetic relationships among cultivars are relatively close and their genetic similarities are rather narrow. [Conclusion] ISSR could well determine the genetic similarities among kenaf germplasm resources and provide valuable molecular information for selecting parents of hybrid cross, which can lay a good foundation for DNA mapping of kenaf germplasm resources.

The Application of RAPD Markers in Diversity Detection and Variety Identification of Porphyra

RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) markers were generated from filaments of 15 Porphyra lines representing four important groups, P. yezoensis, P. haitanensis, P. katadai var. hemiphylla and P. oligospermatangia . Among the total 69 fragments generated by 6 selected primers (among 50 primers), 67 appeared to be polymorphic (97.1%). Cluster analysis based on the RAPD results was performed. The 15 Porphyra lines were divided into 3 groups. This result was consistent with that from taxonomy analysis. A DNA fingerprinting based on 8 bands amplified with OPN_02 and OPJ_18 was constructed and might be used in Porphyra variety identification. Five specific RAPD fragments of 5 Porphyra lines were isolated and cloned into pGEM_T easy vector. These five RAPD fragments may be useful in germplasm identification and property protection of Porphyra .

Study on Genetic Diversity of Agronomic Traits and Genetic Relationships among Core Collections of Bitter Gourd

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of agronomic traits and genetic relationships among core collections of bitter gourd.[Method] Total 141 germplasms of bitter gourd were selected,and the genetic diversity of 13 agronomic traits was analyzed.In addition,total 46 core collections of bitter gourd were employed,and their genetic relationships were analyzed based on the phenotypic values and genotypic values of 5 agronomic traits,respectively.[Result] The genetic diversity analysis of agronomic traits showed that the genetic diversity indexes of the 4 qualitative traits of bitter gourd germplasms ranged from 0.46 to 1.34;the distribution of the 9 quantitative traits data was more dispersed with average coefficient of variation of 20.02%.The genetic relationship analysis showed that based on the phenotypic values and genotypic values of the 5 quantitative traits,the genetic distances among the 46 core collections of bitter gourd were different.Based on the genotypic values,the genetic distances among the 46 bitter gourd core collections ranged from 0.84 to 10.71.The 46 germplasms were divided into 17 groups with the rescaled distance of 8.5,which further classified the relationships among different germplasms.[Conclusion] This study will lay a solid foundation for the effective utilization of core collections and new variety breeding in bitter gourd.