“德之流行,速于置邮而传命”之“置”字辩及其他

《孟子.公孙丑上》:"孔子曰:‘德之流行,速于置邮而传命。’"对于此句中的"置",历来的解释都是:"置,驿站。"虽然"置"确有"驿站"这一义项,但孟子之时还没有产生,此处释为"驿站"不合"置"词义发展的事实,考求此"置"之义,应该解释为"设置"。同时,"置"其实还存在一个义项"传车、驿车";"置邮"作为一个词,也不是"驿站"的意思,而是"形容像设置驿站来传达命令一样的迅速"的意思。

漢代律令與傳舍管理

漢代傳舍使用與帝國的日常統治關係密切,管理傳舍使用則主要依靠律令來實現。本文收集、考釋漢簡及文獻中涉及傳舍、傳車與傳馬使用的律令條文,指出現存的律令儘管不完整,却已構建出使用傳舍及其附屬設施的自足的制度空間,符合律令的使用傳舍基本無需皇帝過問,從一個側面顯示了漢代依據律令維持國家運作的情況。

中国移动传输建设的切入点──无线接入

本文首先介绍了无线接入的特点，然后从覆盖范围、系统容量、业务能力、适用范围等方面比较了３．５ＧＨｚ固定无线接入与ＬＭＤＳ无线接入的区别。文章指出，３．５ＧＨｚ固定无线接入适合于业务发展初期进行宽范围的一般覆盖，从面上提供业务；而ＬＭＤＳ适合于业务量集中的小范围热点地区覆盖，从点上提供业务。

李玉《洛阳桥》传奇残曲考

《洛阳桥》传奇,清初李玉撰,剧写泉州太守蔡祥建造洛阳长桥、造福于民事。剧作问世以来,戏曲目录对此剧多有著录,然均标记"已佚",只在昆弋乱弹诸腔中保留了《下海投文》一出。近日,孙书磊师与笔者在点校整理《全清戏曲》(顺康卷)时,从南京大学吴新雷老师处幸得《神议》《戏女》两出,并在《北京大学程砚秋玉霜鋎藏戏曲珍本丛刊》中发现未命名者一出,以及《故宫珍本丛刊》和《中国国家图书馆藏清宫升平署档案集成》所收《下海投文》。此四出全为清升平署昆曲唱本,较接近李玉《洛阳桥》传奇原作。《洛阳桥》传奇直接取材于《四美记》,而非后人杜撰的《蔡锡传》,且受到明代沿海地区神话形象"夏得海"的影响。与此同时,清车王府又藏有《洛阳桥》的京腔乱弹本若干种,与程砚秋藏升平署昆曲本出目相同,反映了京剧对昆曲唱本的改编与重构,也体现了晚清王府演剧之特点。

秦汉邮驿交通建设与后勤管理

秦汉时期,全国性交通干线的修筑多由国家统一组织,区域性道路桥梁及邮亭馆舍的建造维修则由各地方政府承担。根据过往者的身份及其所持“传信”的不同,各邮驿机构要为他们提供相应的食宿和车马等便利条件。遍布各地的邮驿机构和严密完善的管理制度,保证了全国邮驿系统的有效运转。

Vehicle routing optimization algorithm based on time windows and dynamic demand

To provide the supplier with the minimizum vehicle travel distance in the distribution process of goods in three situations of new customer demand,customer cancellation service,and change of customer delivery address,based on the ideas of pre-optimization and real-time optimization,a two-stage planning model of dynamic demand based vehicle routing problem with time windows was established.At the pre-optimization stage,an improved genetic algorithm was used to obtain the pre-optimized distribution route,a large-scale neighborhood search method was integrated into the mutation operation to improve the local optimization performance of the genetic algorithm,and a variety of operators were introduced to expand the search space of neighborhood solutions;At the real-time optimization stage,a periodic optimization strategy was adopted to transform a complex dynamic problem into several static problems,and four neighborhood search operators were used to quickly adjust the route.Two different scale examples were designed for experiments.It is proved that the algorithm can plan the better route,and adjust the distribution route in time under the real-time constraints.Therefore,the proposed algorithm can provide theoretical guidance for suppliers to solve the dynamic demand based vehicle routing problem.

SOLVING FLEXIBLE JOB SHOP SCHEDULING PROBLEM BY GENETIC ALGORITHM

The job shop scheduli ng problem has been studied for decades and known as an NP-hard problem. The fl exible job shop scheduling problem is a generalization of the classical job sche duling problem that allows an operation to be processed on one machine out of a set of machines. The problem is to assign each operation to a machine and find a sequence for the operations on the machine in order that the maximal completion time of all operations is minimized. A genetic algorithm is used to solve the f lexible job shop scheduling problem. A novel gene coding method aiming at job sh op problem is introduced which is intuitive and does not need repairing process to validate the gene. Computer simulations are carried out and the results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Research on detection of lane based on machine vision

To prevent a vehicle from departing the lane in assistant or automatic steering, real-time vision-based detection of lane is studied. The system architecture, detecting principle and lane model are described. Then the detecting algorithm of the lane image is discussed in detail. In this algorithm, several proper sub-windows in one image are first selected as the processing regions. To every sub-window, by means of such steps as appropriate pre-processing, edge detection and Hough transform, etc., the lane description features are extracted. Experimental results reveal that this detection method is of good real-time, high recognition reliability and strong robustness, etc., which can provide the decision-making foundation for the following automatic or assistant steering to some extent.

Initial Alignment Technique for SINS of Vehicles in the Moving State

An initial alignment technique for the strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) of vehicles in the moving state is researched. By selecting an odometer as the system’s external sensor, the mathematical model for the alignment in the moving state is established and the observability of the system is analyzed. The results show that the SINS can successfully achieve the precision alignment in 10 min when the vehicle is moving toward the prearranged place after its staying for several seconds to perform the coarse alignment. The precision of alignment can also be improved in the moving state compared with that in the static state.

Fault Diagnosis of Vehicle Transmission System Based on Rough Set Theory

Rough set theory is used to treat the data of vehicle transmission system faults. The minimum fault feature vector can be obtained by calculating the importance and dependency of each attribute. Real time diagnosis, as a result, can be actualized. Ultimate decision making can be done by analyzing the consistency of decision information. The result shows that rough set theory is useful and possesses its unique merits in this field.

FLEXIBLE JOB-SHOP SCHEDULING WITH FUZZY GOAL THROUGH IOCDGA

The fuzzy goal flexible job-shop scheduling problem （FGFJSP） is the extension of FJSP. Compared with the convention JSP, it can solve the fuzzy goal problem and meet suit requirements of the key job. The multi-object problem, such as the fuzzy cost, the fuzzy due-date, and the fuzzy makespan, etc, can be solved by FGFJSP. To optimize FGFJSP, an individual optimization and colony diversity genetic algorithm （IOCDGA） is presented to accelerate the convergence speed and to avoid the earliness. In IOCDGA, the colony average distance and the colony entropy are defined after the definition of the encoding model. The colony diversity is expressed by the colony average distance and the colony entropy. The crossover probability and the mutation probability are controlled by the colony diversity. The evolution emphasizes that sigle individual or a few individuals evolve into the best in IOCDGA, but not the all in classical GA. Computational results show that the algorithm is applicable and the number of iterations is less.

Experimental analysis of the slip sinkage effect based on real vehicle test

To improve the semi-empirical model, the slip sinkage effect is analyzed based on the real vehicle test. A dynamic testing system is used to gain the dynamic responses of wheel-soil interactions, The Gauss-Newton algorithm is adopted to estimate the undetermined parameters involved in the slip sinkage models. Wong＇s original model is compared with three typical slip sinkage models on the prediction performance of a drawbar pull. The maximum error rate, root mean squared error and correlation coefficient are utilized to evaluate the performance. The results indicate that the slip sinkage models outperform Wong＇s model and greatly improve the prediction accuracy. Lyasko＇s model is confirmed as an outstanding one for its comprehensive performance. Hence, the existence of the slip sinkage effect is validated. Lyasko＇s model is selected as an optimal one for the practical evaluation of military vehicle trafficability.

INTEGRATED OPERATOR GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR SOLVING MULTI-OBJECTIVE FLEXIBLE JOB-SHOP SCHEDULING

In the flexible job-shop scheduling problem （FJSP）, each operation has to be assigned to a machine from a set of capable machines before alocating the assigned operations on all machines. To solve the multi-objective FJSP, the Grantt graph oriented string representation （GOSR） and the basic manipulation of the genetic algorithm operator are presented. An integrated operator genetic algorithm （IOGA） and its process are described. Comparison between computational results and the latest research shows that the proposed algorithm is effective in reducing the total workload of all machines, the makespan and the critical machine workload.

肩水金關漢簡中的《厩律》遺文

肩水金關漢簡73EJT23:623内容與漢代《厩律》有關。根據相關文獻記載,該律文可復原爲"律,諸當乘傳及發駕置傳者,皆持尺五寸木傳信,封以御史大夫印章。其乘傳參封之,有期會累封两端,端各两封;乘置、馳傳五封之;軺傳两馬再封之,一馬一封。諸乘軺傳者,乘一封及以律令乘傳起□……"。通過對律文的疏解可知,漢代《厩律》對傳車和傳信的規格有細密嚴格的制度規定,并在實際應用中得到了比較嚴格的執行。

Drag Torque Prediction Model for the Wet Clutches

Reduction of drag torque in disengaged wet clutch is one of important potentials for vehicle transmission improvement. The flow of the oil film in clutch clearance is investigated. A three-dimension Navier-Stokes(N-S) equation based on laminar flow is presented to model the drag torque. Pressure and speed distribution in radial and circumferential directions are deduced. The theoretical analysis reveals that oil flow acceleration in radial direction caused by centrifugal force is the key reason for the shrinking of oil film as constant feeding flow rate. The peak drag torque occurs at the beginning of oil film shrinking. A variable is introduced to describe effective oil film area and drag torque after oil film shrinking is well evaluated with the variable. Under the working condition, tests were made to obtain drag torque curves at different clutch speed and oil viscosity. The tests confirm that simulation results agree with test data. The model performs well in the prediction of drag torque and lays a theoretical foundation to reduce it.

Job shop scheduling problem with alternative machines using genetic algorithms

The classical job shop scheduling problem(JSP) is the most popular machine scheduling model in practice and is known as NP-hard.The formulation of the JSP is based on the assumption that for each part type or job there is only one process plan that prescribes the sequence of operations and the machine on which each operation has to be performed.However,JSP with alternative machines for various operations is an extension of the classical JSP,which allows an operation to be processed by any machine from a given set of machines.Since this problem requires an additional decision of machine allocation during scheduling,it is much more complex than JSP.We present a domain independent genetic algorithm(GA) approach for the job shop scheduling problem with alternative machines.The GA is implemented in a spreadsheet environment.The performance of the proposed GA is analyzed by comparing with various problem instances taken from the literatures.The result shows that the proposed GA is competitive with the existing approaches.A simplified approach that would be beneficial to both practitioners and researchers is presented for solving scheduling problems with alternative machines.

Traffic jam in signalized road network

Traffic jam in large signalized road network presents a complex nature.In order to reveal the jam characteristics,two indexes,SVS(speed of virtual signal) and VOS(velocity of spillover),were proposed respectively.SVS described the propagation of queue within a link while VOS reflected the spillover velocity of vehicle queue.Based on the two indexes,network jam simulation was carried out on a regular signalized road network.The simulation results show that:1) The propagation of traffic congestion on a signalized road network can be classified into two stages:virtual split driven stage and flow rate driven stage.The former stage is characterized by decreasing virtual split while the latter only depends on flow rate; 2) The jam propagation rate and direction are dependent on traffic demand distribution and other network parameters.The direction with higher demand gets more chance to be jammed.Our findings can serve as the basis of the prevention of the formation and propagation of network traffic jam.

Study on Characteristic of Electric Power Assist Steering System

A pinion-type electric power steering (EPS) equipped on a sedan is reached in this paper. A three-freedom dynamic model of this system is created. The variables affecting assist character is analyzed. The formulas of simpled steering resistance force and the relationship between assist gain and vehicle speed are presented for the first time. Assist character is found based on the parameters of a sedan at last. This assist character is fit for the control rule of the EPS system through analyzing this character. The assist character figure offers reference for system design and control. Furthermore, this research method has generality for assist character of different kinds of vehicles.

A Vehicle Routing Problem Based on Intelligent Batteries Transfer Management for the EV Network

Batteries transfer management is one important aspect in electric vehicle(EV)network's intelligent operation management system.Batteries transfer is a special and much more complex VRP(Vehicle Routing Problem) which takes the multiple constraints such as dynamic multi-depots,time windows,simultaneous pickups and deliveries,distance minimization,etc.into account.We call it VRPEVB(VRP with EV Batteries).This paper,based on the intelligent management model of EV's battery power,puts forward a battery transfer algorithm for the EV network which considers the traffic congestion that changes dynamically and uses improved Ant Colony Optimization.By setting a reasonable tabv range,special update rules of the pheromone and path list memory functions,the algorithm can have a better convergence,and its feasibility is proved by the experiment in an EV's demonstration operation system.

Applications of cascade multilevel inverters

Cascade multilevel inverters have been developed for electric utility applications. A cascade M level inverter consists of (M 1)/2 H bridges in which each bridge's dc voltage is supported by its own dc capacitor. The new inverter can: (1) generate almost sinusoidal waveform voltage while only switching one time per fundamental cycle; (2) dispense with multi pulse inverters' transformers used in conventional utility interfaces and static var compensators; (3) enables direct parallel or series transformer less connection to medium and high voltage power systems. In short, the cascade inverter is much more efficient and suitable for utility applications than traditional multi pulse and pulse width modulation (PWM) inverters. The authors have experimentally demonstrated the superiority of the new inverter for power supply, (hybrid) electric vehicle (EV) motor drive, reactive power (var) and harmonic compensation. This paper summarizes the features, feasibility, and control schemes of the cascade inverter for utility applications including utility interface of renewable energy, voltage regulation, var compensation, and harmonic filtering in power systems. Analytical, simulated, and experimental results demonstrated the superiority of the new inverters.