Understanding how signal properties are optimized for the reliable transmission of information requires accurate de- scription of the signal in time and space. For movement-based signals where movement is restricted t...Understanding how signal properties are optimized for the reliable transmission of information requires accurate de- scription of the signal in time and space. For movement-based signals where movement is restricted to a single plane, measure- ments from a single viewpoint can be used to consider a range of viewing positions based on simple geometric calculations. However, considerations of signal properties from a range of viewing positions for movements extending into three-dimensions （3D） are more problematic. We present here a new framework that overcomes this limitation, and enables us to quantify the extent to which movement-based signals are view-specific. To illustrate its application, a Jacky lizard tail flick signal was filmed with synchronized cameras and the position of the tail tip digitized for both recordings. Camera aligmnent enabled tl^e construction of a 3D display action pattern profile. We analyzed the profile directly and used it to create a detailed 3D animation. In the virtual environment, we were able to film the same signal from multiple viewing positions and using a computational motion analysis algorithm （gradient detector model） to measure local image velocity in order to predict view dependent differences in signal properties. This approach will enable consideration of a range of questions concerning movement-based signal design and evolu- tion that were previously out of reach [Current Zoology 56 （3）： 327-336, 2010].展开更多
In order to control heavy metal pollution effectively, this paper reviews heavy metal source and transport characteristics in heavy metal circulation in bio- sphere, including geochemical cycle and biological cycle of...In order to control heavy metal pollution effectively, this paper reviews heavy metal source and transport characteristics in heavy metal circulation in bio- sphere, including geochemical cycle and biological cycle of heavy metals. The inter- body of geochemical cycle of heavy metals includes soil, gas as well as water body, and the interbody of biological cycle of heavy metals includes environment, plant, microorganisms and animals. As to macro-cycle, transportation character in each interbody is different. Heavy metal circulation in different interbody interacts with each other and is in dynamic balance. Heavy metals in soil include two parts, i.e. active and inert forms, which are in dynamic equilibrium. This equilibrium may be affected by different physicochemical factors. Heavy metal content at different soil depth reflects historical accumulation level of heavy metal. In contrast to agri- cultural eco-system itself, industrial and urban activities are of great menace. Fluvial transport and atmospheric input are significant pathways of heavy metal circulation. Sludge plays an accumulative role of heavy metals, and can release its heavy met- als to water body causing secondary pollution. Balance of heavy metal immobiliza- tion and release is interrupted by physicochemical characters and microbial activity. Temperature can influence atmospheric heavy metal content, and volatile heavy meal precipitation is an indLspensable source in soil and water body. In regard to micro-cycle, plants is the main part in heavy metal cycle, microorganisms play roles in accelerator and animals in recipient. Specific transportation and assigned location of heavy metal in plants are adopted to keep internal heavy metal equilibrium.展开更多
We investigated the superconducting properties of Fe_(1+y)Te_(0:6)Se_(0:4) single-crystalline microbridges with a width of 4 m and thicknesses ranging from 20.8 to 136.2 nm. The temperature-dependent in-plane resistan...We investigated the superconducting properties of Fe_(1+y)Te_(0:6)Se_(0:4) single-crystalline microbridges with a width of 4 m and thicknesses ranging from 20.8 to 136.2 nm. The temperature-dependent in-plane resistance of the bridges exhibited a type of metalinsulator transition in the normal state. The critical current density(J_c) of the microbridge with a thickness of 136.2 nm was82.3 kA/cm^2 at 3K and reached 105 kA/cm^2 after extrapolation to T = 0 K. The current versus voltage characteristics of the microbridges showed a Josephson-like behavior with an obvious hysteresis. These results demonstrate the potential application of ultra-thin Fe-based microbridges in superconducting electronic devices such as bolometric detectors.展开更多
文摘Understanding how signal properties are optimized for the reliable transmission of information requires accurate de- scription of the signal in time and space. For movement-based signals where movement is restricted to a single plane, measure- ments from a single viewpoint can be used to consider a range of viewing positions based on simple geometric calculations. However, considerations of signal properties from a range of viewing positions for movements extending into three-dimensions （3D） are more problematic. We present here a new framework that overcomes this limitation, and enables us to quantify the extent to which movement-based signals are view-specific. To illustrate its application, a Jacky lizard tail flick signal was filmed with synchronized cameras and the position of the tail tip digitized for both recordings. Camera aligmnent enabled tl^e construction of a 3D display action pattern profile. We analyzed the profile directly and used it to create a detailed 3D animation. In the virtual environment, we were able to film the same signal from multiple viewing positions and using a computational motion analysis algorithm （gradient detector model） to measure local image velocity in order to predict view dependent differences in signal properties. This approach will enable consideration of a range of questions concerning movement-based signal design and evolu- tion that were previously out of reach [Current Zoology 56 （3）： 327-336, 2010].
文摘In order to control heavy metal pollution effectively, this paper reviews heavy metal source and transport characteristics in heavy metal circulation in bio- sphere, including geochemical cycle and biological cycle of heavy metals. The inter- body of geochemical cycle of heavy metals includes soil, gas as well as water body, and the interbody of biological cycle of heavy metals includes environment, plant, microorganisms and animals. As to macro-cycle, transportation character in each interbody is different. Heavy metal circulation in different interbody interacts with each other and is in dynamic balance. Heavy metals in soil include two parts, i.e. active and inert forms, which are in dynamic equilibrium. This equilibrium may be affected by different physicochemical factors. Heavy metal content at different soil depth reflects historical accumulation level of heavy metal. In contrast to agri- cultural eco-system itself, industrial and urban activities are of great menace. Fluvial transport and atmospheric input are significant pathways of heavy metal circulation. Sludge plays an accumulative role of heavy metals, and can release its heavy met- als to water body causing secondary pollution. Balance of heavy metal immobiliza- tion and release is interrupted by physicochemical characters and microbial activity. Temperature can influence atmospheric heavy metal content, and volatile heavy meal precipitation is an indLspensable source in soil and water body. In regard to micro-cycle, plants is the main part in heavy metal cycle, microorganisms play roles in accelerator and animals in recipient. Specific transportation and assigned location of heavy metal in plants are adopted to keep internal heavy metal equilibrium.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11234006,61501220,U1432135,11674054,and 11611140101)Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Fund(Grant No.SBK2015040804)Opening Project of Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center(Grant No.2015KF19)
文摘We investigated the superconducting properties of Fe_(1+y)Te_(0:6)Se_(0:4) single-crystalline microbridges with a width of 4 m and thicknesses ranging from 20.8 to 136.2 nm. The temperature-dependent in-plane resistance of the bridges exhibited a type of metalinsulator transition in the normal state. The critical current density(J_c) of the microbridge with a thickness of 136.2 nm was82.3 kA/cm^2 at 3K and reached 105 kA/cm^2 after extrapolation to T = 0 K. The current versus voltage characteristics of the microbridges showed a Josephson-like behavior with an obvious hysteresis. These results demonstrate the potential application of ultra-thin Fe-based microbridges in superconducting electronic devices such as bolometric detectors.
