BACKGROUND:The mechanisms underlying heat stroke(HS)-induced hippocampal injury remain unclear.This study aimed to evaluate the HS-induced metabonomics of hippocampal and cerebellar transmitters.METHODS:The HS model w...BACKGROUND:The mechanisms underlying heat stroke(HS)-induced hippocampal injury remain unclear.This study aimed to evaluate the HS-induced metabonomics of hippocampal and cerebellar transmitters.METHODS:The HS model was established with male Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to heat exposure of up to 42℃ at a humidity of(55.0±5.0)%.The hippocampal and cerebellar transmitters and metabolites of rats were tested via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).The primary transmitters and metabolites were identified by principal component analysis(PCA)and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA).The major metabolic pathways for HS were selected after enrichment.The brain injury was evaluated by histological tests.RESULTS:HS induced hippocampal and cerebellar injuries in rats.HS upregulated the protein levels of hippocampal glutamate,glutamine,gamma-aminobutyric acid,L-tryptophan(Trp),5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid,and kynurenine;however,it downregulated asparagine,tryptamine,5-hydroxytryptophan,melatonin,3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine(L-DOPA),and vanillylmandelic acid.HS also sharply elevated the protein levels of cerebellar methionine and Trp,and decreased the levels of serotonin,L-alanine,L-asparagine,L-aspartate,cysteine,norepinephrine,spermine,spermidine,and tyrosine.Hippocampal glutamate,monoamine transmitters,cerebellar aspartate acid,and catecholamine transmitters’metabolic pathways were identified as the main metablic pathways in HS.CONCLUSION:The hippocampus and cerebellum were injured in rats with HS,possibly induced the disorder of hippocampal glutamate and serotonin metabolism,cerebellar aspartate acid and catecholamine transmitter metabolism,and related metabolic pathways.展开更多
The presence of Li_(2)Si_(2)O_(5) and LiAlSi_(4)O_(10) could effectively improve the elastic modulus and transmittance of lithium disilicate(LD)glass-ceramics.Through synergistically modulation of the crystal content ...The presence of Li_(2)Si_(2)O_(5) and LiAlSi_(4)O_(10) could effectively improve the elastic modulus and transmittance of lithium disilicate(LD)glass-ceramics.Through synergistically modulation of the crystal content and grain size,we obtained high strength and high transmittance of LD glass-ceramics.The optimal sample had a high transmittance of 90.3%,the hardness was 7.72 GPa,the fracture toughness was 1.07 MPa·m^(1/2),and the elastic modulus was 103.1 GPa.展开更多
基金supported by the grants from Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LGF19H150004)Zhejiang Provincial Medical Science and Technology project(2022RC258)。
文摘BACKGROUND:The mechanisms underlying heat stroke(HS)-induced hippocampal injury remain unclear.This study aimed to evaluate the HS-induced metabonomics of hippocampal and cerebellar transmitters.METHODS:The HS model was established with male Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to heat exposure of up to 42℃ at a humidity of(55.0±5.0)%.The hippocampal and cerebellar transmitters and metabolites of rats were tested via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).The primary transmitters and metabolites were identified by principal component analysis(PCA)and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA).The major metabolic pathways for HS were selected after enrichment.The brain injury was evaluated by histological tests.RESULTS:HS induced hippocampal and cerebellar injuries in rats.HS upregulated the protein levels of hippocampal glutamate,glutamine,gamma-aminobutyric acid,L-tryptophan(Trp),5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid,and kynurenine;however,it downregulated asparagine,tryptamine,5-hydroxytryptophan,melatonin,3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine(L-DOPA),and vanillylmandelic acid.HS also sharply elevated the protein levels of cerebellar methionine and Trp,and decreased the levels of serotonin,L-alanine,L-asparagine,L-aspartate,cysteine,norepinephrine,spermine,spermidine,and tyrosine.Hippocampal glutamate,monoamine transmitters,cerebellar aspartate acid,and catecholamine transmitters’metabolic pathways were identified as the main metablic pathways in HS.CONCLUSION:The hippocampus and cerebellum were injured in rats with HS,possibly induced the disorder of hippocampal glutamate and serotonin metabolism,cerebellar aspartate acid and catecholamine transmitter metabolism,and related metabolic pathways.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52372014)the Key R&D Project of Hubei Province(No.2022BAA025)the Key R&D Project of Jincheng City(No.20220120)。
文摘The presence of Li_(2)Si_(2)O_(5) and LiAlSi_(4)O_(10) could effectively improve the elastic modulus and transmittance of lithium disilicate(LD)glass-ceramics.Through synergistically modulation of the crystal content and grain size,we obtained high strength and high transmittance of LD glass-ceramics.The optimal sample had a high transmittance of 90.3%,the hardness was 7.72 GPa,the fracture toughness was 1.07 MPa·m^(1/2),and the elastic modulus was 103.1 GPa.
