The Weather Research Forecast model (WRF) configured with high resolution and NCEP 1°×1° reanalysis data were used to simulate the development of a tropical deep convection over the Tiwi Islands,norther...The Weather Research Forecast model (WRF) configured with high resolution and NCEP 1°×1° reanalysis data were used to simulate the development of a tropical deep convection over the Tiwi Islands,northern Australia,and to investigate the sensitivity of model results to model configuration and parameterization schemes of microphysical processes.The simulation results were compared with available measurements.The results show that the model can reproduce most of the important characteristics of the observed diurnal evolution of the convection,including the initiation of convection along the sea-breeze front,which is then reinforced by downdraft outflows,merging of cells and the formation of a deep convective system.However,further improvement is needed to simulate more accurately the location and the time for initiation of the deep convective system.Sensitivity tests show that double-nesting schemes are more accurate than the non-nesting schemes in predicting the distribution and intensity of precipitation as far as this particular case is concerned.Additionally,microphysical schemes also have an effect on the simulated amount of precipitation.It is shown that the best agreement is reached between the simulation results and observations when the Purdue Lin scheme is used.展开更多
The entanglement of the generalized two-mode binomial states in the phase damping channel is studied by making use of the relative entropy of the entanglement. It is shown that the factors of q and p play the crucial ...The entanglement of the generalized two-mode binomial states in the phase damping channel is studied by making use of the relative entropy of the entanglement. It is shown that the factors of q and p play the crucial roles in control the relative entropy of the entanglement. Furthermore, we propose a scheme of teleporting an unknown state via the generalized two-mode binomial states, and calculate the mean fidelity of the scheme.展开更多
A heat transfer model for three-fluid separated heat pipe exchanger was analyzed,and the temperature transfer matrix for general three-fluid separated heat exchanger working in parallel-flow or counter-flow mode was o...A heat transfer model for three-fluid separated heat pipe exchanger was analyzed,and the temperature transfer matrix for general three-fluid separated heat exchanger working in parallel-flow or counter-flow mode was obtained.It was found that the forms of temperature transfer matrix are similar for heat pipe rows with equal or different heat transfer surface area.Furthermore,by using the temperature transfer matrix of the heat pipe exchanger,the relationship between heat transfer effectiveness θ 1,θ 2 and M,NTU,U,Δt i were derived for the exchanger operating in parallel-flow or counter-flow mode,and a simple special example was adopted to demonstrate the correctness of these relationships.展开更多
Based on the recent observations about the movement and rheological structure of the lithosphere and deformation pattern of the crust, we developed a three-dimensional finite element model for the northeastern margin ...Based on the recent observations about the movement and rheological structure of the lithosphere and deformation pattern of the crust, we developed a three-dimensional finite element model for the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.The model considered the impacts of both external and internal conditions, including mantle convection, gravitational potential energy and block interactions. We compared the simulated surface movement rates to the observed GPS velocities, and the results revealed that crustal movement gradually decreased toward the edge of the plateau. The factors controlling this pattern are the interactions of adjacent blocks, gravitational potential energy of the plateau, and also mantle convection as well. Additionally,according to the observation that there was an apparent difference between the horizontal movement rate of the lithosphere and convective velocity of the underlying mantle, and also based on the results of seismic anisotropy studies that suggest different strengths and deformation regimes of the lithosphere in different tectonic blocks, we proposed that the impact of mantle convection on the lithosphere may have varied in space, and introduced a parameter named mantle convection intensity factor in numerical simulations. Our simulation results show consistent surface movement rates with GPS observations, which further supports the viewpoint of seismic anisotropy studies, i.e., the degree of coupling between the crust and mantle varies significantly among different blocks.展开更多
This paper discusses a mathematical model for a liquid phase reacting flow occurring at the cathode of a patent pending novel fuel cell geometry, where a non homogeneous catalysis carried by gold and Prussian Blue, wi...This paper discusses a mathematical model for a liquid phase reacting flow occurring at the cathode of a patent pending novel fuel cell geometry, where a non homogeneous catalysis carried by gold and Prussian Blue, with the first reducing air O2 and the second the resulting H2O2. The breathing zone is porous walls microtubes, with three different types of pores in its walls. Inside the microtubes there is water solution of sulfuric acid. The microtubes possess an external layer of extremely porous polymer hydrophobic agent. A Prussian Blue thin porous layer is over the selective membrane. Appropriate porous and tubular connecting elements close the fluid loop. The asymmetry induces proper current and electric potential profiles, which leads to a mainly electrocapillary electrokinetic flow, which enhances the oxygen transport and assures the H2O2 flow to its reduction layer.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation (40675005)Science Foundation (QD52)Natural Science Foundation for High Education in Jiangsu Province (06KJB170047)
文摘The Weather Research Forecast model (WRF) configured with high resolution and NCEP 1°×1° reanalysis data were used to simulate the development of a tropical deep convection over the Tiwi Islands,northern Australia,and to investigate the sensitivity of model results to model configuration and parameterization schemes of microphysical processes.The simulation results were compared with available measurements.The results show that the model can reproduce most of the important characteristics of the observed diurnal evolution of the convection,including the initiation of convection along the sea-breeze front,which is then reinforced by downdraft outflows,merging of cells and the formation of a deep convective system.However,further improvement is needed to simulate more accurately the location and the time for initiation of the deep convective system.Sensitivity tests show that double-nesting schemes are more accurate than the non-nesting schemes in predicting the distribution and intensity of precipitation as far as this particular case is concerned.Additionally,microphysical schemes also have an effect on the simulated amount of precipitation.It is shown that the best agreement is reached between the simulation results and observations when the Purdue Lin scheme is used.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 10774131the Foundation of Educational Commission of Zhejiang Province of China under Grant No. 20060191
文摘The entanglement of the generalized two-mode binomial states in the phase damping channel is studied by making use of the relative entropy of the entanglement. It is shown that the factors of q and p play the crucial roles in control the relative entropy of the entanglement. Furthermore, we propose a scheme of teleporting an unknown state via the generalized two-mode binomial states, and calculate the mean fidelity of the scheme.
文摘A heat transfer model for three-fluid separated heat pipe exchanger was analyzed,and the temperature transfer matrix for general three-fluid separated heat exchanger working in parallel-flow or counter-flow mode was obtained.It was found that the forms of temperature transfer matrix are similar for heat pipe rows with equal or different heat transfer surface area.Furthermore,by using the temperature transfer matrix of the heat pipe exchanger,the relationship between heat transfer effectiveness θ 1,θ 2 and M,NTU,U,Δt i were derived for the exchanger operating in parallel-flow or counter-flow mode,and a simple special example was adopted to demonstrate the correctness of these relationships.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41504079)the China National Special Fund for Earthquake Scientific Research in Public Interest (Grant No. 201308011)
文摘Based on the recent observations about the movement and rheological structure of the lithosphere and deformation pattern of the crust, we developed a three-dimensional finite element model for the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.The model considered the impacts of both external and internal conditions, including mantle convection, gravitational potential energy and block interactions. We compared the simulated surface movement rates to the observed GPS velocities, and the results revealed that crustal movement gradually decreased toward the edge of the plateau. The factors controlling this pattern are the interactions of adjacent blocks, gravitational potential energy of the plateau, and also mantle convection as well. Additionally,according to the observation that there was an apparent difference between the horizontal movement rate of the lithosphere and convective velocity of the underlying mantle, and also based on the results of seismic anisotropy studies that suggest different strengths and deformation regimes of the lithosphere in different tectonic blocks, we proposed that the impact of mantle convection on the lithosphere may have varied in space, and introduced a parameter named mantle convection intensity factor in numerical simulations. Our simulation results show consistent surface movement rates with GPS observations, which further supports the viewpoint of seismic anisotropy studies, i.e., the degree of coupling between the crust and mantle varies significantly among different blocks.
文摘This paper discusses a mathematical model for a liquid phase reacting flow occurring at the cathode of a patent pending novel fuel cell geometry, where a non homogeneous catalysis carried by gold and Prussian Blue, with the first reducing air O2 and the second the resulting H2O2. The breathing zone is porous walls microtubes, with three different types of pores in its walls. Inside the microtubes there is water solution of sulfuric acid. The microtubes possess an external layer of extremely porous polymer hydrophobic agent. A Prussian Blue thin porous layer is over the selective membrane. Appropriate porous and tubular connecting elements close the fluid loop. The asymmetry induces proper current and electric potential profiles, which leads to a mainly electrocapillary electrokinetic flow, which enhances the oxygen transport and assures the H2O2 flow to its reduction layer.
