The electrochemical and the mass transport behavior of ABTS2-/ABTS＇- （2,2＇-azinobis（3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate）） redox couple at glassy carbon electrode （GCE） in phos- phate buffer solution （PBS, pH=...The electrochemical and the mass transport behavior of ABTS2-/ABTS＇- （2,2＇-azinobis（3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate）） redox couple at glassy carbon electrode （GCE） in phos- phate buffer solution （PBS, pH=4.4） is studied in detail by cyclic voltammetry combined with rotating disk electrode system. From the i-E curves recorded at different electrode rotating rate, rate constant, and transfer coefficient for ABTS 2-←→ABTS^-＋e reaction at GCE electrode and the diffusion coefficient of ABTS2- in PBS are estimated to be 4.6× 10^-3 cm/s, 0.28, and 4.4× 10^-6 cm^2/s, respectively. The transfer coefficient with a value of ca. 0.28 differs largely from the value of 0.5 that is always assumed in the literature. The origins for the difference of the rate constant determined and the challenges for estimating the stan- dard rate constant are discussed. The performance for such ABTS2- mediated bio-cathode toward oxygen reduction reaction is discussed according to the over-potential drop as well as current output limit associated with the charge transfer kinetics of ABTS2- ←→ABTS-＋e redox reaction and/or the mass transport effect.展开更多
A novel mathematical model for single particle slurry propylene polymerization rising heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts has been developed to describe the kinetic behavior, the molecular weight-distribution, the m...A novel mathematical model for single particle slurry propylene polymerization rising heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts has been developed to describe the kinetic behavior, the molecular weight-distribution, the monomer concentration, the degree of polymerization, the polydispersity index （PDI）, etc. This model provides a more valid mathematical description by accounting for the monomer diffusion phenomena at two levels as multigrai model counts, and obtains results that are more applicable to the conditions existing in most polymerizations of industrial interest. Considering that some models on the mesoscale phenomena are so complex that some existingmodeling aspects have to be simplified or even neglected to make the model convenient for use in interesting engineering studies, it is very important to put some effort into determining what sort of numerical analysis works bestfor these problems. For this reason, special attentionis.paid to these studies to explorean efficient algorithm usingadaptive grid-point spacing in a tlnlte-ditterence technique to tlgure out more practical mass transport models andconvection-diffusion models efficiently. The reasonable outcomes, as well as the significant computation time saving, have been achieved, thereby displaying the advantage of this calculation method.展开更多
Considering both the compaction effect of pile surrounding soil and the stress diffusion effect of pile end soil,this paper theoretically investigates the torsional vibration characteristics of tapered pile.Utilizing ...Considering both the compaction effect of pile surrounding soil and the stress diffusion effect of pile end soil,this paper theoretically investigates the torsional vibration characteristics of tapered pile.Utilizing the complex stiffness transfer model to simulate compaction effect and tapered fictitious soil pile model to simulate stress diffusion,the analytical solution for the torsional impedance at tapered pile top is obtained by virtue of Laplace transform technique and impedance transfer method.Based on the present solution,a parametric study is conducted to investigate the rationality of the present solution and the influence of soil and pile properties on the torsional vibration characteristics of tapered pile embedded in layered soil.The results show that,both the compaction effect and stress diffusion effect have significant influence on the torsional vibration characteristics of tapered pile,and these two factors should be considered during the dynamic design of pile foundation.展开更多
By applying bromide ion as tracer, the channeling flow has been quantitatively described in saline rice soil and alkaline soil of Da＇an City, Jilin Province of China. Breakthrough curves of bromide ion in the saline ...By applying bromide ion as tracer, the channeling flow has been quantitatively described in saline rice soil and alkaline soil of Da＇an City, Jilin Province of China. Breakthrough curves of bromide ion in the saline rice soils after 1-year cultivation and 5-year cultivation and alkaline soil have been attained. Results show that the rice cultivation practice can improve the alkaline soil structure, however, it can accelerate the development of channeling flow pathway. Therefore, the channeling flow pathway has been developed widely in saline rice soil, but rarely in the alkaline soil. Three models of convection-dispersion equation （CDE）, transfer functional model （TFM） and Back-Progation Network （BP Network） were used to simulate the transportation process of bromide ion. The peaks of probability density function of saline rice soil are higher with left skewed feature compared with that of the alkaline soil. It shows that the TIM and CDE can simulate the transportation process of the bromide ion in saline rice soil after 5-year cultivation, however, some deviation exists when it was used to simulate transportation process of bromide ion in saline rice soil after 1-year cultivation and alkaline soil; BP network can effectively simulate transportation process of bromide ion in both saline rice soil and alkaline soil.展开更多
This work represents a formalized description of information and communicative interac- tions of individuals on the basis of theory of information images （II）. It also demonstrates how important it is to choose the ...This work represents a formalized description of information and communicative interac- tions of individuals on the basis of theory of information images （II）. It also demonstrates how important it is to choose the models type adequate to the systems under research. It also introduces an explication of the possibility to create the model of information and communication interactions that can illustrate transmission of information between two and more individuals. Methods and approaches suggested in this paper allow us to compare different levels of the described processes depending on the chosen architecture of the model; the methods and approaches mentioned in the current work can be also used to simulate the processes of distortion and generation of information images while information and communication social interaction. Expansion and addition of informa- tion images theory in terms of transmission of information among individuals enables us to speak about the space of individual II. The existence of such a space and creation of correct formalized model help us to explain a number of characteristic phenomena of human thinking processes. As a result of this research, the authors introduce an equa- tion that describes the spatial and structural evolution of individual II. There is also an example of modeling on the basis of this theory taking into account the results of the experiment （bilingual Stroop test）.展开更多
基金This work was supported by one hundred Talents＇ Program of the Chinese Academy of Science, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.21073176）, 973 Program from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China （No.2010CB923302）.
文摘The electrochemical and the mass transport behavior of ABTS2-/ABTS＇- （2,2＇-azinobis（3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate）） redox couple at glassy carbon electrode （GCE） in phos- phate buffer solution （PBS, pH=4.4） is studied in detail by cyclic voltammetry combined with rotating disk electrode system. From the i-E curves recorded at different electrode rotating rate, rate constant, and transfer coefficient for ABTS 2-←→ABTS^-＋e reaction at GCE electrode and the diffusion coefficient of ABTS2- in PBS are estimated to be 4.6× 10^-3 cm/s, 0.28, and 4.4× 10^-6 cm^2/s, respectively. The transfer coefficient with a value of ca. 0.28 differs largely from the value of 0.5 that is always assumed in the literature. The origins for the difference of the rate constant determined and the challenges for estimating the stan- dard rate constant are discussed. The performance for such ABTS2- mediated bio-cathode toward oxygen reduction reaction is discussed according to the over-potential drop as well as current output limit associated with the charge transfer kinetics of ABTS2- ←→ABTS-＋e redox reaction and/or the mass transport effect.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Development Program of China （No.2006AA05Z226）, Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province （No.Y105370）, National HI-TECH Industrialization Program of China （No.2004-2080）, and Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Zhejiang University （No. 111000-581645）.
文摘A novel mathematical model for single particle slurry propylene polymerization rising heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts has been developed to describe the kinetic behavior, the molecular weight-distribution, the monomer concentration, the degree of polymerization, the polydispersity index （PDI）, etc. This model provides a more valid mathematical description by accounting for the monomer diffusion phenomena at two levels as multigrai model counts, and obtains results that are more applicable to the conditions existing in most polymerizations of industrial interest. Considering that some models on the mesoscale phenomena are so complex that some existingmodeling aspects have to be simplified or even neglected to make the model convenient for use in interesting engineering studies, it is very important to put some effort into determining what sort of numerical analysis works bestfor these problems. For this reason, special attentionis.paid to these studies to explorean efficient algorithm usingadaptive grid-point spacing in a tlnlte-ditterence technique to tlgure out more practical mass transport models andconvection-diffusion models efficiently. The reasonable outcomes, as well as the significant computation time saving, have been achieved, thereby displaying the advantage of this calculation method.
基金Projects(51578164,51678547,51878634,51878185,41807262)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘Considering both the compaction effect of pile surrounding soil and the stress diffusion effect of pile end soil,this paper theoretically investigates the torsional vibration characteristics of tapered pile.Utilizing the complex stiffness transfer model to simulate compaction effect and tapered fictitious soil pile model to simulate stress diffusion,the analytical solution for the torsional impedance at tapered pile top is obtained by virtue of Laplace transform technique and impedance transfer method.Based on the present solution,a parametric study is conducted to investigate the rationality of the present solution and the influence of soil and pile properties on the torsional vibration characteristics of tapered pile embedded in layered soil.The results show that,both the compaction effect and stress diffusion effect have significant influence on the torsional vibration characteristics of tapered pile,and these two factors should be considered during the dynamic design of pile foundation.
基金Under the auspices of the Key Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX1-SW-19-02)
文摘By applying bromide ion as tracer, the channeling flow has been quantitatively described in saline rice soil and alkaline soil of Da＇an City, Jilin Province of China. Breakthrough curves of bromide ion in the saline rice soils after 1-year cultivation and 5-year cultivation and alkaline soil have been attained. Results show that the rice cultivation practice can improve the alkaline soil structure, however, it can accelerate the development of channeling flow pathway. Therefore, the channeling flow pathway has been developed widely in saline rice soil, but rarely in the alkaline soil. Three models of convection-dispersion equation （CDE）, transfer functional model （TFM） and Back-Progation Network （BP Network） were used to simulate the transportation process of bromide ion. The peaks of probability density function of saline rice soil are higher with left skewed feature compared with that of the alkaline soil. It shows that the TIM and CDE can simulate the transportation process of the bromide ion in saline rice soil after 5-year cultivation, however, some deviation exists when it was used to simulate transportation process of bromide ion in saline rice soil after 1-year cultivation and alkaline soil; BP network can effectively simulate transportation process of bromide ion in both saline rice soil and alkaline soil.
基金The theoretical part of the research was performed with support by the Grant of the Russian Science Foundation （Project No. 15-18-00047）. The experimental part of the research was performed with support by Grants from the Board President of the Russian Federation （Project MK-7165.2015.6）.
文摘This work represents a formalized description of information and communicative interac- tions of individuals on the basis of theory of information images （II）. It also demonstrates how important it is to choose the models type adequate to the systems under research. It also introduces an explication of the possibility to create the model of information and communication interactions that can illustrate transmission of information between two and more individuals. Methods and approaches suggested in this paper allow us to compare different levels of the described processes depending on the chosen architecture of the model; the methods and approaches mentioned in the current work can be also used to simulate the processes of distortion and generation of information images while information and communication social interaction. Expansion and addition of informa- tion images theory in terms of transmission of information among individuals enables us to speak about the space of individual II. The existence of such a space and creation of correct formalized model help us to explain a number of characteristic phenomena of human thinking processes. As a result of this research, the authors introduce an equa- tion that describes the spatial and structural evolution of individual II. There is also an example of modeling on the basis of this theory taking into account the results of the experiment （bilingual Stroop test）.
