The most promising strategies in tissue engineering involve the integration of a triad of biomaterials, living cells, and biologically active molecules to engineer synthetic environments that closely mimic the healing...The most promising strategies in tissue engineering involve the integration of a triad of biomaterials, living cells, and biologically active molecules to engineer synthetic environments that closely mimic the healing milieu present in human tissues, and that stimulate tissue repair and regeneration. To be clinically effective, these environments must replicate, as closely as possible, the main characteristics of the native extracellular matrix(ECM) on a cellular and subcellular scale. Photo-fabrication techniques have already been used to generate 3D environments with precise architectures and heterogeneous composition, through a multi-layer procedure involving the selective photocrosslinking reaction of a light-sensitive prepolymer. Cells and therapeutic molecules can be included in the initial hydrogel precursor solution, and processed into 3D constructs. Recently, photofabrication has also been explored to dynamically modulate hydrogel features in real time, providing enhanced control of cell fate and delivery of bioactive compounds. This paper focuses on the use of 3D photo-fabrication techniques to produce advanced constructs for tissue regeneration and drug delivery applications. State-of-the-art photo-fabrication techniques are described, with emphasis on the operating principles and biofabrication strategies to create spatially controlled patterns of cells and bioactive factors. Considering its fast processing, spatiotemporal control, high resolution, and accuracy, photo-fabrication is assuming a critical role in the design of sophisticated 3D constructs. This technology is capable of providing appropriate environments for tissue regeneration, and regulating the spatiotemporal delivery of therapeutics.展开更多
The ecological effects of land transfer are mainly around the ecological effects of land itself. One is environmental and ecological effects of land, such as flood controlling, preventing soil erosion, preventing the ...The ecological effects of land transfer are mainly around the ecological effects of land itself. One is environmental and ecological effects of land, such as flood controlling, preventing soil erosion, preventing the collapse debris, water conservation and maintenance of biodiversity and conservation of wildlife. Second, it is crop residue use of land, including： treatment of organic waste, decomposing and eliminating contaminants, regulating microclimate and air purification, maintaining and revitalizing rural communities. Third, the geographical landscape effects of land, such as providing idyllic pastures and other entertainment services. In a conclusion, there is little exploration to the ecological effects of rural land. This paper attempts to analyze the environmental problems related to the land transferring in Tongren City.展开更多
Many genome editing tools have been developed and new ones are anticipated; some have been extensively applied in plant genetics, biotechnology and breeding, especially the CRISPR/Cas9 system. These technologies have ...Many genome editing tools have been developed and new ones are anticipated; some have been extensively applied in plant genetics, biotechnology and breeding, especially the CRISPR/Cas9 system. These technologies have opened up a new era for crop improvement due to their precise editing of user-specified sequences related to agronomic traits. In this review, we will focus on an update of recent developments in the methodologies of editing reagent delivery, and consider the pros and cons of current delivery systems. Finally, we will reflect on possible future directions.展开更多
Wnts comprise a large family of proteins that have shown to be part of a signaling cascade that regulates several aspects of develop- ment including organogenesis, mid brain development as welt as stem cell proliferat...Wnts comprise a large family of proteins that have shown to be part of a signaling cascade that regulates several aspects of develop- ment including organogenesis, mid brain development as welt as stem cell proliferation. Wnt signaling pathway plays different roles in the development of neuronal circuits and also in the adult brain, where it regulates synaptic transmission and plasticity. It has been also implicated in various diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, reflecting its relevance in fundamental biological pro- cesses. This review summarizes the progress about Wnts function in mature nervous system with a focus on Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）. We discuss the prospects of modulating canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling as a strategy for neuroprotection. This will include the potential of Wnts to： （i） act as potent regulators of hippocampai synapses and impact in learning and memory; （ii） regulate adult neurogenesis; and finally （iii） control AD pathogenesis.展开更多
There has been unprecedented progress in the development of biomedical nanotechnology and nanoma- terials over the past few decades, and nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems （DDSs） have great potential for clin-...There has been unprecedented progress in the development of biomedical nanotechnology and nanoma- terials over the past few decades, and nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems （DDSs） have great potential for clin- ical applications. Among these, magnetic drug delivery systems （MDDSs） based on magnetic nanoparticles （MNPs） are attracting increasing attention owing to their favor- able biocompatibility and excellent multifunctional loading capability. MDDSs primarily have a solid core of super paramagnetic maghemite （y-Fe^03） or magnetite （Fe304） nanoparticles ranging in size from 10 to 100nm. Their surface can be functionalized by organic and/or inorganic modification. Further conjugation with targeting ligands, drug loading, and MNP assembly can provide complex magnetic delivery systems with improved targeting efficacy and reduced toxicity. Owing to their sensitive response to external magnetic fields, MNPs and their assemblies have been developed as novel smart delivery systems. In this review, we first summarize the basic physicochemical and magnetic properties of desirable MDDSs that fulfill the requirements for specific clinical applications. Secondly, we discuss the surface modifications and functionalization issues that arise when designing elaborate MDDSs for future clinical uses. Finally, we highlight recent progress in the design and fabrication of MNPs, magnetic assemblies, and magnetic microbnbbles and liposomes as MDDSs for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Recently, researchers have focused on enhanced targeting efficacy and theranostics by applying step-by-step sequential treatment, and by magnetically mod- ulating dosing regimens, which are the current challenges for clinical applications.展开更多
基金support of the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through the strategic project UID/Multi/04044/2013the FCT for the doctoral grant SFRH/BD/91151/2012
文摘The most promising strategies in tissue engineering involve the integration of a triad of biomaterials, living cells, and biologically active molecules to engineer synthetic environments that closely mimic the healing milieu present in human tissues, and that stimulate tissue repair and regeneration. To be clinically effective, these environments must replicate, as closely as possible, the main characteristics of the native extracellular matrix(ECM) on a cellular and subcellular scale. Photo-fabrication techniques have already been used to generate 3D environments with precise architectures and heterogeneous composition, through a multi-layer procedure involving the selective photocrosslinking reaction of a light-sensitive prepolymer. Cells and therapeutic molecules can be included in the initial hydrogel precursor solution, and processed into 3D constructs. Recently, photofabrication has also been explored to dynamically modulate hydrogel features in real time, providing enhanced control of cell fate and delivery of bioactive compounds. This paper focuses on the use of 3D photo-fabrication techniques to produce advanced constructs for tissue regeneration and drug delivery applications. State-of-the-art photo-fabrication techniques are described, with emphasis on the operating principles and biofabrication strategies to create spatially controlled patterns of cells and bioactive factors. Considering its fast processing, spatiotemporal control, high resolution, and accuracy, photo-fabrication is assuming a critical role in the design of sophisticated 3D constructs. This technology is capable of providing appropriate environments for tissue regeneration, and regulating the spatiotemporal delivery of therapeutics.
文摘The ecological effects of land transfer are mainly around the ecological effects of land itself. One is environmental and ecological effects of land, such as flood controlling, preventing soil erosion, preventing the collapse debris, water conservation and maintenance of biodiversity and conservation of wildlife. Second, it is crop residue use of land, including： treatment of organic waste, decomposing and eliminating contaminants, regulating microclimate and air purification, maintaining and revitalizing rural communities. Third, the geographical landscape effects of land, such as providing idyllic pastures and other entertainment services. In a conclusion, there is little exploration to the ecological effects of rural land. This paper attempts to analyze the environmental problems related to the land transferring in Tongren City.
文摘Many genome editing tools have been developed and new ones are anticipated; some have been extensively applied in plant genetics, biotechnology and breeding, especially the CRISPR/Cas9 system. These technologies have opened up a new era for crop improvement due to their precise editing of user-specified sequences related to agronomic traits. In this review, we will focus on an update of recent developments in the methodologies of editing reagent delivery, and consider the pros and cons of current delivery systems. Finally, we will reflect on possible future directions.
文摘Wnts comprise a large family of proteins that have shown to be part of a signaling cascade that regulates several aspects of develop- ment including organogenesis, mid brain development as welt as stem cell proliferation. Wnt signaling pathway plays different roles in the development of neuronal circuits and also in the adult brain, where it regulates synaptic transmission and plasticity. It has been also implicated in various diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, reflecting its relevance in fundamental biological pro- cesses. This review summarizes the progress about Wnts function in mature nervous system with a focus on Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）. We discuss the prospects of modulating canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling as a strategy for neuroprotection. This will include the potential of Wnts to： （i） act as potent regulators of hippocampai synapses and impact in learning and memory; （ii） regulate adult neurogenesis; and finally （iii） control AD pathogenesis.
基金financially funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, 31370019, 61420106012)the project of National Key Basic Research Program of China (2013CB733804)+1 种基金The funding partially comes from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2242016K41072)Zhong Ying Young Scholar of Southeast University as well as the support fromthe Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
文摘There has been unprecedented progress in the development of biomedical nanotechnology and nanoma- terials over the past few decades, and nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems （DDSs） have great potential for clin- ical applications. Among these, magnetic drug delivery systems （MDDSs） based on magnetic nanoparticles （MNPs） are attracting increasing attention owing to their favor- able biocompatibility and excellent multifunctional loading capability. MDDSs primarily have a solid core of super paramagnetic maghemite （y-Fe^03） or magnetite （Fe304） nanoparticles ranging in size from 10 to 100nm. Their surface can be functionalized by organic and/or inorganic modification. Further conjugation with targeting ligands, drug loading, and MNP assembly can provide complex magnetic delivery systems with improved targeting efficacy and reduced toxicity. Owing to their sensitive response to external magnetic fields, MNPs and their assemblies have been developed as novel smart delivery systems. In this review, we first summarize the basic physicochemical and magnetic properties of desirable MDDSs that fulfill the requirements for specific clinical applications. Secondly, we discuss the surface modifications and functionalization issues that arise when designing elaborate MDDSs for future clinical uses. Finally, we highlight recent progress in the design and fabrication of MNPs, magnetic assemblies, and magnetic microbnbbles and liposomes as MDDSs for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Recently, researchers have focused on enhanced targeting efficacy and theranostics by applying step-by-step sequential treatment, and by magnetically mod- ulating dosing regimens, which are the current challenges for clinical applications.
