合同法上承诺传递迟延的制度安排

法律评价存在着量度之纬,如何让法效果和法评价之量度相协调,是方法论上的核心问题之一。承诺传递迟延场合下效果与评价关系的妥当处理,需要通过我国《合同法》第29条与第42条的配合运用来实现。由于受要约人的可归责性在《合同法》第29条中没有获得评价的空间,且该条已将法律效果设定在一定强度之上,故应当对该条的适用要件予以严格限定,限缩其适用范围。同时,应将被《合同法》第29条适用要件排除出去的情形,诸如要约人可归责性较弱,以及受要约人具有可归责性的案型,置于《合同法》第42条的规定中进行评价。

高层建筑前室加压送风系统设计优化与风量控制

高于24 m的高层建筑,其前室加压系统需对着火层及其上下2层的送风量进行控制,还需对大小2种风量及可能发生的大小风量间的切换作出快速反应。标准图15K606提供的'前室采用旁通管控制加压送风正压值原理图',仅提出前室与走道之间的压差应为25~30 Pa的控制要求,并未给出前室开门时保持门洞风速所对应的压差控制要求。为弥补标准图的不足,优化前室加压送风系统控制,提出了在所有前室增设特制的电动双风量蝶阀配合系统末端设置3个电动旁通阀的解决方案,并通过系统设计计算举例,阐述了阀门的选型方法及系统的设计逻辑。

Reference information time delay estimation and compensation in transfer alignment

To reduce the error in transfer alignment caused by reference information delay,a time delay estimation method is developed based on least-squares curve fitting of the angular rate integration.First,the gyro sensor measurements of the main strapdown inertial navigation system（M-SINS） and the slave strapdown inertial navigation system（S-SINS） are recorded for a few seconds and the integration of the data is calculated.Then,the possible maximum range of the delay value is defined and the points of the curve at different intervals are moved.The square of the differences between the corresponding points are calculated.Finally,the delay estimation can be acquired by the least-squares curve fitting of the M-SINS and the S-SINS.A delay compensation method by local data shifting is also presented.The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of delay estimation and indicate that the estimation accuracy is independent of the delay value.And the local data shifting compensation method can effectively reduce the errors of the transfer alignment caused by the reference information delay.

Decay rates and time lags of heat conduction in building construction under field conditions

The field measurements of decay rates and time lags of heat conduction in a building construction taken in Nanjing during the summer of 2001 are presented.The decay rates and time lags are calculated according to the frequency responses of the heat absorbed by the room＇s internal surfaces,inside surface temperature,indoor air temperature and outdoor synthetic temperature.The measured results match very well with the theoretical results of the zeroth and the first order values of the decay rates and time lags of heat conduction in the building construction,but the difference between the measured values and the theoretical values for the second order is too great to be accepted.It is therefore difficult to accurately test the second order value.However,it is still advisable to complete the analysis using the zeroth-and the first-orders values of the decay rates and time lags of heat conduction in building construction under field conditions,because in these cases the decay rates of heat conduction reach twenty which meets the requirements of engineering plans.

高层建筑前室加压送风系统设计与风量控制的探讨

高层建筑发生火灾时,其防烟楼梯及各类前室的加压送风系统能否按照《建筑防烟排烟系统技术标准》3.4章的要求及时、准确地运行,保证整个疏散通道的安全,事关无数人的生命安危。作为疏散通道的咽喉,前室的加压送风系统设计与风量控制尤为重要,系统风量控制的特点是控制点位多、切换频繁:对于24m以上高层建筑的前室加压系统而言,需分别控制着火层及其上下层三个前室的送风量,且每层均需对大、小两种风量及可能发生的大小风量间的切换快速作出反应。标准图15K606及自控公司提供的《前室采用旁通管控制加压送风正压值原理图》,仅显示控制系统在每层前室设置压力传感器或余压探测器,并依其偏差信号调节旁通风阀的开度,使上述三层前室的正压值达到规定的“25Pa^30Pa”。但都没有前室开门时相应的压差控制要求。为克服上述控制系统固有的、且无法逾越的传递迟延,优化前室加压送风系统,本文提出了在所有前室增设电动双风量蝶阀配合系统末端设置三个电动旁通阀的解决方案。

Determination of delay time in individual transfer function for central aortic pressure reconstruction

In previous research, time-delay （△t） was a more important parameter than the reflection coefficient in the individual transfer function of central aortic pressure reconstruction. The At can be obtained by electrocardiography （ECG） or phonocardiography （PCG）. Because the pre-ejection period remains an uncertain factor, the present study used ECG and PCG to define the delay time and analyzed the accuracy of the reconstruction results. The △tpre is the actual delay time derived from the aorta to the carotid pressure wave, △tpco is the time delay between the aortic valve component of the second heart sound and the dicrotic incisura of the carotid pressure wave, and AtEcc represents the delay from the interval of the ECG R-peak to the foot of the carotid pressure wave. Compared with the measured aortic pressure, the reconstruction result obtained by △t=△tpcslightly differed from the best result estimated by △t=△tpre. However, the differences between the result obtained by △t=△tEco and the best result were significant in terms of the diastolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure, and especially in terms of the augmentation index and root-mean-square-error. Thus, the At should be determined by PCG for central aortic pressure reconstruction in practice.