Donation after cardio-circulatory death liver transplantation

The renewed interest in donation after cardio-circulatory death (DCD) started in the 1990s following the limited success of the transplant community to expand the donation after brain-death (DBD) organ supply and following the request of potential DCD families. Since then, DCD organ procurement and transplantation activities have rapidly expanded, particularly for nonvital organs, like kidneys. In liver transplantation (LT), DCD donors are a valuable organ source that helps to decrease the mortality rate on the waiting lists and to increase the availability of organs for transplantation despite a higher risk of early graft dysfunction, more frequent vascular and ischemia-type biliary lesions, higher rates of re-listing and re-transplantation and lower graft survival, which are obviously due to theinevitable warm ischemia occurring during the declaration of death and organ retrieval process. Experimental strategies intervening in both donors and recipients at different phases of the transplantation process have focused on the attenuation of ischemia-reperfusion injury and already gained encouraging results, and some of them have found their way from pre-clinical success into clinical reality. The future of DCD-LT is promising. Concerted efforts should concentrate on the identification of suitable donors (probably Maastricht category Ⅲ DCD donors), better donor and recipient matching (high risk donors to low risk recipients), use of advanced organ preservation techniques (oxygenated hypothermic machine perfusion, normothermic machine perfusion, venous systemic oxygen persufflation), and pharmacological modulation (probably a multi-factorial biologic modulation strategy) so that DCD liver allografts could be safely utilized and attain equivalent results as DBD-LT.

Primary study on anther culture of balsum pear for callus and organ formation

The balsum pear （Momordica charantia L. ） anthers in the monokaryotic stage of microspore development were cultured in this experiment. Different Plant growth regulators＇ combinations, base media and carbon sources were studied for callus formation and organ differentiation from balsum pear anthers. The result showed that the best media for callus inducement was： MS＋BA 0.5 mg/L＋NAA 0.2 mg/L＋ 2, 4-D 0.5 mg/L＋KT 2.0 mg/L, with 3% sugar and 0.8% agar. The best media to induce roots from balsum pear anther callus was： MS＋NAA 0.05 rag/L＋ KT 0.5 rag/L, with 3% sugar and 0.8% agar. Most of adventitious roots from callus were triploid（2N=3X=33）

Influences of antibiotics on plantlet regeneration via organogenesis in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)

Three antibiotics ampicillin, carbenicillin, and cefotaxime were evaluated for their effects on induction, growth, and differentiation of organogenic calli, as well as rooting of regenerated shoots of three loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) genotypes. Of the antibiotics administered, cefotaxime maximally increased the frequency of callus formation and growth rate of organogenic calli, carbenicillin maximally increased the frequency of shoot regeneration and the average number of adventitious shoots per piece of organogenic callus, ampicillin maximally decreased the rooting frequency of regenerated shoots and mean number of roots per regenerated shoot, in comparison with antibiotic-free media. Compared with the control, ampicillin minimally increased the frequency of callus formation, cefotaxime minimally increased the frequency of shoot regeneration, and carbenicillin mini-mally decreased the rooting frequency of regenerated shoots in three loblolly pine genotypes tested. All three antibiotics in-creased the frequencies of callus formation and shoot regeneration, and reduced the rooting frequency of regenerated shoots suggested that the establishment of an efficient Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation protocol for stable integra-tion of foreign genes into loblolly pine need to select a suitable antibiotic. This investigation could be useful for optimizing genetic transformation of conifers.

Mechanisms of multiple organ damages in acute necrotizing pancreatitis

Abstract:Objective To determine the role of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and evaluate the progress from SIRS to MODS and the therapeutic strategies for acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP).Methods Rat ANP models were made by retrograde injection of 3.5% sodium taurocholate 2.5?ml/kg into the pancreatic duct. Serum interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), amylase, endotoxin, and albumin were examined. The morphology and pathology of the pancreas, liver, lung, kidney and heart after ANP were observed. Finally, TNFα mRNA in the liver, lung, kidney and heart after ANP were observed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions, and the efficiency of somatostatin and growth hormone were also observed in this experiment.Results ANP led to remarkable elevation of the inflammatory mediators which were positively correlated with the development of ANP and MODS. Somatostatin and growth hormone inhibited inflammatory mediators and TNFα mRNA overexpressions, reduced the risk of MODS, corrected hypoalbuminemia, reversed negative nitrogen balance, and controlled the reduction of cell groups with functions and reasonably intervened SIRS caused by ANP.Conclusion TNFα mRNA plays an important role in ANP progression. The amelioration of ANP by combination treatment with somatostatin and growth hormone leads to the reduction of complications and marked increase in survival.

信“生辰八字”拆散美满婚姻

在科学昌明的今天，社会上仍然有一些荒唐愚昧的人把人成名成家立业的希望寄托在“大仙”身上．特别是婚姻上按属相“生辰八字”合婚，使许多青年男女的合理婚姻受到不应有的干预，甚至发生不该发生的悲剧。在我市某一村就发生了这样一个真实的故事。

Pancreatic enzymes in the gut contributing to lung injury after trauma/hemorrhagic shock

Objective: To examine whether pancreatic proteolytic enzymes involve in lung injury induced by trauma/hemorrhagic shock (T/HS). Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats received intraluminal or intravenous pancreatic serine protease inhibitor, 6 amidino 2 naphthyl p guanidinobenzoate dimethanesulfate (ANGD) during laparotomy (trauma), and were subjected to 90 minutes of T/HS or trauma sham shock (T/SS). Degree of lung injury was assessed 3 hours after resuscitation with Ringer’s lactate solution. Results: Lung permeability, pulmonary myeloperoxidase levels and the ratio of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein to plasma protein increased after T/HS, and significantly decreased in intraluminal ANGD treated but not in intravenous ANGD treated rats. Histological analysis demonstrated fewer injured villi in the intraluminal ANGD treated rats compared with those in the control rats. Linear regression analysis revealed that the percentage of injured ileal mucosal villi directly related to pulmonary polymorphic neutrophil sequestration and lung permeability to Evans blue dye. Conclusions: Pancreatic proteolytic enzymes in the ischemic gut may be important toxic factors contributing to lung injury after T/HS.

Serum zinc level is associated with liver dysfunction caused by white smoke inhalation

Background:White smoke bomb exposure in the military setting could result in organ injuries,which is uncommon and has been rarely described in previous studies.The aim of this study is to observe whether serum zinc levels are associated with liver function after white smoke inhalation.Methods:Fifteen patients with white smoke exposure were the subjects in this study.The clinical manifestations,liver function tests and the serum zinc levels were analysed.Results:The level of serum zinc was increased in the moderate or severe group(n=4)compared with that in the mild group(n=11).The four cases in the moderate or severe group had delayed impairment of liver function with an elevation of alanine transaminase.Additionally,increased blood concentrations of hyaluronic acid were found in three patients in the moderate or severe group.But no hexachloroethane or trichloropropane was detected.Conclusion:This study suggested that serum zinc levels may be associated with the severity of liver injuries after white smoke inhalation.