Callus Induction and Cell Suspension Culture of Eggplant(Solanum melongena L.)

[Objective] The aim of this article is to establish a cell suspension culture system for eggplant. [Method] Using orthogonal design, appropriate media were screened for callus induction, subculture and cell suspension culture. [Result] The appropriate medium for callus induction was MS supplemented with 0.2 mg/L 6-BA and 0.2 mg/L NAA; the appropriate subculture medium was MS supplemented with0.2 mg/L 6-BA, 0.2 mg/L NAA, and 0.1 mg/L KT; the suitable medium for cell suspension culture was liquid MS medium supplemented with 0.4 mg/L NAA and 0.2mg/L. Cell growth curve was similar to ＂S＂ shape in the above suspension medium.The cell growth included four phases, the initial phase（1-3 d）, the logarithmic phase（3-7 d）, the steady phase（7-8 d）, and the decline phase（8-11 d）. With the increasing culture time, the number of suspension cells increased, and it reached the maximum value at the 7thd, about 3.8 ×105cells/ml. Then the number of cells began to decline rapidly. The cell vigor was the highest at the initial phase. Suspension cells grew best in the liquid MS medium supplemented with NAA（0.4 mg/L）and 6-BA（0.2 mg/L）. The mitotic index reached the maximum, about 4.1% in the above medium, which suggested that this medium was suitable for cell suspension culture of eggplant. [Conclusion] Cell suspension culture system of eggplant provides a significant method for eggplant biotechnology. Genetic transformation and mutants screening can be carried out with this system.

青衫秋浦别--深入解读《琵琶行》

任何个人在时代面前都是渺小的,但个人可以是时代的创造者,也可以是时代的推动者,或者是时代的改革者。每一个人都希望生在最好的时代,如果不能,那亲自就改变时代。白居易正是这样的人,其生也晚矣——他不幸出生在了唐代这个伟大时代的中后期,当他来到都城长安的时候,那个伟大的盛世已经衰落了,他满目所见的是:民生困苦,官吏盘剥,权利分裂,统治黑暗,但统治阶级生活奢靡,为了保持既得利益,不惜阴谋、暗杀、诬陷、打击、排挤。一个秉持儒家“知其不可为为之”思想,以改革时代为己任的诗人,处在这样的时代,他必然是走在时代的最前沿,奋力的以笔为剑,与黑暗展开殊死斗争。当然有斗争就有可能失败,白居易的斗争以他被贬为九江司马而告结束。他斗争的失败,不是因为对手过于强大,而是由于本应与之统一战线的队友的放弃。唐宪宗放弃了与之并肩战斗,任由掌权的宦官集团和旧官僚集团打击迫害白居易,白居易知道自己为之奋斗的时代结束了,自己向往的大唐盛世不可能再出现了。《琵琶行》就是白居易感伤时代永远失去的一首悲歌。

Flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams with high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites

This article presents an experimental study on the flexural performance of reinforced concrete(RC)beams with fiber reinforced cementitious composites(FRCC)and hybrid fiber reinforced cementitious composites(HFRCC)in the hinge portion.Beam specimens with moderate confinement were used in the study and tested under monotonic loading.Seven diverse types of FRCC including hybrid composites using fibers in different profiles and in different volumes are employed in this study.Companion specimens such as cylindrical specimens and prism specimens are also used to study the physical properties of composites employed.The moment?curvature,stiffness behavior,ductility,crack pattern and modified flexural damage ratio are the main factors considered in this study to observe the efficacy of the employed hybrid composites.The experimental outputs demonstrate the improved post yield behavior with less rate of stiffness degradation and better damage tolerance capacity than conventional technique.

Properties of failure mode and thermal damage for limestone at high temperature

The mechanical properties of limestone such as the stress-strain curve, the variable characteristics of peak strength and the modulus of elasticity of limestone were studied under the action of temperatures ranging from room temperature to 800 °C.Our results show that:1) the temperature has not clear effect on the mechanical properties of limestone from room temperature to 600 °C.However, the mechanical properties of limestone deteriorate rapidly when the temperature is above 600 °C.In this case, the peak stress and modulus of elasticity decrease rapidly.When the temperature reaches 800 °C, the entire process, showing the stress-strain curve is displayed indicating an obvious state of plastic-deformation;2) the failure mode of limestone shows the breakdown of tensile strength from room temperature to 600 °C, as well as the compress shearing damage over 600 °C;3) combining our test results with the concept of thermal damage, a thermal damage equation was derived.

Three-Step Damage Identification Method Based on Dynamic Characteristics

A three-step damage identification method based on dynamic characteristics is proposed to improve the structure reliability and security and avoid serious accident. In the proposed method, the frequency and difference of modal curvature(DMC) are used as damage indexes. Firstly, the detection of the occurrence of damage is addressed by the frequency or the square of frequency change. Then the damage location inside the structure is measured by the DMC. Finally, with the stiffness reduction rate as a damage factor, the amount of damage is estimated by the optimization algorithm. The three-step damage identification method has been validated by conducting the simulation on a cantilever beam and the shaking table test on a submerged bridge. The results show that the method proposed in this paper can effectively solve the damage identification problem in theory and engineering practice.

Liquid metal as reconnection agent for peripheral nerve injury

This study demonstrated an unconventional way to cure peripheral nerve injury(PNI) with liquid metal gallium employed as the reconnection agent. In vivo experiments were performed, in which transected sciatic nerve of mouse was reconnected by liquid metal gallium.The nerve signals detected was found to be almost the same as those from the complete nerve, where the negative bursting firing caused by PNI was absent on the neural discharge curve after nerve-reconnection surgery. Meanwhile the atrophy tendency of gastrocnemius muscle was distinctly procrastinated according to the results of pathological examinations, which showed fibrillation potentials emerged immediately for mice with PNI but did not emerge until the third month for those received nerve-reconnection surgery. Furthermore, physical properties of gallium were studied, showing that its impedance was slightly influenced by the frequency of transmitted signal and the temperature, which confirmed the stability of gallium in future clinical usage. This technology is expected to perform well in clinical surgery for PNI and even central nervous system injury in the coming time.

Soft tissue distraction using pentagonal frame for long- standing traumatic flexion deformity of interphalangeal joints

Objective： Interphalangeal joint con- tracture is a challenging complication of hand trauma, which reduces the functional capacity of the entire hand. In this study we evaluated the results of soft tissue distraction with no collateral ligament transection or volar plate removal in comparison with traditional operation of contracture re- lease and partial ligament transection and volar plate removal. Methods： In this prospective study, a total of 40 pa- tients in two equal groups （A and B） were studied. Patients suffering from chronic flexion contracture of abrasive trau- matic nature were included. Group A were treated by soft tissue distraction using pentagonal frame technique and in Group B the contracture release was followed by finger splinting. Results： Analyzed data revealed a significant differ- ence between the two groups for range of motion in the proximal interphalangeal joints （P〈0.05）, while it was not meaningful in the distal interphalangeal joints （P〉0.05）. There was not a significant difference in the degrees of flexion contracture between groups （P〉0.05）. Regression analysis showed that using pentagonal frame technique significantly increased the mean improvement in range of motion of proxi- mal interphalangeal joints （P〈0.001）, while the higher the preoperative flexion contracture was observed in proximal interphalangeal joints, the lower improvement was achieved in range of motion of proximal interphalangeal joints after intervention （P〈0.001）. Conclusion： Soft tissue distraction using pentagonal frame technique with gradual and continuous collateral liga- ment and surrounding joint tissues distraction combined with skin Z-plasty significantly improves the range of mo- tion in patients with chronic traumatic flexion deformity of proximal and/or distal interphalangeal joints.