Approximately 20% of patients with acute pancreatitis develop a severe disease associated with complications and high risk of mortality. The purpose of this study is to review pathogenesis and prognostic factors of se...Approximately 20% of patients with acute pancreatitis develop a severe disease associated with complications and high risk of mortality. The purpose of this study is to review pathogenesis and prognostic factors of severe acute pancreatitis （SAP）. An extensive medline search was undertaken with focusing on pathogenesis, complications and prognostic evaluation of SAP. Cytokines and other inflammatory markers play a major role in the pathogenesis and course of SAP and can be used as prognostic markers in its early phase. Other markers such as simple prognostic scores have been found to be as e^ective as multifactorial scoring systems （MFSS） at 48 h with the advantage of simplicity, efficacy, low cost, accuracy and early prediction of SAP. Recently, several laboratory markers including hematocrit, blood urea nitrogen （BUN）, creatinine, matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9） and serum amyloid A （SAA） have been used as early predictors of severity within the first 24 h. The last few years have witnessed a tremendous progress in understanding the pathogenesis and predicting the outcome of SAP. In this review we classified the prognostic markers into predictors of severity, pancreatic necrosis （PN）, infected PN （IPN） and mortality.展开更多
Due to its high incidence, high disability rate, and high mortality rate, traumatic brain injury （TBI） poses a serious threat to human health. This manuscript describes the urgent problems currently existing in Chin...Due to its high incidence, high disability rate, and high mortality rate, traumatic brain injury （TBI） poses a serious threat to human health. This manuscript describes the urgent problems currently existing in China＇s TBI treatment and proposes a scheme of a nationwide collaboration platform for the treatment of TBI so as to improve the overall level of TBl treatment in China, and reduce disability and mortality rates in TBI patients.展开更多
Objective： Road traffic crashes （RTCs） are considered to be the second highest cause of mortality in Iran. The purpose of this study was to describe the morbidity and mortality of RTC during 2003-2008.Methods： Dat...Objective： Road traffic crashes （RTCs） are considered to be the second highest cause of mortality in Iran. The purpose of this study was to describe the morbidity and mortality of RTC during 2003-2008.Methods： Data were got from national health sources of Iran. These data included population, the number of RTCs,consequent fatalities, cause and place of death from 2003 to 2008.Results： RTC incidence rate increased from 868.5 per 100 000 population in the year 2003 to 1 643.6 in 2008. A total of 2 565 deaths from RTC were recorded in Yazd from 2003 to 2008. RTC mortality rate increased from 46.1 per 100 000 population in 2003 to 46.9 in 2006, then declined to 38.8 in 2008. During this time period, overall traffic injury incidence per 100 000 population increased from 368.8 in 2003 to 647.9 in 2006, then declined to 527.9 in 2008. Head injuries were the most common cause of road traffic-related mortality from 2003 to 2008. Following road traffic accidents, most of the deaths occurred before arriving hospital.Conclusions： Road traffic crash-related mortality and morbidity in Yazd in the recent six years are increased, but decreased in the last two years. This decline is most probably the result of a variety of interventions, including laws,police enforcement, improvements in traffic and transport,health care resources and media and public education.展开更多
To elucidate the epidemiological characteristics and to define some preventive strategies for fall injury (FI). Methods: The medical records of patients admitted following a fall from a certain height between August...To elucidate the epidemiological characteristics and to define some preventive strategies for fall injury (FI). Methods: The medical records of patients admitted following a fall from a certain height between August 1996 and July 1997 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: A total of 138 patients were assessed, with a mortality of 31.2 %. The male to female ratio was 3.5 :1. The persons between 20 and 59 years old were the main victims ( 81.8 %), of which 52.2 % were related with their work altitude. The remaining adults fall because of, accidents in daily life, suicide attempts, drug abuse, alcohol, or criminal behavior. There were significant differences between the death group and the survival group in the Revised Trauma Score (RTS) and the Injury Severity Score (ISS) value (P< 0.05 and P< 0.01 , respectively). Six children fall from balconies, open windows or roofs. There were significant differences for the height of fall and RTS value in aged group than those in children, adolescents, and adults (P< 0.001 , 0.005 , 0.05 ; and P< 0.05 , 0.01 , 0.05 , respectively). The mortality of FI was significantly correlated to the height of fall (r= 0.897 , P< 0.005 ). Conclusions: Male adults are the main victims, especially the workers at high altitudes. The mortality of FI is significantly correlated to the height of fall. The preventive strategies developed through analyzing the risk factors of fall in different age groups might reduce the injuries and deaths following fall.展开更多
Objective： To investigate the prevalence of mobile phone and seat belt use in driving in college students aged 18-24 years. Methods： The study consisted of two phases. In the first phase, a questionnaire was given ...Objective： To investigate the prevalence of mobile phone and seat belt use in driving in college students aged 18-24 years. Methods： The study consisted of two phases. In the first phase, a questionnaire was given to 265 college students. The sample contained 188 males and 77 females. In the second phase, the data pertaining to road accident injuries from March 20, 2007 to March 20, 2008 were collected from Bahonar Central Hospital in Kerman, Iran, and analyzed. Results： There were 14.0% of male and 19.0% of female participants traveled belted while driving on urban roads. It indicated that the participants unbelted or using mobile phone were more involved in accidents in last threeyears. This study also revealed that 19.0% of male and 4.2% of female drivers considered using mobile phone in driving not hazardous. The highest injury and property damage crash rates were 87 and 137 per 100 000 inhabitants, which occured in male group aged 18-24 years. And 30% of all fatalities were 19-24 years old. Conclusions： More than 50% ofcoUege students traveled unbelted. The females were less involved in road accident injuries. The college students aged 18-24 years had the highest percentages of trauma and head injury.展开更多
文摘Approximately 20% of patients with acute pancreatitis develop a severe disease associated with complications and high risk of mortality. The purpose of this study is to review pathogenesis and prognostic factors of severe acute pancreatitis （SAP）. An extensive medline search was undertaken with focusing on pathogenesis, complications and prognostic evaluation of SAP. Cytokines and other inflammatory markers play a major role in the pathogenesis and course of SAP and can be used as prognostic markers in its early phase. Other markers such as simple prognostic scores have been found to be as e^ective as multifactorial scoring systems （MFSS） at 48 h with the advantage of simplicity, efficacy, low cost, accuracy and early prediction of SAP. Recently, several laboratory markers including hematocrit, blood urea nitrogen （BUN）, creatinine, matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9） and serum amyloid A （SAA） have been used as early predictors of severity within the first 24 h. The last few years have witnessed a tremendous progress in understanding the pathogenesis and predicting the outcome of SAP. In this review we classified the prognostic markers into predictors of severity, pancreatic necrosis （PN）, infected PN （IPN） and mortality.
基金This work was supported by the research grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81171144, No. 81471238）.
文摘Due to its high incidence, high disability rate, and high mortality rate, traumatic brain injury （TBI） poses a serious threat to human health. This manuscript describes the urgent problems currently existing in China＇s TBI treatment and proposes a scheme of a nationwide collaboration platform for the treatment of TBI so as to improve the overall level of TBl treatment in China, and reduce disability and mortality rates in TBI patients.
文摘Objective： Road traffic crashes （RTCs） are considered to be the second highest cause of mortality in Iran. The purpose of this study was to describe the morbidity and mortality of RTC during 2003-2008.Methods： Data were got from national health sources of Iran. These data included population, the number of RTCs,consequent fatalities, cause and place of death from 2003 to 2008.Results： RTC incidence rate increased from 868.5 per 100 000 population in the year 2003 to 1 643.6 in 2008. A total of 2 565 deaths from RTC were recorded in Yazd from 2003 to 2008. RTC mortality rate increased from 46.1 per 100 000 population in 2003 to 46.9 in 2006, then declined to 38.8 in 2008. During this time period, overall traffic injury incidence per 100 000 population increased from 368.8 in 2003 to 647.9 in 2006, then declined to 527.9 in 2008. Head injuries were the most common cause of road traffic-related mortality from 2003 to 2008. Following road traffic accidents, most of the deaths occurred before arriving hospital.Conclusions： Road traffic crash-related mortality and morbidity in Yazd in the recent six years are increased, but decreased in the last two years. This decline is most probably the result of a variety of interventions, including laws,police enforcement, improvements in traffic and transport,health care resources and media and public education.
文摘To elucidate the epidemiological characteristics and to define some preventive strategies for fall injury (FI). Methods: The medical records of patients admitted following a fall from a certain height between August 1996 and July 1997 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: A total of 138 patients were assessed, with a mortality of 31.2 %. The male to female ratio was 3.5 :1. The persons between 20 and 59 years old were the main victims ( 81.8 %), of which 52.2 % were related with their work altitude. The remaining adults fall because of, accidents in daily life, suicide attempts, drug abuse, alcohol, or criminal behavior. There were significant differences between the death group and the survival group in the Revised Trauma Score (RTS) and the Injury Severity Score (ISS) value (P< 0.05 and P< 0.01 , respectively). Six children fall from balconies, open windows or roofs. There were significant differences for the height of fall and RTS value in aged group than those in children, adolescents, and adults (P< 0.001 , 0.005 , 0.05 ; and P< 0.05 , 0.01 , 0.05 , respectively). The mortality of FI was significantly correlated to the height of fall (r= 0.897 , P< 0.005 ). Conclusions: Male adults are the main victims, especially the workers at high altitudes. The mortality of FI is significantly correlated to the height of fall. The preventive strategies developed through analyzing the risk factors of fall in different age groups might reduce the injuries and deaths following fall.
文摘Objective： To investigate the prevalence of mobile phone and seat belt use in driving in college students aged 18-24 years. Methods： The study consisted of two phases. In the first phase, a questionnaire was given to 265 college students. The sample contained 188 males and 77 females. In the second phase, the data pertaining to road accident injuries from March 20, 2007 to March 20, 2008 were collected from Bahonar Central Hospital in Kerman, Iran, and analyzed. Results： There were 14.0% of male and 19.0% of female participants traveled belted while driving on urban roads. It indicated that the participants unbelted or using mobile phone were more involved in accidents in last threeyears. This study also revealed that 19.0% of male and 4.2% of female drivers considered using mobile phone in driving not hazardous. The highest injury and property damage crash rates were 87 and 137 per 100 000 inhabitants, which occured in male group aged 18-24 years. And 30% of all fatalities were 19-24 years old. Conclusions： More than 50% ofcoUege students traveled unbelted. The females were less involved in road accident injuries. The college students aged 18-24 years had the highest percentages of trauma and head injury.
