Natural landscapes consist of the natural substances, environment, and phenomena, all of which provide many benefits to people, including a sense of place, sightseeing, relaxing, and recuperating. However, the economi...Natural landscapes consist of the natural substances, environment, and phenomena, all of which provide many benefits to people, including a sense of place, sightseeing, relaxing, and recuperating. However, the economic value of natural landscapes has only been recognized in recent decades, and the resulting large-scale decline and degradation of ecosystems now severely threatens the sustainable provision of their services to society. There is an emerging consensus that natural capital should be incorporated into the current socioeconomic accounting system. Many studies valuated natural resources at local and regional scales, but there are very few empirical studies at a national level. To provide a benchmark for natural landscape management on a national scale, we use the travel cost method(TCM) and the contingent valuation method(CVM) to determine the economic value and the spatial distribution of natural landscapes across China. Our results show that the total economic value of China′s natural landscape was 9.75 × 10^(11) U.S. dollars(USD) in 2012. Of this value, the highest proportion was in the eastern and southwestern regions of China, which accounts for 23.7% and 18.3%, respectively. The provinces of Guangdong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, and Heilongjiang were the top five in terms of the largest number of natural landscapes and largest economic values. Together, these five provinces accounted for 32.9% of the total number of natural landscapes and 29.4% of the total economic value in 2012. We believe this study will increase awareness of the value of natural landscapes, and more importantly provide a scientific basis for resolving conflicts between development and resource conservation.展开更多
The framework of forest valuation accounting has been formed through the development stages of timber value calculation, forest ecosystem valuation and entire value accounting of forest resources, including the forest...The framework of forest valuation accounting has been formed through the development stages of timber value calculation, forest ecosystem valuation and entire value accounting of forest resources, including the forest values of resources in kind, environmental resources and social benefits in China. These theory and methods still face deviation of theories and methods from vague position of discipline, larger accounting results from ignoring differences between forest ecological functions and ecosystem services, and unrealistic and other problems from non-standard index system and accounting methods due to the development history and other reasons. Five suggestions are proposed to make explicit the object and purpose of the forest resource value accounting, establish universal, scientific, measurable and concise index system for value evaluation, calculate forest resources value in consideration of forest type and position, distinguish accurately the functions from benefits of the forest resources, and suit value calculation result to the practice of social economy.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Science and Technology Support Program(No.2011BAC09B08-02)
文摘Natural landscapes consist of the natural substances, environment, and phenomena, all of which provide many benefits to people, including a sense of place, sightseeing, relaxing, and recuperating. However, the economic value of natural landscapes has only been recognized in recent decades, and the resulting large-scale decline and degradation of ecosystems now severely threatens the sustainable provision of their services to society. There is an emerging consensus that natural capital should be incorporated into the current socioeconomic accounting system. Many studies valuated natural resources at local and regional scales, but there are very few empirical studies at a national level. To provide a benchmark for natural landscape management on a national scale, we use the travel cost method(TCM) and the contingent valuation method(CVM) to determine the economic value and the spatial distribution of natural landscapes across China. Our results show that the total economic value of China′s natural landscape was 9.75 × 10^(11) U.S. dollars(USD) in 2012. Of this value, the highest proportion was in the eastern and southwestern regions of China, which accounts for 23.7% and 18.3%, respectively. The provinces of Guangdong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, and Heilongjiang were the top five in terms of the largest number of natural landscapes and largest economic values. Together, these five provinces accounted for 32.9% of the total number of natural landscapes and 29.4% of the total economic value in 2012. We believe this study will increase awareness of the value of natural landscapes, and more importantly provide a scientific basis for resolving conflicts between development and resource conservation.
文摘The framework of forest valuation accounting has been formed through the development stages of timber value calculation, forest ecosystem valuation and entire value accounting of forest resources, including the forest values of resources in kind, environmental resources and social benefits in China. These theory and methods still face deviation of theories and methods from vague position of discipline, larger accounting results from ignoring differences between forest ecological functions and ecosystem services, and unrealistic and other problems from non-standard index system and accounting methods due to the development history and other reasons. Five suggestions are proposed to make explicit the object and purpose of the forest resource value accounting, establish universal, scientific, measurable and concise index system for value evaluation, calculate forest resources value in consideration of forest type and position, distinguish accurately the functions from benefits of the forest resources, and suit value calculation result to the practice of social economy.
