功能训练康复护理措施对下肢创伤骨折患者术后膝关节功能优良率、伸屈度及肌力、并发症发生率的影响

评价功能训练康复护理措施对下肢创伤骨折患者术后膝关节功能优良率、伸屈度及肌力、并发症发生率的影响。方法 选取我院2021年4月-2022年6月收治的96例下肢创伤骨折手术患者,电脑随机分为观察组(常规护理措施)、对照组(功能训练康复护理措施),各48例。结果 从膝关节功能优良率来看,观察组为89.58%较对照组的45.83%高(P<0.05)。从伸屈度及肌力来看,观察组较对照组相比,得到显著改善(P<0.05)。从并发症发生率来看,观察组为4.17%较对照组的18.75%低(P<0.05)。结论 功能训练康复护理措施对下肢创伤骨折患者的应用具有积极意义,可提升患者术后膝关节功能,改善伸屈度及肌力,降低并发症发生率,值得推广。

Influence of temperature on tensile behavior and deformation mechanism of Re-containing single crystal superalloy

Tensile properties of a Re-containing single crystal superalloy were determined within the temperature range from 20 to 1 100 ℃with a constant strain rate of 1.67 ×10^-4 s^-1.From room temperature to 600 ℃,the yield strength increases slightly with increasing temperature.The yield strength decreases to aminimum at 760 ℃,while a maximum is reached dramatically at 800 ℃.The elongation and area reduction decrease gradually from room temperature to 800 ℃.Above 800 ℃,the yield strength decreases significantly with increasing temperature.The γ＇ phase is sheared by antiphase boundary （APB） below 600 ℃while elongated SSF （superlattice stacking fault） is left in γ＇ as debris.At 760 ℃the γ＇ phase is sheared by a/3 112 superpartial dislocation,which causes decrease of yield strength due to low energy of SSF.Above 800 ℃dislocations overcome γ＇ through by-passing mechanism.

Microstructure and tensile properties of AE42-based magnesium alloys with calcium addition

The as-cast microstructure of AE42 was of typical dendritic and composed of the a matrix and some needle-shaped interphases Al11RE3. A small mount of Ca addition results in significant microstructural refinement and formation of a Al2Ca phase, which showed two kinds of morphologies, lamellar and tiny granular. The former distributes on grain boundaries and the later is within the matrix grains. With the increase of Ca addition the volume fraction of Al-RE compound (Al11RE3) decreases, but Al2Ca increases. Addition of Ca causes a significant increase of yield strength of the alloy both at ambient and elevated temperatures, but a little decrease of the ductility. With calcium addition the ultimate strength decreases at ambient temperature and 150°t, but increases at 175°C and 200°C.

Influence of impurities on damping properties of ZK60 magnesium alloy

The influence of impurities on damping capacities of ZK60 magnesium alloys in the as-cast,as-extruded and T4-treated states was investigated by dynamically mechanical analyzer at room temperature.Granato and Lucke dislocation pinning model was employed to explain damping properties of the alloys.It is found that reducing impurity content can decrease the amount of second-phase particles,increase grain size and improve damping capacity of the as-cast alloy slightly.The as-extruded alloy with lower impurity content is found to possess obviously higher damping capacity in the relatively high strain region than that with higher impurity concentration,which appears to originate mainly from different dislocation characteristics.The variation tendency of damping property with change of impurity content after solution-treatment is also similar to that in the as-extruded and as-cast states. Meanwhile,the purification of the alloy results in an evident improvement in tensile yield strength in the as-extruded state.

Strengthening and stress drop of ultrafine grain aluminum after annealing

Ultrafine grain pure aluminum was produced by equal channel angular pressing and cold rolling, the deformed aluminum was annealed at 200 ℃ for 1 h. The tensile curves of deformed and annealed aluminum show that yield strength of deformed aluminum increases by 100%-300% and its elongation decreases by about 20%. After low temperature annealing, strength of annealed aluminum increases by 20% and elongation decreases by over 50%, the recovery of dislocations may be the main cause of annealing strengthening. In addition, there is an abrupt stress drop in the tensile curves of annealed aluminum and the formation of shear band is responsible for it.

Semi-solid near-net shape rheocasting of heat treatable wrought aluminum alloys

Flexibility of the CSIR-RCS, induction stirring with simultaneous air cooling process, in combination with high pressure die casting is successfully demonstrated by semi-solid rheocasting of plates performed on commercial 2024, 6082 and 7075 wrought aluminum alloys. Tensile properties were measured for the above mentioned rheocast wrought aluminum alloys in the T6 condition. The results showed that tensile properties were close to or even in some cases exceeded the minimum specifications. The yield strength and elongation of rheocast 2024-T6 exceeded the minimum requirements of the wrought alloy in the T6 condition but the ultimate tensile strength achieved only 90% of the specification because the Mg content of the starting alloy was below the commercial alloy specification. The strengths of rheocast 6082-T6 exceeded all of the wrought alloy T6 strength targets but the elongation only managed 36% of the required minimum due to porosity, caused by incipient melting during solution heat treatment, and the presence of fine intermetallie needles in the eutectic. The yield strength of rheocast 7075 exceeded the required one and the ultimate tensile strength also managed 97% of the specification; while the elongation only reached 46% of the minimum requirement also due to incipient melting porosity caused during the solution heat treatment process.

Microstructures and mechanical properties of extruded Mg-1Mn-3.5Y and Mg-1Mn-1Y-2.5Nd alloys

Both Mg-1Mn-3.5Y and Mg-1Mn-1Y-2.5Nd alloys（mass fraction,%）were extruded at 380？C.Most of the（10^-10） crystal planes in the Mg-1Mn-3.5Y alloy are parallel to the normal direction,while most of the（10^-11）crystal planes in the Mg-1Mn-1Y-2.5Nd alloy are parallel to the normal direction.The tensile tests at room temperature,100℃ and 200℃ show that the Mg-1Mn-3.5Y alloy exhibits higher yield strength,but lower elongation to failure as compared with the Mg-1Mn-1Y-2.5Nd alloy. These differences in the tensile mechanical properties between the two alloys are mainly attributed to their different texture types and amount and distribution of the Mg24Y5 precipitates.The serration flow behavior is observed in the Mg-1Mn-1Y-2.5Nd alloy at 200℃,but does not occur in the Mg-1Mn-3.5Y alloy.The Mg-1Mn-3.5Y alloy shows the cleavage fracture mode,while the Mg-1Mn-1Y-2.5Nd alloy exhibits the dimple fracture mode.

镜像疗法在脑卒中后下肢运动功能康复中的作用

目的观察脑卒中后下肢运动功能康复中采取镜像疗法的临床效果。方法将2016年1月至2017年12月康复科收治的脑卒中后下肢运动功能障碍患者110例,按随机数字表法分成对照组(55例)与镜像组(55例)。对照组采取常规康复训练,镜像组采取镜像疗法。完成2个月的康复训练后,比较两组患者干预前、后的运动功能评定、下肢功能评分、膝关节功能评分、肌力、伸屈度、日常生活中平衡情况及在康复过程中发生的并发症情况。结果两组患者康复干预前上、下肢Fugl-Meyer评分、日常生活活动能力(ADL)评分、下肢功能评分、肌力、伸屈度和简易平衡评定系统测试(mini-BESTest)评分相比差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。康复干预后,两组患者上、下肢Fugl-Meyer评分、ADL评分、肌力、伸屈度和mini-BESTest评分均较干预前明显上升,且镜像组明显高于对照组(P均<0.01);两组下肢功能评分较干预前下降,且镜像组明显低于对照组(P均<0.01)。在康复治疗过程中,镜像组并发症发生率明显低于对照组(1.82%vs 14.55%,χ^2=4.3560,P=0.0369)。结论在脑卒中后下肢运动障碍患者中,采取镜像疗法的康复干预,在改善患者运动功能、下肢功能与膝关节功能,提高患者下肢肌力与伸屈度,优化患者日常生活中平衡情况,降低康复过程中并发症的发生方面,较常规康复训练效果更理想。