The paper presents a kind of transmission system which employs M-ary Position Phase Shift Keying(MPPSK) to send data and Phase Locked Loop(PLL) based techniques for data retrieve.With a single PLL, MPPSK demodulation ...The paper presents a kind of transmission system which employs M-ary Position Phase Shift Keying(MPPSK) to send data and Phase Locked Loop(PLL) based techniques for data retrieve.With a single PLL, MPPSK demodulation is achieved, as well as carrier recovery and symbol synchronization.Firstly, MPPSK modulation method is briefly introduced.2PPSK's PSD expression is given with its optimization result.Orthogonal Phase Detector(PD) and static threshold are used for the purpose of wider phase range and simplicity in demodulation.The data rate is alterable, which is 4.65 kbps for 2PPSK and 9.3 kbps for 4PPSK in the paper.Then some indicative comparisons in Signal to Noise Ratio Symbol Error Rate(SNR-SER) are made among 2PPSK, 3PPSK and 4PPSK, of which 4PPSK has proved to be optimal in ten slots each symbol conditions.And finally, it is demonstrated by system simulations that lower than 10-4 Symbol Error Rate(SER) performance can be obtained at 13 dB symbol SNR.展开更多
Objective To explore the clinically indicated diseases of acupoint catgut-embedding therapy, and summarize and analyze the disease spectrum of acupoint catgut-embedding therapy. Methods By literature research and data...Objective To explore the clinically indicated diseases of acupoint catgut-embedding therapy, and summarize and analyze the disease spectrum of acupoint catgut-embedding therapy. Methods By literature research and data mining technique, the clinical study papers relevant to acupoint catgut-embedding therapy published from 1971 to June 2011 were selected, entered and verified, then the effective information were extracted, and finally, the disease spectrum were summarized. Results Acupoint catgut-embedding therapy is indicated for 103 diseases, involving 6 departments, of which there are 50 internal diseases, which is the most, accounting to 48.54%, and 15 surgical diseases, 12 ENT diseases, 11 gynecological diseases and 11 dermatological diseases, and 4 pediatric diseases, which is the least. Meanwhile, according to the rule of ＂Efficacy acupuncture grading disease spectrum＂, the diseases treated with this therapy were graded preliminarily into grade Ⅰ with 26 diseases, grade Ⅱ with 30 diseases, and grade Ⅲ with 8 diseases. Conclusion Acupoint catgut-embedding therapy can be used widely in clinical treatment with much broader disease spectrum, and it is worthy of being spread and applied.展开更多
Here we propose a method for extracting line-of-sight ionospheric observables from GPS data using precise point positioning(PPP).The PPP-derived ionospheric observables(PIOs) have identical form with their counterpart...Here we propose a method for extracting line-of-sight ionospheric observables from GPS data using precise point positioning(PPP).The PPP-derived ionospheric observables(PIOs) have identical form with their counterparts obtained from leveling the geometry-free GPS carrier-phase to code(leveling ionospheric observables,LIOs),and are affected by the satellite and receiver inter-frequency biases(IFBs).Based on the co-location experiments,the effects of extracting error arising from the observational noise and multipath on the PIOs and the LIOs are comparatively assessed,and the considerably reduced effects ranging from 70% to 75% on the PIOs with respect to the LIOs can be verified in our case.In addition,based on 26 consecutive days' GPS observations from two international GNSS service(IGS) sites(COCO,DAEJ) during disturbed ionosphere period,the extracted PIOs and LIOs are respectively used as the input of single-layer ionospheric model to retrieve daily satellite IFBs station-by-station.The minor extracting errors underlying the PIOs in contrast to the LIOs can also be proven by reducing day-to-day scatter and improving between-receiver consistency in the retrieved satellite IFBs values.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (60472054)
文摘The paper presents a kind of transmission system which employs M-ary Position Phase Shift Keying(MPPSK) to send data and Phase Locked Loop(PLL) based techniques for data retrieve.With a single PLL, MPPSK demodulation is achieved, as well as carrier recovery and symbol synchronization.Firstly, MPPSK modulation method is briefly introduced.2PPSK's PSD expression is given with its optimization result.Orthogonal Phase Detector(PD) and static threshold are used for the purpose of wider phase range and simplicity in demodulation.The data rate is alterable, which is 4.65 kbps for 2PPSK and 9.3 kbps for 4PPSK in the paper.Then some indicative comparisons in Signal to Noise Ratio Symbol Error Rate(SNR-SER) are made among 2PPSK, 3PPSK and 4PPSK, of which 4PPSK has proved to be optimal in ten slots each symbol conditions.And finally, it is demonstrated by system simulations that lower than 10-4 Symbol Error Rate(SER) performance can be obtained at 13 dB symbol SNR.
基金Supported by Na onal Natural Science Founda on:81072883, 81173342University Student Innova on Instruc on Project of Hebei Medical University:2010
文摘Objective To explore the clinically indicated diseases of acupoint catgut-embedding therapy, and summarize and analyze the disease spectrum of acupoint catgut-embedding therapy. Methods By literature research and data mining technique, the clinical study papers relevant to acupoint catgut-embedding therapy published from 1971 to June 2011 were selected, entered and verified, then the effective information were extracted, and finally, the disease spectrum were summarized. Results Acupoint catgut-embedding therapy is indicated for 103 diseases, involving 6 departments, of which there are 50 internal diseases, which is the most, accounting to 48.54%, and 15 surgical diseases, 12 ENT diseases, 11 gynecological diseases and 11 dermatological diseases, and 4 pediatric diseases, which is the least. Meanwhile, according to the rule of ＂Efficacy acupuncture grading disease spectrum＂, the diseases treated with this therapy were graded preliminarily into grade Ⅰ with 26 diseases, grade Ⅱ with 30 diseases, and grade Ⅲ with 8 diseases. Conclusion Acupoint catgut-embedding therapy can be used widely in clinical treatment with much broader disease spectrum, and it is worthy of being spread and applied.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No. 2012CB82560X)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41174015 and 41074013)
文摘Here we propose a method for extracting line-of-sight ionospheric observables from GPS data using precise point positioning(PPP).The PPP-derived ionospheric observables(PIOs) have identical form with their counterparts obtained from leveling the geometry-free GPS carrier-phase to code(leveling ionospheric observables,LIOs),and are affected by the satellite and receiver inter-frequency biases(IFBs).Based on the co-location experiments,the effects of extracting error arising from the observational noise and multipath on the PIOs and the LIOs are comparatively assessed,and the considerably reduced effects ranging from 70% to 75% on the PIOs with respect to the LIOs can be verified in our case.In addition,based on 26 consecutive days' GPS observations from two international GNSS service(IGS) sites(COCO,DAEJ) during disturbed ionosphere period,the extracted PIOs and LIOs are respectively used as the input of single-layer ionospheric model to retrieve daily satellite IFBs station-by-station.The minor extracting errors underlying the PIOs in contrast to the LIOs can also be proven by reducing day-to-day scatter and improving between-receiver consistency in the retrieved satellite IFBs values.
