The dilemma of the quantization parameter (QP) being involved in both rate control and rate-distortion optimization (RDO) prevents using the traditional rate control scheme. Although some rate control schemes are prop...The dilemma of the quantization parameter (QP) being involved in both rate control and rate-distortion optimization (RDO) prevents using the traditional rate control scheme. Although some rate control schemes are proposed to circumvent the dilemma, the inaccurate prediction model and improper bit allocation deter H.264 application on low bandwidth channel. To resolve this issue, this paper proposes a novel rate control scheme by considering the macroblock (MB) encoding complexity variation and buffer variation and by exploiting the spatio-temporal correlation sufficiently well. Simulations showed that this scheme improves the perceptual quality of the pictures with similar or smaller PSNR deviations when compared to that of rate control in JVT-O016.展开更多
AIM: To investigate whether selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miR-196a2, miR-27a and miR146a genes are associated with sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC).METHODS: In order to investigate the effect of t...AIM: To investigate whether selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miR-196a2, miR-27a and miR146a genes are associated with sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC).METHODS: In order to investigate the effect of these SNPs in CRC, we performed a case-control study of 197 cases of sporadic CRC and 212 cancer-free controls originating from the Central-European Caucasian population using TaqMan Real-Time polymerase chain reaction and allelic discrimination analysis. RESULTS: The genotype and allele frequencies of SNPs were compared between the cases and the controls. None of the performed analysis showed any statistically significant results. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest a lack of association between rs11614913, rs895819 and rs2910164 and colorectal cancer risk in the Central-European Caucasian population, a population with an extremely high incidence of sporadic colorectal cancer.展开更多
Objective： The suboptimal outcome after surgery alone for gastric cancer indicated the necessity of adjuvant treatment for potentially resectable carcinoma of the stomach. In 2001, postoperative adjuvant radiochemoth...Objective： The suboptimal outcome after surgery alone for gastric cancer indicated the necessity of adjuvant treatment for potentially resectable carcinoma of the stomach. In 2001, postoperative adjuvant radiochemotherapy started to be implemented in the NCI, Cairo, Egypt. However, the fear of the acute complication hindered its use as a standard treatment with some staff didn＇t follow the SWAG＇s adjuvant protocol. The aim of this report is to verify this issue. Methods： In the period from 1999 to 2009, 320 out of 581 patients with gastric carcinoma, underdid potentially curative surgery. Adjuvant postoperative radiochemotherapy for stage ≥ IIA started since 2001. Radiation （45 Gy, 1.8 Gy/f） was targeted to the tumor bed, anastomosis site, duodenal stump, remnant stomach and regional lymph node together with 4-5 cycles chemotherapy （SWOG protocol）. Survival analysis was performed and comparison between survival curves was done to analysis different prognostic factors. Results： The patients＇ age ranged from 17 to 86 years [mean （54 ± 12.5） years]. About 1/3 of the patients had a diffuse lesion. Adenocarcinoma was the most common pathology （60.4%）. High grade pathology constituted 59.1% of the cases. About one fifth of the patients had metastatic disease at presentation. Only 351 （75%） of the patients had potentially curative gastrectomy. The median number of lymph node （LN） dissected was 12 （ranged from 0-45） with a median number of the positive LN of 3.5 （ranged from 0-40）. Postoperative mortality was 12%. The median follow up period was 21.9 months （ranged from 3-129.4 months）. For the 257 patients who had curative surgery, 164 （62.8%） patients were alive at the end of follow up. During follow up period, 30 patients had Ioco-regional relapse, and 26 patients had metastasis, and 39 patients had both pattern of failure. The overall survival （OS）, Ioco-regionar control （LRC）, and metastasis free survival （MFS） rates, at median follow up period of 22 months, were 61.2%, 66.7% and 71%, respectively. At 3 and 5 years the corresponding values were： OS （42% and 28%）, LRC （64% and 50.4%） and MFS （56.3% and 49%）, respectively. Only stage and degree of nodal involvement had an adverse effect on all survival rates. Proximal lesion had poor OS rates. As regard LR control rate, mucinous cell type, and high grade had a bad effect. Although patients with less than D1 dissection had low OS and LRC rate, it didn＇t reach significant level. There was a significant improved 5-year OS rate for concurrent chemoradiotherapy （CCRTh, 55%） versus no or single adjuvant modality （27%）, P = 0.035. A subgroup analysis according to CTH regimen showed a trend for all survival rates with ECF compared to bolus 5FU/LV. However, none was statistically significant. Conclusion： In operable gastric carcinoma, postoperative concomitant radiochemotherapy with 5FU and LV is feasible with acceptable toxicity with a significant increase of Iocoregional control. A well designed phase III clinical trial - with ECF regimen and conformal radiotherapy - is worth to start to increase local control and decrease toxicity.展开更多
This paper investigates the performance of SAPFs （shunt active power filters） which are introduced in order to address the quality issues in electrified railway supply systems. These filters can be installed at eith...This paper investigates the performance of SAPFs （shunt active power filters） which are introduced in order to address the quality issues in electrified railway supply systems. These filters can be installed at either the S/S （substation） end or at the SP （sectioning post） of the railway feeding power system. In this investigation novel control algorithms, based on the synchronously rotating frame of reference, are proposed for the case when the SAPF is installed at the substation end and its performance is assessed. The effectiveness of the proposed control algorithms are illustrated via Matlab/SimPower computer simulations and validated via comparisons with other publications. This investigation demonstrated that when the SAPF is installed at the substation side, it can effectively compensate for the higher harmonic supply current. In addition, the reactive power demand is fully compensated for, leading to close to unity power factor. However, the voltage drop/sag at the locomotive power supply feed point is only partially compensated for.展开更多
This paper presents the implementation of maximum power point tracking （MPPT） with fuzzy logic controller. For cost consideration, an inexpensive 8-bit microcontroller, PIC 16F877A, is selected and programmed with C...This paper presents the implementation of maximum power point tracking （MPPT） with fuzzy logic controller. For cost consideration, an inexpensive 8-bit microcontroller, PIC 16F877A, is selected and programmed with C language and integer variables For evaluation, the implemented fuzzy logic controller （FLC） is compared with the MPPT controller of using perturbation and observation （P＆O）. Both types of MPPT controllers are tested on the same voltage source with a series-connected resistor. Experimental results show that the implemented FLC with appropriate design meets the control requirements of MPPT. The FLC based on linguistic fuzzy rules has more flexibility and intelligence than conventional P＆O controller, but the FLC spends more RAM and ROM spaces than the P＆O tracker does.展开更多
文摘The dilemma of the quantization parameter (QP) being involved in both rate control and rate-distortion optimization (RDO) prevents using the traditional rate control scheme. Although some rate control schemes are proposed to circumvent the dilemma, the inaccurate prediction model and improper bit allocation deter H.264 application on low bandwidth channel. To resolve this issue, this paper proposes a novel rate control scheme by considering the macroblock (MB) encoding complexity variation and buffer variation and by exploiting the spatio-temporal correlation sufficiently well. Simulations showed that this scheme improves the perceptual quality of the pictures with similar or smaller PSNR deviations when compared to that of rate control in JVT-O016.
基金Supported by Czech Ministry of Health, No. NS 10352-3/2009,NS/9814 and project No. MZ0MOU2005the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports for the project BBMRI CZ, No.LM2010004the project ‘‘CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology’’, No. CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0068
文摘AIM: To investigate whether selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miR-196a2, miR-27a and miR146a genes are associated with sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC).METHODS: In order to investigate the effect of these SNPs in CRC, we performed a case-control study of 197 cases of sporadic CRC and 212 cancer-free controls originating from the Central-European Caucasian population using TaqMan Real-Time polymerase chain reaction and allelic discrimination analysis. RESULTS: The genotype and allele frequencies of SNPs were compared between the cases and the controls. None of the performed analysis showed any statistically significant results. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest a lack of association between rs11614913, rs895819 and rs2910164 and colorectal cancer risk in the Central-European Caucasian population, a population with an extremely high incidence of sporadic colorectal cancer.
文摘Objective： The suboptimal outcome after surgery alone for gastric cancer indicated the necessity of adjuvant treatment for potentially resectable carcinoma of the stomach. In 2001, postoperative adjuvant radiochemotherapy started to be implemented in the NCI, Cairo, Egypt. However, the fear of the acute complication hindered its use as a standard treatment with some staff didn＇t follow the SWAG＇s adjuvant protocol. The aim of this report is to verify this issue. Methods： In the period from 1999 to 2009, 320 out of 581 patients with gastric carcinoma, underdid potentially curative surgery. Adjuvant postoperative radiochemotherapy for stage ≥ IIA started since 2001. Radiation （45 Gy, 1.8 Gy/f） was targeted to the tumor bed, anastomosis site, duodenal stump, remnant stomach and regional lymph node together with 4-5 cycles chemotherapy （SWOG protocol）. Survival analysis was performed and comparison between survival curves was done to analysis different prognostic factors. Results： The patients＇ age ranged from 17 to 86 years [mean （54 ± 12.5） years]. About 1/3 of the patients had a diffuse lesion. Adenocarcinoma was the most common pathology （60.4%）. High grade pathology constituted 59.1% of the cases. About one fifth of the patients had metastatic disease at presentation. Only 351 （75%） of the patients had potentially curative gastrectomy. The median number of lymph node （LN） dissected was 12 （ranged from 0-45） with a median number of the positive LN of 3.5 （ranged from 0-40）. Postoperative mortality was 12%. The median follow up period was 21.9 months （ranged from 3-129.4 months）. For the 257 patients who had curative surgery, 164 （62.8%） patients were alive at the end of follow up. During follow up period, 30 patients had Ioco-regional relapse, and 26 patients had metastasis, and 39 patients had both pattern of failure. The overall survival （OS）, Ioco-regionar control （LRC）, and metastasis free survival （MFS） rates, at median follow up period of 22 months, were 61.2%, 66.7% and 71%, respectively. At 3 and 5 years the corresponding values were： OS （42% and 28%）, LRC （64% and 50.4%） and MFS （56.3% and 49%）, respectively. Only stage and degree of nodal involvement had an adverse effect on all survival rates. Proximal lesion had poor OS rates. As regard LR control rate, mucinous cell type, and high grade had a bad effect. Although patients with less than D1 dissection had low OS and LRC rate, it didn＇t reach significant level. There was a significant improved 5-year OS rate for concurrent chemoradiotherapy （CCRTh, 55%） versus no or single adjuvant modality （27%）, P = 0.035. A subgroup analysis according to CTH regimen showed a trend for all survival rates with ECF compared to bolus 5FU/LV. However, none was statistically significant. Conclusion： In operable gastric carcinoma, postoperative concomitant radiochemotherapy with 5FU and LV is feasible with acceptable toxicity with a significant increase of Iocoregional control. A well designed phase III clinical trial - with ECF regimen and conformal radiotherapy - is worth to start to increase local control and decrease toxicity.
文摘This paper investigates the performance of SAPFs （shunt active power filters） which are introduced in order to address the quality issues in electrified railway supply systems. These filters can be installed at either the S/S （substation） end or at the SP （sectioning post） of the railway feeding power system. In this investigation novel control algorithms, based on the synchronously rotating frame of reference, are proposed for the case when the SAPF is installed at the substation end and its performance is assessed. The effectiveness of the proposed control algorithms are illustrated via Matlab/SimPower computer simulations and validated via comparisons with other publications. This investigation demonstrated that when the SAPF is installed at the substation side, it can effectively compensate for the higher harmonic supply current. In addition, the reactive power demand is fully compensated for, leading to close to unity power factor. However, the voltage drop/sag at the locomotive power supply feed point is only partially compensated for.
文摘This paper presents the implementation of maximum power point tracking （MPPT） with fuzzy logic controller. For cost consideration, an inexpensive 8-bit microcontroller, PIC 16F877A, is selected and programmed with C language and integer variables For evaluation, the implemented fuzzy logic controller （FLC） is compared with the MPPT controller of using perturbation and observation （P＆O）. Both types of MPPT controllers are tested on the same voltage source with a series-connected resistor. Experimental results show that the implemented FLC with appropriate design meets the control requirements of MPPT. The FLC based on linguistic fuzzy rules has more flexibility and intelligence than conventional P＆O controller, but the FLC spends more RAM and ROM spaces than the P＆O tracker does.
