Adaptive models are based on the observation that there are some actions that people can and actually do take to achieve thermal comfort. Studies regarding thermal comfort conditions in economical dwellings were carri...Adaptive models are based on the observation that there are some actions that people can and actually do take to achieve thermal comfort. Studies regarding thermal comfort conditions in economical dwellings were carried out simultaneously in seven Mexican cities, corresponding to warm dry and warm humid climates. In this article, case studies of low-cost dwellings in the city of Hermosillo （in northwest Mexico）, are presented and analyzed. Field surveys were carried out to obtain information about the physical characteristics of the dwellings and their occupants, as well as the indoor thermal environment. Neutral temperature was obtained from the applied survey. The high neutral temperature reveals the effect of inhabitants＇ adaptation mechanism to extreme climates. Occupant comfort votes as a function of indoor air temperatures were analyzed, and different characteristics such as age, size and gender were evaluated separately. The results show the variability of the neutral temperature and the tolerance to temperature changes, depending on the population＇s specific characteristics. In many cases where the population does not have access to artificial acclimatization devices, the neutral temperature values for specific climates and people can inform architects when choosing the most suitable thermal strategies for building design.展开更多
Providing a decent housing is a major challenge for governments and development authorities in Jordan and Arab countries. Nevertheless, the growing number of population falling under poverty put more demand on low cos...Providing a decent housing is a major challenge for governments and development authorities in Jordan and Arab countries. Nevertheless, the growing number of population falling under poverty put more demand on low cost housing options. The goal of the research was to find ways of rationalizing the cost and determine the appropriate standards and models that achieve an acceptable equation between cost and performance, and that during design and construction phases. The study follows the method of investigation and analysis to get factors that reduce the cost of the house construction for poor families by means of the concept of standardization in traditional （popular） buildings system. The research confirms that the traditional system has many advantages that could strengthen towards development a low-cost building system by applying the principles of standardization through architectural, structural and electro-mechanical considerations of design. Research recommends taking on studies for low cost building system through comprehensive analytical study of local building experiences.展开更多
The goal of this study is to determine specific guidelines for Iraqi architects to contribute to the design and composition of energy-efficient housing units within the limits of a normal budget, locally available mat...The goal of this study is to determine specific guidelines for Iraqi architects to contribute to the design and composition of energy-efficient housing units within the limits of a normal budget, locally available materials and technologies. These units can provide comfort despite the current energy situation in Iraq. The study is based on a computer simulation for a reference building in Baghdad, which has been selected according to the urban conditions, building legislations, housing market and statistics. The final results displayed the main recommendations and the possibility to achieve up to 50% energy reduction with a pay-back period not exceeding two years in some cases. There are some measures that have big energy saving potential. Yet, some of the measures may require big investment or have some bad environmental impacts. Some other good measures are already being implemented.展开更多
文摘Adaptive models are based on the observation that there are some actions that people can and actually do take to achieve thermal comfort. Studies regarding thermal comfort conditions in economical dwellings were carried out simultaneously in seven Mexican cities, corresponding to warm dry and warm humid climates. In this article, case studies of low-cost dwellings in the city of Hermosillo （in northwest Mexico）, are presented and analyzed. Field surveys were carried out to obtain information about the physical characteristics of the dwellings and their occupants, as well as the indoor thermal environment. Neutral temperature was obtained from the applied survey. The high neutral temperature reveals the effect of inhabitants＇ adaptation mechanism to extreme climates. Occupant comfort votes as a function of indoor air temperatures were analyzed, and different characteristics such as age, size and gender were evaluated separately. The results show the variability of the neutral temperature and the tolerance to temperature changes, depending on the population＇s specific characteristics. In many cases where the population does not have access to artificial acclimatization devices, the neutral temperature values for specific climates and people can inform architects when choosing the most suitable thermal strategies for building design.
文摘Providing a decent housing is a major challenge for governments and development authorities in Jordan and Arab countries. Nevertheless, the growing number of population falling under poverty put more demand on low cost housing options. The goal of the research was to find ways of rationalizing the cost and determine the appropriate standards and models that achieve an acceptable equation between cost and performance, and that during design and construction phases. The study follows the method of investigation and analysis to get factors that reduce the cost of the house construction for poor families by means of the concept of standardization in traditional （popular） buildings system. The research confirms that the traditional system has many advantages that could strengthen towards development a low-cost building system by applying the principles of standardization through architectural, structural and electro-mechanical considerations of design. Research recommends taking on studies for low cost building system through comprehensive analytical study of local building experiences.
文摘The goal of this study is to determine specific guidelines for Iraqi architects to contribute to the design and composition of energy-efficient housing units within the limits of a normal budget, locally available materials and technologies. These units can provide comfort despite the current energy situation in Iraq. The study is based on a computer simulation for a reference building in Baghdad, which has been selected according to the urban conditions, building legislations, housing market and statistics. The final results displayed the main recommendations and the possibility to achieve up to 50% energy reduction with a pay-back period not exceeding two years in some cases. There are some measures that have big energy saving potential. Yet, some of the measures may require big investment or have some bad environmental impacts. Some other good measures are already being implemented.
