东海西湖凹陷深层低渗—致密砂岩气成藏的地质条件与模式

东海西湖凹陷深层具有广泛发育低渗—致密砂岩气的地质条件。广覆式深埋含煤系烃源岩持续富生烃,为深层低渗—致密气成藏提供了物质基础;宽缓海陆过渡相浅水厚层洁净砂岩为主的储集体广泛发育,且深层、超深层砂岩储层依然保持着有效的储集性能,与烃源岩和盖层呈"三明治"交互式叠置,为深层低渗—致密气成藏提供了储集空间与有利的运移和保存条件;深层普遍发育的异常高压为深层低渗—致密砂岩气成藏创造了有利条件。"充足烃源、叠合连片厚砂岩、异常压力"是西湖凹陷深层低渗—致密砂岩气大规模成藏的关键地质要素。

东海盆地西湖凹陷深层低渗—致密砂岩孔隙结构特征及成因分析

东海盆地西湖凹陷花港组深层砂岩属于特低孔特低渗—致密储层,由于经历了较强的成岩改造,孔隙结构复杂,成因机制不明。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜能谱(SEM-EDS)、扫描电镜阴极发光(SEM-CL)、X射线衍射(XRD)、核磁共振、高压压汞及恒速压汞等实验,探究研究区储层矿物组成、成岩作用特征和孔隙成因机制,表征储层孔隙结构特征,并探讨分析沉积及成岩作用对储层致密砂岩孔隙结构的影响以及孔隙结构对流体可动性的影响。结果表明:西湖凹陷花港组深层低渗—致密砂岩储层主要发育黏土矿物晶间孔、溶蚀孔和原生孔,其中黏土矿物晶间孔和溶蚀孔占主导,原生孔少见,且表现出3种不同的孔隙结构特征。综合分析可知,相比低能辫状河水道,由于高能辫状河水道具有粒度粗和石英含量高的特点,具有更好的孔喉保存能力,因此孔隙结构相对更好。石英胶结和黏土矿物胶结都会使孔隙结构变差,但孔隙结构更多地受到黏土矿物胶结的影响。由于研究区钾长石溶蚀程度较弱,溶蚀作用对孔隙结构差异化的影响主要体现在岩屑溶蚀对孔隙结构的影响。相关性分析显示,可动流体孔隙度更适合表征储层流体可动性。黏土矿物胶结和石英胶结都会降低孔喉大小,扩大孔喉分布范围,从而造成可动流体孔隙度降低。

A novel model for assessing the pore structure of tight sands and its application

Pore-structure poses great influence on the permeability and electrical property of tight sand reservoirs and is critical to the petrophysical research of such reservoirs.The uncertainty of permeability for tight sands is very common and the relationship between pore- structure and electrical property is often unclear.We propose a new parameterδ,integrating porosity,maximum radius of connected pore-throats,and sorting degree,for investigating the permeability and electrical properties of tight sands.Core data and wireline log analyses show that this newδcan be used to accurately predict the tight sands permeability and has a close relation with electrical parameters,allowing the estimation of formation factor F and cementation exponent m.The normalization of the resistivity difference caused by the pore- structure is used to highlight the influence of fluid type on Rt,enhancing the coincidence rate in the Pickett crossplot significantly.