鄂尔多斯盆地中生界低渗透岩性油藏形成规律综述

鄂尔多斯盆地中生代为典型的大型内陆坳陷湖盆,含油层系主要为三叠系延长组和侏罗系延安组。长7优质烃源岩为中生界油藏的主要源岩,异常高压为中生界低渗透储层油气大规模运移的主要动力,孔隙性砂体和裂缝系统是中生界石油运移的主要通道,多种输导体系和异常压力的有效组合控制了油藏的展布特征。利用储层成岩流体包裹体、自生伊利石测年和沥青期次等多种方法对成藏期次进行了分析,认为中生界油藏的形成为连续充注一期成藏的特点,成藏期可分为早、中、晚三个阶段,分别对应于早白垩世早期、中期和晚期,主成藏期为早白垩世中期的中期成藏阶段。总结出鄂尔多斯盆地延长组低渗透岩性油藏的形成规律,在长7优质烃源岩欠压实作用和生烃增压共同产生异常高压生的作用下,原油通过互相叠置的相对高渗砂体向上、向下运移,在长4+5、长6、长8形成大规模岩性油藏,并通过微裂缝和前侏罗纪古河输导体系,在长2及侏罗系形成了构造—岩性油藏。

鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组低渗透岩性油藏成藏物理模拟

晚三叠世延长期鄂尔多斯为陆相坳陷盆地,主要发育湖泊三角洲相沉积,油藏主要为低-特低渗透岩性油藏。研究表明,长7生烃作用形成的异常高压是石油向低渗透储层运移的主要动力,运移方式主要为幕式运移。通过成藏物理模拟手段分析不同压力条件下低渗透成藏过程及成藏特征,同时对比不同注入压力、不同充注方向下幕式成藏特征及与稳态成藏的差异。实验结果表明,无论烃源岩向上还是向下排烃,异常压力越大越有利于低渗透储层成藏,成藏效率越高,含油饱和度越高。

采用脉冲注烃方式提高低渗透裂缝性灰岩油藏采收率实验研究

低渗透裂缝油藏直接注气容易产生气窜,采收率不高,使用实际岩心进行人工造缝,在长岩心中分别进行衰竭式开发、直接注烃气驱实验、注水实验和脉冲注气实验。细管试验表明,即使在破裂压力下注烃气也达不到混相,衰竭式开发可获得16.81％的采收率;直接注烃气比衰竭式提高采收率20.17％;脉冲注气比衰竭式提高采收率35.04％,脉冲注气驱油效果比直接驱油好得多,是值得选用的开发方式。

透镜体低渗透岩性油藏合理井网井距研究

透镜体低渗透岩性油藏具有砂体分布零散、非均质性强等特点,开发过程中核部水淹严重,扇缘部水驱效果较差。为此,基于油藏工程方法与理论推导,确立了环形井网环距及采油井井距的计算方法并绘制了计算图版,同时,结合数值模拟方法,对透镜体低渗透岩性油藏有效开发的合理井网井距进行了研究。结果表明:基于相控剩余油条件下的核注翼采井网模式,可有效缓解正方形面积注水井网形式注水憋压的难题,进而降低注水难度,提高水驱效率;与正对井网相比,采用注采井数比为1∶2的核注翼采交错环形井网时,油水井流线分布较均匀,开发效果较好;对于3注6采与4注8采的环形井网,当环距为200 m时,最优采油井井距分别为300 m和250 m。该研究成果为透镜体低渗透岩性油藏的持续高效开发提供了理论基础和借鉴。

低渗透岩性油藏含油性与富集区测井评价研究

本文以鄂尔多斯盆地姬源地区延长组长油层组为研究对象,建立了测井识别和定量评价低渗透油气储层的方法,分析了低渗透岩性油藏含油饱和度分布规律,探讨了测井快速产能预测和富集区评价方法,优选了有利勘探开发目标。

特低渗透岩性油藏沉积微相建模方法分析

变差函数的拟合质量,决定着传统两点地质统计随机模拟结果的准确程度;多点地质统计则依赖于训练图像建立模拟对象的空间结构分布。沉积微相建模常用的方法有手工描绘沉积微相作为约束建立相模型、基于目标的随机模拟、序贯指示模拟和多点地质统计模拟等。序贯指示模拟虽然在研究中较为常见,缺点是刻画的河道相零星分布,不连续,与地质认识存在较大差距。特低渗透岩性油藏沉积微相建模方法中基于目标的随机模拟和多点地质统计模拟是更加符合油藏描述精度需求的方法,尤其是多点地质统计模拟克服了传统相建模方法的缺点,可以准确地描述复杂储层沉积微相间的分布模式。

营11裂缝型低渗透岩性油藏开发方式研究

针对裂缝型低渗透油藏的注水开发水驱效率问题,利用E100数值模拟工具,在分析营11区块裂缝型低渗透油藏储层特征基础上,利用两种方法表征地应力,对裂缝型低渗透油藏地应力与井网形式优化设计理论进行了数值研究,模拟计算了不同裂缝参数、不同井网形式的开发方案,并对各方案实施效果进行了对比研究。结论发现,与营11油藏地应力匹配关系最好的井网形式是五点法井网,同时给出了井排方向与裂缝走向的合理夹角。

鄂尔多斯盆地西峰油田白马南特低渗岩性油藏储层地质建模

以鄂尔多斯盆地西峰油田白马南长81砂岩油藏为例,应用随机序贯高斯模拟法(SUS)和序贯指示模拟法(SIS)建立研究目标的储层地质模型,进而探讨了在特低渗岩性油藏中相对高渗透储层形成的控制因素。认为长81油藏储层的形成主要受控于沉积作用;成岩作用对改善储层物性及油气的运聚起了重要的作用。砂体的三维模拟结果显示主砂体位于研究区西部,呈西南—东北向展布。储层物性参数的三维模拟也表明优质储层主要分布在主砂体带上长石溶蚀相和绿泥石薄膜胶结成岩相区。

Simultaneous hydraulic fracturing of ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoirs in China: Mechanism and its field test

Based on the impact of the stress perturbation effect created by simultaneous propagation of multiple fractures in the process of simultaneous hydraulic fracturing, a thorough research on the mechanism and adaptation of simultaneous fracturing of double horizontal wells in ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoirs was conducted by taking two adjacent horizontal wells(well Yangping-1 and well Yangping-2 located in Longdong area of China Changqing Oilfield) as field test wells. And simultaneous fracturing optimal design of two adjacent horizontal wells was finished and employed in field test. Micro-seismic monitoring analysis of fracture propagation during the stimulation treatment shows that hydraulic fractures present a pattern of complicated network expansion, and the well test data after fracturing show that the daily production of well Yangping-1 and well Yangping-2 reach105.8 t/d and 87.6 t/d, which are approximately 9.4 times and 7.8 times the daily production of a fractured vertical well in the same area, respectively. Field test reflects that simultaneous hydraulic fracturing of two adjacent horizontal wells can enlarge the expansion area of hydraulic fractures to obtain a lager drainage area and realize the full stimulation of ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoirs in China Changqing oilfield. Therefore, simultaneous fracturing of two adjacent horizontal wells provides a good opportunity in stimulation techniques for the efficient development of ultra-low permeability reservoirs in China Changqing oilfield,and it has great popularization value and can provide a new avenue for the application of stimulation techniques in ultra-low permeability reservoirs in China.

Model building for Chang-8 low permeability sandstone reservoir in the Yanchang formation of the Xifeng oil field

In order to build a model for the Chang-8 low permeability sandstone reservoir in the Yanchang formation of the Xifeng oil field,we studied sedimentation and diagenesis of sandstone and analyzed major factors controlling this low permeability reservoir.By doing so,we have made clear that the spatial distribution of reservoir attribute parameters is controlled by the spatial distribution of various kinds of sandstone bodies.By taking advantage of many coring wells and high quality logging data,we used regression analysis for a single well with geological conditions as constraints,to build the interpretation model for logging data and to calculate attribute parameters for a single well,which ensured accuracy of the 1-D vertical model.On this basis,we built a litho-facies model to replace the sedimentary facies model.In addition,we also built a porosity model by using a sequential Gaussian simulation with the lithofacies model as the constraint.In the end,we built a permeability model by using Markov-Bayes simula-tion,with the porosity attribute as the covariate.The results show that the permeability model reflects very well the relative differences between low permeability values,which is of great importance for locating high permeability zones and forecasting zones favorable for exploration and exploitation.

Determination of microscopic waterflooding characteristics and influence factors in ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir

Actual sandstone micromodel was used in this work to conduct the microscopic waterflooding experiment of ultra-low sandstone reservoir,since the inside seepage characteristics of microscopic waterflooding process of Chang 8 ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir of Upper Triassic Yanchang formation in Huaqing region of the Ordos Basin,China is difficult to observe directly.Combined with physical property,casting thin sections,constant-rate mercury injection capillary pressure and nuclear magnetic resonance,the influence of reservoir property on the waterflooding characteristics in pores were analyzed and evaluated.Seepage paths of waterflooding characteristics were divided into four types:homogeneous seepage,reticular-homogeneous seepage,finger-reticular seepage and finger-like seepage,the waterflooding efficiency of which decreases in turn.More than 70%of residual oil occurs as flowing-around seepage and oil film.Physical property,pore structure and movable fluid characteristics are all controlled by digenesis and their impacts on waterflooding efficiency are in accordance.Generally,the pore throat radius size and distribution and movable fluid percentage are closely related to waterflooding law.

Characteristics and mechanism of low permeability beach-bar sandstone reservoir of Es4 in Dongying sag

Core and cast sections observation and description,and logging,scanning electron microscope and core lab analysis data etc. were applied to the present research of the characteristics and mechanism of low permeability beach-bar sandstone reservoir of Es4 in Dongying sag. The results indicated the reservoir has the characteristics of middle-low pores,low-permeability,low compositional and structural maturity,and thin throat. The low-permeability is mainly due to sedimentation (fine particles and argillaceous inter beds) and diagenesis (compaction,cementation,and dissolution). The cementation reduced the physical property of the reservoir mainly by carbonate cementation,quartz autogeny and enragement,and autogeny clay. Clay minerals usually jam the pores by filling holes,close-fitting the wall of hole,bridging,wrapping grains,and separate attaching the pores and so on. The dissolution is insufficient so as not to improve the porosity and permeability of the reservoir obviously. So it is also an important factor of forming low-permeability reservoir.

郝家油田史127块CO2驱示范区地层及沉积特征

郝家油田史127块位于济阳坳陷东营凹陷中央隆起带西段郝家鼻状构造南部。目地层为下第三系沙河街组的沙三中亚段。工区内构造简单。史127块目地层为三角洲前缘滑塌浊积岩沉积。沙三中地层纵向从上往下储层发育有逐步变好的趋势。本区沙三段为中孔低渗透储层。平面上油层整体上呈东西向带状分布,小层分布特点各有不同。史127地区为埋藏深、高压、低渗透、低饱和、稀油、岩性油藏。

Impact of hydraulic perforation on fracture initiation and propagation in shale rocks

To enhance the oil and gas recovery rate, hydraulic fracturing techniques have been widely adopted for stimulation of low-permeability reservoirs. Pioneering work indicates that hydraulic perforation and layout could significantly affect fracture initiation and propagation in low-permeability reservoir rocks subjected to complex in-situ stresses. This paper reports on a novel numerical method that incorporates fracture mechanics principles and the numerical tools FRANC3D and ANSYS to investigate the three-dimensional initiation and propagation behavior of hydro-fracturing cracks in shale rock. Considering the transverse isotropic property of shale rocks, the mechanical parameters of reservoir rocks attained from laboratory tests were adopted in the simulation. The influence of perforation layouts on the 3D initiation of hydro-fracturing fractures in reservoir rocks under geo-stresses was quantitatively illuminated. The propagation and growth of fractures in three dimensions in different perforating azimuth values were illustrated. The results indicate that： 1） the optimal perforation direction should be parallel to the maximum horizontal principal stress, 2） the crack plane gradually turns toward the direction of the maximum horizontal principal stress when they are not in parallel, 3） compared with the linear and symmetric pattern, the staggered perforation is the optimal one, 4） the proper perforation density is four to six holes per meter, 5） the optimal perforation diameter in this model is 30 ram, and 6） the influence of the perforation depth on the fracture initiation pressure is low.