杜84块蒸汽辅助重力泄油井低物性段酸液体系优选及酸化增渗实验研究

为解决低物性段影响蒸汽辅助重力驱油开采超稠油的问题,通过对杜84区块基本情况进行分析,判断研究区具有潜在的酸敏特征,若采用酸化的增产方式时应注意主体酸液的选取。通过溶蚀实验优选酸化液体系配方为4%盐酸+5%氟硼酸+2%硝酸+2%多聚磷酸+2%乙醇+1%黏土稳定剂+1.5%兰826缓蚀剂+1%钙离子稳定剂(三聚磷酸钠:氨基三亚甲基膦酸=1:3)+1.5%乙二醇丁醚,最佳反应时间为24 h。利用所选酸液配方开展酸化增渗实验,实验结果表明:所选酸液体系增渗范围为72.84%~95.16%,充分验证了酸化液配方对于天然岩心有很好的酸化、增渗效果,满足施工要求。

直井-水平井SAGD低物性段酸压对提高采收率幅度研究

在辽河油田超稠油油藏SAGD开发后期,受低物性段隔夹层阻挡作用,蒸汽腔发育迟缓、纵向扩展受限导致产量下降。针对这一问题,可采用直井辅助水平井SAGD开发和对低物性段酸压等手段改善渗透率、促使蒸汽突破低物性段从而进一步提高采收率。本文结合现场数据建立数值模型,采用正交设计法分析不同裂缝参数对产能的影响顺序,依次为裂缝长度、裂缝数量、裂缝宽度、裂缝间距。同时采用控制变量法分析不同裂缝参数对产能的影响并优选出适合目标区块的最佳裂缝参数,裂缝长度160 m,裂缝数量5条,裂缝宽度9 mm,裂缝间距90 m。并对优化方案进行了模拟预测,结果表明:目标区块累计产油量增加5 928.6 t,采收率提高12.2%,累计油气比达到0.228,含水率平均降低8%~12%,研究成果对直井辅助水平井SAGD低物性段开发和提高后期采收率提供了理论指导。

SAGD低物性段分支参数优选及对提高采收率影响研究

在新疆克拉玛依油田超稠油油藏SAGD开发后期,受低物性段隔夹层影响,部分井蒸汽腔无法纵向扩展,注气驱替不充分导致产量下降。针对这一问题,可采用优化井型等措施来扩大主井筒两侧泄油面积进一步提高采收率。本文结合现场数据建立数值模型,采用方差分析法分析不同井型参数对产能的影响大小并采用控制变量法以采收率为评价指标优选出适合目标区块的最佳井型参数,顺序为分支长度、分支数量、分支角度、分支间距,井型参数为分支长度150m,分支数量3条,分支角度90°,分支间距150m。在原模型基础上对优化方案进行了模拟预测,结果表明:目标区块累计产油量增加6247.6t,采收率提高12.7%,含水率平均降低8%~12%,研究成果对分支井辅助SAGD低物性段提高采收率提供了理论指导。

氦-3低温热物性数值研究

在广泛收集和整理文献数据的基础上 ,自行开发了氦 3热物性数据计算程序 ,它适用于温度 1K～ 1 0 0K ,压力 1 0MPa以内的使用范围。以压力、温度、比容 (或密度 )、焓、熵、内能中任意两个作为输入参量 ,可以计算其余热力参量、热导率以及动力粘度等输运性质。输入输出单位制种类齐全 ,可任意互换。在上述区间内 ,计算具有连续性 ,最大误差在 5‰以内。

直平组合SAGD开发低物性段治理技术研究

杜84馆陶区块为巨厚块状边顶底水超稠油油藏。2012全部转入SAGD开发,存在蒸汽腔纵向扩展速度慢、注汽汽窜水平井、井组注采关系见效不明显等矛盾。通过精细油藏地质研究,明确低物性段是影响S A G D开发效果的主要因素。根据岩心、物性、地震等地质资料,结合测井二次解释曲线特征确定低物性段的识别划分标准及低物性段在平面、纵向发育分布特征,并结合井温曲线资料、生产特点通过数模将低物性段划分为易突破、难突破、较难突破三类。针对不同类型形成了不同区域不同部位的调层补孔、压裂、酸化等治理技术,促进了蒸汽腔纵向扩展,增加了有效泄油井点,对同类油藏开发方式具有一定的指导作用。

胺碘酮相关性低钠血症一例

胺碘酮是目前临床上最常用的抗心律失常药物之一,通过多部位多通道作用于机体以扩张血管,改善心脏血供,并能阻断Ga2+,K+,Na离子通道,能广泛缓解各类心律失常。然而该药在临床应用中已发现有多种不良反应,主要有肝肺毒性、甲状腺功能异常、眼部改变、神经毒性、电解质水平紊乱等。沈绍清,任浩洋等。曾报道过一例应用盐酸胺碘酮后导致急性多脏器功能异常伴电解质紊乱的病例,病情危重,进展迅速。但目前学术界对胺碘酮摄入相关慢性持续性低钠血症的病例报导较少,其发生率亦不明确。现报道一例75岁男性与胺碘酮摄入高度相关的顽固性低钠血症病例,为临床上不明原因低钠血症的鉴别诊断提供参考。

淬火20CrMnMo合金钢工件液氮冷装工艺研究

已有生产线上对于合金材料为淬火后的20CrMnMo的工件冷装工艺仍以经验工艺参数为指导,导致冷装工艺装备缺乏系统性设计方法,亟需揭示装配工件温度和变形量的时变规律。文章通过实验研究了淬火后的20CrMnMo材料的低温热物性,以此为基础,研究了几种典型工件在冷装配工艺流程中的温度和变形量随时间的变化行为。结果显示,相同工况下,工件温度变化率和形变速率都随工件尺寸增加而增大;通过实验验证了工件温度及变形的时变规律,模拟结果与实验结果具有较好的一致性。根据工件的加工误差和装配精度要求,实现冷装工艺装配时间的精准预测,研究结果将为材料热物性研究和冷装工艺关键参数的精准设定提供理论依据。

影响SAGD开发效果关键因素研究及对策

杜84块馆陶油层自转入SAGD开发后,部分井组存在产液量低、产油量低、油汽比低、含水高等问题,因此对影响SAGD开发效果关键因素研究尤为必要。本文根据精细地质研究,明确了低物性夹层的分布状态、蒸汽腔均衡发育程度、有效注汽井点数量是影响SAGD开发效果的关键因素,并提出相应的调整对策,改善开发效果。

双水平井SAGD井组开发方式优选研究

为研究双水平井蒸汽辅助重力泄油(steam assisted gravity drainage,SAGD)井组开发过程中各因素对开发效果的影响,运用油藏工程原理描述各开发阶段的产能,得出影响SAGD开发注采效率的可控因素,包括:蒸汽干度、注采比和多井组SAGD开发的井组距离等开发因素,并采用数值模拟方法进行优选调控。模拟结果表明:井底蒸汽干度越高,SAGD注采效率越好;注采比影响蒸汽腔的发育范围,优选注采比约为0.9;模拟蒸汽腔的发育极限以确定相邻SAGD井组的干扰范围,优选SAGD井组间距离约为75m。为指导SAGD井位布置,模拟低物性段分布的影响,注采井之间存在低物性段,可以防止汽窜,注汽井上部存在低物性段却阻碍蒸汽腔的发育。

馆陶油藏SAGD动态监测技术应用

2005年馆陶油藏开始实施SAGD先导试验,试验的成功离不开油藏监测系统提供的大量数据跟踪,为其他生产井顺利转驱提供了依据,也解决了馆陶油藏开发中存在的各种问题。观察井光纤测井温技术在SAGD调控中最为稳定,数据最准确,观察井定期管内测井温解决了实时数据失准的情况,并结合动静态资料判断出汽腔扩展过程中遇到的低物性段的问题,对比低物性段改造试验前,井组日产提高40t;时移微重力监测能有效监测出剩余油富集区,通过对富集区试采并推广,该区域阶段挖潜6000t产量;在观察井较少的情况下,水平井井温剖面测试能判断水平井温场的形成及与周边直井热连通情况,促进生产井转驱进程,生产井多点温压远程监测能指导科学动态调控,避免汽窜、闪蒸发生,及时调整生产参数。多种监测技术联用促使馆陶SAGD生产规模逐渐扩大,年产油由最初的4×10~4t发展到23×10~4t,取得了较好的经济效益,为其工业化发展奠定了重要基础。

SAGD调控技术研究及对策

本文通过对油藏精细描述,对各井组动态调控的准确性、有效性、及时性进行量化,有效改善了SAGD开发效果。

皖北方言的动词重叠式“VV的”

皖北方言"VV的"具有一系列不同于普通话"VV的"句法表现。"VV的"中的"的"必不可少,"VV的"不能变换为"V一下(一会儿)",不带宾语,重叠形式的第二个音节不轻读,可以前加"别"或"没有"进行否定,不用于非现实情态,具有很低的及物性。"VV的"的基本语法意义是侧重动作行为的持续、反复,凸显动作行为的进行是其派生语法意义。除此之外,"VV的"具有生动性。"VV的"的某些句法特征与现有的关于汉语南北方言动词重叠的有关概括并不完全一致。

中深层油藏直平组合SAGD动态调控技术研究

本文通过精细地质体研究,明确低物性段下SAGD的生产规律,建立不同阶段井组的生产参数标准,以subcool值为核心量化调控标准,以"以采定注、以注定采"为调控原则的调控体系,确定调控时机和调控依据。

Theoretical Study on Electronic Transport Properties of Oligothiophene Molecular Devices

Based on the first-principles computational method and the elastic scattering Green＇s function theory, we have investigated the electronic transport properties of different oligothiophene molecular junctions theoretically. The numerical results show that the difference of geometric symmetries of the oligothiophene molecules leads to the difference of the contact configurations between the molecule and the electrodes, which results in the difference of the coupling parameters between the molecules and electrodes as well as the delocalization properties of the molecular orbitals. Hence, the series of oligothiophene molecular junctions display unusual conductive properties on the length dependence.

药物性低镁血症27例临床分析

目的探讨在普通人群中药物性低镁血症的特点及规律,为临床早期诊断和治疗提供依据。方法回顾分析2009年1月1日至2011年1月1日期间收治的27例药物性低镁血症患者的临床资料。结果本组27例药物性低镁血症中,女性15例,男性12例(1.25:1);年龄16～76岁。致病药物中利尿药物居首位,其次分别为抗病毒类药物、抗肿瘤类药物、免疫抑制剂及抗寄生虫类药物等。结论对临床药物所致低镁血症,首要应以预防为主,一旦确诊,应及时补充镁盐,但完全补足体内缺镁需时较长,需解除症状后持续补镁1～3周。

Study on low temperature performance of Gussasphalt on steel decks with hard bitumen

Using a Hamburg wheel-track test device, the resistance to rutting of Gussasphalt is tested and compared. Gussasphalt with hard bitumen has good resistance to rutting. The related resistance abilities to cracking at low temperature of Gussasphalt are tested and compared through flexural experiments and the composite structure fatigue test with temperature dropping. Gussasphalt with high performance polymer modified bitumen has a longer fatigue life and a lower breaking temperature; they can be used in the future surfaces for steel bridge decks in Germany.

Changes in Metabolite Contents in Melon Seedling Leaves under Low Temperature Stress

In this study, Zaotian No.l, a major melon cultivar in Anhui Province, was used as the test material. At the three-leaf stage, the seedlings of Zaotian No.1 were transferred into a light incubator at day/night temperature of 5 ℃（3/5 ℃. The photoperiod was 12 L：12 D, and the light intensity was 100 iJmoV（rn=.s）. The incu- bation lasted for 8 d. After the incubation, the changes in metabolite contents in melon seedling leaves were studied. The results showed that with the proceeding of low temperature stress, the H~ content was increased first and then decreased; the MDA content was increased in overall; the soluble sugar content and soluble protein content were also increased compared with those in the control group. It was speculated that low temperature stress affected activities of enzymes in melon seedling leaves, and long-term low temperature stress caused cold damage to melon seedlings, leading changes in metabolite contents in melon seedling leaves. Under low temperature stress, the physiological characteristics of plant can be studied by investigating changes in contents of main metabolites. This will provide a theo- retical basis for breeding of cold resistant cultivars, as well as facility cultivation.

Influence of preparation methods on the physicochemical properties and catalytic performance of MnO_x-CeO_2 catalysts for NH_3-SCR at low temperature

This work examines the influence of preparation methods on the physicochemical properties and catalytic performance of MnOx‐CeO2 catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3 (NH3‐SCR) at low temperature. Five different methods, namely, mechanical mixing, impregnation,hydrothermal treatment, co‐precipitation, and a sol‐gel technique, were used to synthesizeMnOx‐CeO2 catalysts. The catalysts were characterized in detail, and an NH3‐SCR model reaction waschosen to evaluate the catalytic performance. The results showed that the preparation methodsaffected the catalytic performance in the order: hydrothermal treatment > sol‐gel > co‐precipitation> impregnation > mechanical mixing. This order correlated with the surface Ce3+ and Mn4+ content,oxygen vacancies and surface adsorbed oxygen species concentration, and the amount of acidic sitesand acidic strength. This trend is related to redox interactions between MnOx and CeO2. The catalystformed by a hydrothermal treatment exhibited excellent physicochemical properties, optimal catalyticperformance, and good H2O resistance in NH3‐SCR reaction. This was attributed to incorporationof Mnn+ into the CeO2 lattice to form a uniform ceria‐based solid solution (containing Mn‐O‐Cestructures). Strengthening of the electronic interactions between MnOx and CeO2, driven by thehigh‐temperature and high‐pressure conditions during the hydrothermal treatment also improved the catalyst characteristics. Thus, the hydrothermal treatment method is an efficient and environment‐friendly route to synthesizing low‐temperature denitrification (deNOx) catalysts.

Magneli phase titanium sub-oxide conductive ceramic Ti_nO_(2n-1) as support for electrocatalyst toward oxygen reduction reaction with high activity and stability

Magneli phase titanium sub-oxide conductive ceramic Tin O2n-1 was used as the support for Pt due to its excellent resistance to electrochemical oxidation, and Pt/Tin O2n-1 composites were prepared by the impregnation-reduction method. The electrochemical stability of Tin O2n-1 was investigated and the results show almost no change in the redox region after oxidation for 20 h at 1.2 V(vs NHE) in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 aqueous solution. The catalytic activity and stability of the Pt/Tin O2n-1 toward the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution were investigated through the accelerated aging tests(AAT), and the morphology of the catalysts before and after the AAT was observed by transmission electron microscopy. At the potential of 0.55 V(vs SCE), the specific kinetic current density of the ORR on the Pt/Tin O2n-1 is about 1.5 times that of the Pt/C. The LSV curves for the Pt/C shift negatively obviously with the half-wave potential shifting about 0.02 V after 8000 cycles AAT, while no obvious change takes place for the LSV curves for the Pt/Tin O2n-1. The Pt particles supported on the carbon aggregate obviously, while the morphology of the Pt supported on Tin O2n-1 remains almost unchanged, which contributes to the electrochemical surface area loss of Pt/C being about 2times that of the Pt/Tin O2n-1. The superior catalytic stability of Pt/Tin O2n-1 toward the ORR could be attributed to the excellent stability of the Tin O2n-1 and the electronic interaction between the metals and the support.

Relationship between process mineralogical characterization and beneficiability of low-grade laterite nickel ore

Process mineralogy of low-grade laterite nickel ore in Indonesia was systematically characterized and the beneficiation process of mineral components such as limonite,serpentine and chromite was studied on the basis of process mineralogy.The results show that the low-grade laterite nickel ore is a typical weathering sedimentary metamorphic oxidized ore,with the main valuable elements of Ni,Co and Cr and the main mineral components of limonite,serpentine,chromite,etc.There is no independent carrier mineral of Ni and Co in the raw ore,and the occurrence states of Ni and Co are relatively dispersed.For the limonite in laterite nickel mine,the nickel bearing magnetite concentrate with nickel grade of 1.98%and recovery rate of 88.42%can be obtained by reduction roasting magnetic separation process.For the serpentine in laterite nickel mine,the cobalt bearing concentrate with Co grade of 0.17%and recovery rate of 23.17%can be obtained by positive and reverse flotation process.A chromium concentrate containing 35.17%Cr_(2)O_(3) and a recovery of 33.42%can be obtained by using the combined process of coarse and fine classification and gravity and magnetic.