以低回收价值高环境影响(low commercial value and high environmental impact,LCV-HEI)末端产品(end of life,EOL)回收再利用为目的,在LCV-HEI类EOL产品闭环供应链模型运行机制分析的基础上,通过构建演化博弈模型,研究了原始制造商(or...以低回收价值高环境影响(low commercial value and high environmental impact,LCV-HEI)末端产品(end of life,EOL)回收再利用为目的,在LCV-HEI类EOL产品闭环供应链模型运行机制分析的基础上,通过构建演化博弈模型,研究了原始制造商(origin equipment manufacture,OEM)和EOL处置中心群体在市场机制下的长期演化特征,分析了两个群体在演化过程中的策略选择及稳定均衡点.研究结果表明,需要将OEM再制品价格控制在合理区间.此时,(回收,再利用)策略才成为EOL处置中心与OEM群体的唯一策略,这更有利于促进EOL产品的回收及再利用.并且OEM选择再利用策略,不管利润如何,政府对单位产品补贴满足一定条件,可以促进两个群体演化形成唯一均衡点(1,1).展开更多
In this study, life cycle assessment of oxygen-18 by using cryogenic distillation of oxygen is performed using SimaPro 8.3 software. Life cycle assessment is performed to understand the environmental profile and hotsp...In this study, life cycle assessment of oxygen-18 by using cryogenic distillation of oxygen is performed using SimaPro 8.3 software. Life cycle assessment is performed to understand the environmental profile and hotspots of this process in order to be used in design and development. Simulation of oxygen-18 process is executed by Hysys software, and the required inputs and outputs for inventory of life cycle were acquired. By doing life cycle assessment and considering achieved results after characterization and normalization of inventory data it has been investigated that in the majority of environmental impacts electricity consumption has a huge contribution relative to other parts of the system like liquefied oxygen production from air separation unit,required facilities for air separation and oxygen-18 units, and needed transportation. Also, among 17 impact categories investigated in ReCiPe impact assessment method, fossil depletion, climate change(human health),particulate matter formation, climate change(ecosystem), human toxicity, and metal depletion have the most contribution in entire environmental loads respectively. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis showed that changing life cycle impact assessment method from ReCiPe to IMPACT 2002+ has no significant effect on acquired results and results are confident. In addition, assumption of market for depleted oxygen from heavy isotopes which is withdrawn from top of distillation columns showed some positive effects compared to first case and environmental impacts resulted from liquefied oxygen production(feed) reduced but because of huge contribution of electricity consumption compared to other sections, this positive effect has no remarkable influence on entire environmental loads of product system.展开更多
文摘以低回收价值高环境影响(low commercial value and high environmental impact,LCV-HEI)末端产品(end of life,EOL)回收再利用为目的,在LCV-HEI类EOL产品闭环供应链模型运行机制分析的基础上,通过构建演化博弈模型,研究了原始制造商(origin equipment manufacture,OEM)和EOL处置中心群体在市场机制下的长期演化特征,分析了两个群体在演化过程中的策略选择及稳定均衡点.研究结果表明,需要将OEM再制品价格控制在合理区间.此时,(回收,再利用)策略才成为EOL处置中心与OEM群体的唯一策略,这更有利于促进EOL产品的回收及再利用.并且OEM选择再利用策略,不管利润如何,政府对单位产品补贴满足一定条件,可以促进两个群体演化形成唯一均衡点(1,1).
文摘In this study, life cycle assessment of oxygen-18 by using cryogenic distillation of oxygen is performed using SimaPro 8.3 software. Life cycle assessment is performed to understand the environmental profile and hotspots of this process in order to be used in design and development. Simulation of oxygen-18 process is executed by Hysys software, and the required inputs and outputs for inventory of life cycle were acquired. By doing life cycle assessment and considering achieved results after characterization and normalization of inventory data it has been investigated that in the majority of environmental impacts electricity consumption has a huge contribution relative to other parts of the system like liquefied oxygen production from air separation unit,required facilities for air separation and oxygen-18 units, and needed transportation. Also, among 17 impact categories investigated in ReCiPe impact assessment method, fossil depletion, climate change(human health),particulate matter formation, climate change(ecosystem), human toxicity, and metal depletion have the most contribution in entire environmental loads respectively. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis showed that changing life cycle impact assessment method from ReCiPe to IMPACT 2002+ has no significant effect on acquired results and results are confident. In addition, assumption of market for depleted oxygen from heavy isotopes which is withdrawn from top of distillation columns showed some positive effects compared to first case and environmental impacts resulted from liquefied oxygen production(feed) reduced but because of huge contribution of electricity consumption compared to other sections, this positive effect has no remarkable influence on entire environmental loads of product system.