低碳全球化:一个全球化的新命题

随着低碳经济、低碳发展、低碳技术等低碳概念的兴起,低碳全球化概念应运而生。低碳全球化是未来世界经济的重要特征,也是世界经济低碳化发展的重要趋势,它是经济全球化低碳转型的重要标志和最终表现形式,它将引领全球生产模式、生活方式、价值观念和国家权益发生深刻变革。

低碳全球化是全球化的一个新命题

"低碳全球化"新命题提出的现实背景是当前全球化的低迷,是应对气候变化,实现经济发展转型的必然要求。近年来,在应对全球气候变化的浪潮中,低碳理念得到了各方响应,逐渐成为全球共识。发展低碳经济已经陆续进入各发达国家的战略规划。低碳经济现在已是一个全球化的课题,随着低碳经济、低碳发展、低碳技术等低碳概念的兴起,"低碳全球化"概念便也应运而生。

论全球化与生态危机治理的低碳转型

经济全球化既加剧了全球生态危机,又推动了生态危机的全球化治理。新一轮以生态危机治理为动力和主题的低碳全球化潮流,必将带来国际政治经济新秩序的变迁和新的低碳文明模式的形成,也必将从根本上促进全球生态危机的治理,使人与自然和谐发展。我国在积极应对气候变化强调低碳发展的同时,要警惕和防止新的生态风险,为此,必须进行适应全球化时代低碳转型需要的经济、政治与社会变革。

以科技创新促进节能减排的战略研究

科技创新技术在促进节能减排方面起着重要的作用。通过提高能源利用效率和减少排放,可以实现可持续发展。当前,人工智能、大数据分析和机器学习等技术在能源管理和工业生产方面的应用正处于快速发展阶段。同时,开发新材料也是重要的科技创新方向之一。通过持续加大对科技创新的投入,我们可以进一步推动科技创新的发展,为节能减排做出更大的贡献。

Discussion on the Mode of China's Low-carbon Society and Construction Routes

In responding to global climate change,the idea of low-carbon economy emerges as the times require.Developing low-carbon economy is based on the construction of low-carbon society.The so called "two-orientation society"(resources conservation orientated society and environmental friendly orientated society) is the concrete representation of low-carbon society with Chinese characteristics,and an actual action for China in developing low-carbon economy.Based on urban agglomeration,the paper discusses the meaning of and the route to low-carbon society which would better reflect the intrinsic requirements of such a society.

Global Trend of Low-carbon Economy and China's Responses

Based on the analysis on the global economic crisis,climate change crisis and their mutual underlying reasons,the authors believe that low-carbon economy has become an inevitable choice to break through the dual crises,coordinate the economic development,and protect the global climate.The global trend of low-carbon economy finds expression in Green Recovery currently,while,in a long run,it will give rise to a new pattern of world competition in politics,economy,technology,trade and finance.The impact of the global trend of low-carbon economy on China can not be overlooked,and it is both a challenge and an opportunity for China＇s future development.Based on comparative studies on the low-carbon economy of China,the U.S.,EU and Japan,the authors conclude that China should blaze a new path of lowcarbon economy development with Chinese characteristics,and the authors have put forward relevant countermeasures for China to address the global trend of low-carbon economy from angles of countries,enterprises and the public

China's Voluntary Mitigation Target and Road of Low-carbon Development

China is going through a rapid development stage of industrialization and urbanization.Although tremendous achievements have been made in the aspects of energy conservation,improvement of energy effectiveness and development of new and renewable energies,because of the rapid development of economy,it is difficult to change the huge total amount and fast increase of CO2 emission in the near future.China has to confront the tough challenge to address global climate change.China plans to reduce carbon intensity,that is,CO2 emissions per unit GDP,by 40 to 45% by 2020 compared with the 2005 level.It is a strategic option to coordinate domestic sustainable development with coping with global climate change on the basis of China's national circumstances,representing the core content and key measures for transforming development pattern and realizing low-carbon development.To achieve the target,more capital and technology inputs are required for energy conservation and low-carbon development during the twelfth and Thirteenth Five Year Plan period than in the Eleventh Five Year Plan period.In addition,energy conservation achieved by structural adjustment,industrial upgrading and product value-added improvement is also expected to play a greater role.Therefore,China should strengthen technological innovation,make greater efforts to transform the development pattern,take advantage of the synergistic effect of policies and measures while coping with global climate change and building a domestic tow-oriented society.China should also establish an industrial system characterized by low-carbon emission.Then China will ultimately achieve a win-win situation in both domestic sustainable development and coping with global climate change.

Review on carbon emissions, energy consumption and low-carbon economy in China from a perspective of global climate change

Accompanying the rapid growth of China's population and economy, energy consumption and carbon emission increased significantly from 1978 to 2012. China is now the largest energy consumer and CO2 emitter of the world, leading to much interest in researches on the nexus between energy consumption, carbon emissions and low-carbon economy. This article presents the domestic Chinese studies on this hotpot issue, and we obtain the following findings. First, most research fields involve geography, ecology and resource economics, and research contents contained some analysis of current situation, factors decomposition, predictive analysis and the introduction of methods and models. Second, there exists an inverted "U-shaped" curve connection between carbon emission, energy consumption and economic development. Energy consumption in China will be in a low-speed growth after 2035 and it is expected to peak between 6.19–12.13 billion TCE in 2050. China's carbon emissions are expected to peak in 2035, or during 2020 to 2045, and the optimal range of carbon emissions is between 2.4–3.3 PgC/year(1 PgC=1 billion tons C) in 2050. Third, future research should be focused on global carbon trading, regional carbon flows, reforming the current energy structure, reducing energy consumption and innovating the low-carbon economic theory, as well as establishing a comprehensive theoretical system of energy consumption, carbon emissions and low-carbon economy.

Comparing simulated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration with GOSAT retrievals

Satellite observations of atmospheric carbon dioxide （CO2） provide a useful way to improve the understanding of global carbon cycling. In this paper, we present a comparison between simulated CO2 concentrations from an inversion model of the CarbonTracker Data Assimilation System （CTDAS） and satellite-based CO2 measurements of column-averaged dry air mole fraction （denoted XCO2） derived from version 3.3 Atmospheric CO2 Observations from Space retrievals of the Greenhouse Gases Observing SATellite （ACOS-GOSAT） L2 data products. We examine the differences of CTDAS and GOSAT to provide important guidance for the further investigation of CTDAS in order to quantify the corre- sponding flux estimates with satellite-based CO2 observations. We find that the mean point-by-point difference （CTDAS-GOSAT） between CTDAS and GOSAT XCO2 is -0.11 4-1.81 ppm, with a high agreement （correlation r = 0.77, P 〈 0.05） over the studied period. The latitudinal zonal variations of CTDAS and GOSAT are in general agreement with clear seasonal fluctuations. The major exception occurs in the zonal band of 0°-15°N where the difference is approximately 4 ppm, indicating that large uncertainty may exist in the assimilated CO2 for the low- latitude region of the Northem Hemisphere （NH）. Additionally, we find that the hemispherical/continental differences between CTDAS and GOSAT are typically less than 1 ppm, but obvious discrepancies occur in different hemispheres/continents, with high consistency （point-by-point correlation r = 0.79, P 〈 0.05） in the NH and a weak correlation （point-by-point correlation r = 0.65, P 〈 0.05） in the Southern Hemisphere. Overall, the difference of CTDAS and GOSAT is small, and the comparison of CTDAS and GOSAT will further instruct the inverse modeling of CO2 fluxes using GOSAT.