低碳经济背景下现代农业发展模式探讨

在全球气候变暖的时代背景下,农业生产导致的碳排放量及引发的环境问题已不容世人所忽视。目前,我国对低碳农业的探索正处于起步阶段,以农业温室气体减排和农业增汇减碳为目标的低碳农业发展模式,将成为现代农业未来发展的主要趋势。就此,以高碳型农业较为发达的广东省为案例,从低碳经济视角分析当前农业发展现状特征,存在的主要问题,影响农业低碳发展的主要因素;并由此探讨发展低碳农业的主要路径选择,以推进我国农业发展逐步实行低碳生产,从而实现农业发展方式的转型升级。

低碳农业联合生产的绩效评估及其影响因素分析

低碳农业生产过程严格遵循联合生产原则,最终目标在于实现期望农产品与期望碳汇产品、非期望碳排放产品之间的耦合关系分别得以加强、脱钩,在实际生产过程中已逐步形成六种低碳农业发展模式。农业碳计量测算结果显示,不同模式的总碳产量、单位碳产量存在一定差异,但最终均实现了净碳汇量的盈余。其中,免耕、秸秆还田和粪肥配施有助于提升耕地的固碳能力,而标准化的技术集成则更有利于农业生产实现良好的固碳减排效果;DEA-RAM模型测算得出技术集成固碳减排模式表现出较高的联合生产效率水平,在经济效益和生态效益两个方面实现联合生产绩效最优,而导致联合生产非效率的因素在于农业生产要素投入的冗余;农户的行为选择对低碳农业联合生产的资本、劳动力和技术等生产要素投入产生重要影响,各因素在不同模式中影响的显著性和重要程度存在一定差异。

中国低碳农业发展研究

低碳经济是世界发展的大趋势,低碳农业是发展低碳经济的重要组成部分,其科学内涵是一个系统的体系。中国要根据低碳农业的科学内涵,确立低碳农业的减源型和增汇型发展模式,进行低碳乡村建设,并且明确发展低碳农业的路径选择,从而顺利实现由高碳农业向低碳农业转型的目标。

Low-carbon Agriculture Development Models in Southern Jiangsu Province

[Objective] To investigate the appropriate low-carbon agriculture model in Southern Jiangsu Province. [Method] Through the analysis of regional features in Southern Jiangsu and several matured low-carbon agriculture development models at present, the low-carbon agriculture development modes suitable for Southern Jiangsu were investigated, and corresponding supporting measures for the development of the models were put forward. [Result] Low-carbon agriculture is the environment- friendly agriculture which achieves low emissions, low pollution, high efficiency and high-yield through efficient recycling of energy and resources and continuous im- provements on ecological environment. With a variety of development models, the specific development model for practical use should be determined according to the local conditions, and supported by corresponding supporting measures, to achieve the rapid development of low-carbon agriculture. [Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for the development of low-carbon agriculture model in Southern Jiangsu.