Catalytic pyrolysis process(CPP)producing ethylene and propylene from paraffin base atmospheric residue was developed by RIPP and its first in the world unit was put into commercial operation successfully.The results ...Catalytic pyrolysis process(CPP)producing ethylene and propylene from paraffin base atmospheric residue was developed by RIPP and its first in the world unit was put into commercial operation successfully.The results of performance test showed that the yield of ethylene and propylene reached 14.84% and 22.21% ,respectively,at a reaction temperature of610℃by using Daqing atmospheric residue as the feedstock under an operation mode of producing ethylene and propylene at the same time,and the aromatic content of cracked naphtha reached 82.46% .The successful operation of this unit has opened a novel route for producing light olefins and aromatics from heavy oil,which is also a good example symbolizing the integration of refining technology with petrochemical process.展开更多
Polyacrylamide （PAM） film was electrosynthesized on mild steel by cyclic voltammetry using Ce （IV） salt-oxalic acid as supporting electrolyte. Polymerization was initiated by a free radical that was formed by the ...Polyacrylamide （PAM） film was electrosynthesized on mild steel by cyclic voltammetry using Ce （IV） salt-oxalic acid as supporting electrolyte. Polymerization was initiated by a free radical that was formed by the fast reaction of oxalic acid and Ce （IV）. The electrolysis of the reaction solution resulted in regeneration of Ce （IV）, which could oxidize oxalic acid to produce radicals. The effect of temperature on the yield of electroinitiated polymerization was performed. The potential sweep rates were changed to achieve the polymer film with different thickness. Protective properties of the PAM film for corrosion of mild steel in 1 M NaCI aqueous solution were investigated by potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS）. The structure of PAM film on mild steel was investigated by using physicochemical methods such as elemental analysis of C, H, N, physical chemical methods and FTIR spectrometer. The influence of scan repetition and scan rate on the formation of polymer film was studied at a current density of 1 mA/cm2. The results of these studies reveal that the corrosion resistance of the PAM-coated mild steel was significantly higher and the corrosion rate was considerably lower than that of uncoated steel. The PAM film was formed with lower sweep rate leading to more positive shift of corrosion potential and greater charge transfer resistance, reflecting higher inhibition for corrosion of the mild steel.展开更多
Combining modem Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD） evaluator with optimization method, a new approach of hullform design for low carbon shipping is presented. Using the approach, the designers may find the minimum o...Combining modem Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD） evaluator with optimization method, a new approach of hullform design for low carbon shipping is presented. Using the approach, the designers may find the minimum of some user-defined objective functions under constrains. An example of the approach application for a surface combatant hull optimization is demonstrated. In the procedure, the Particle Swarm Optimization （PSO） algorithm is adopted for exploring the design space, and the Bezier patch method is chosen to automatically modify the geometry of bulb. The total resistance is assessed by RANS solvers. It＇s shown that the total resistance coefficient of the optimized design is reduced by about 6.6% comparing with the original design. The given combatant design optimization example demonstrates the practicability and superiority of the proposed approach for low carbon shipping.展开更多
The key project'Nano-scale catalyst and related process research and development activity for high-efficiency synthesis of mixed lower alcohols from syngas'undertaken by the Shanghai Senior Research Institute ...The key project'Nano-scale catalyst and related process research and development activity for high-efficiency synthesis of mixed lower alcohols from syngas'undertaken by the Shanghai Senior Research Institute of CAS has passed the acceptance tests by the expert group organized by the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission.展开更多
The complex reaction system of the coal gasification coupling C1 reaction was analyzed based on the principles of thermodynamics. The results show that an increase in the temperature is beneficial to the generation of...The complex reaction system of the coal gasification coupling C1 reaction was analyzed based on the principles of thermodynamics. The results show that an increase in the temperature is beneficial to the generation of hydrocarbons with high carbon-atom contents, in which the alkane yield is higher than the alkene yield. The complex reaction system consisting of C, H20, CO, CO2, H2, C2H4, C3H6 and C4Hs was studied, and the obtained results indicated that when the maximum mole fraction content of C2-C4 olefins was regarded as the optimized objective function, the optimum temperature was approximately 648 K, the pressure was 0.1 MPa, the feed ratio was approximately 0.6, and the maximum mole fraction content of C2-C4 olefins was approximately 28.24%. The thermodynamic simulation and calculation of the complex reaction system can provide a basis for the determination and optimization of actual process conditions and are therefore of great theoretical and practical significance.展开更多
Ammonia volatilization is a major process of N （nitrogen） loss that affects the environment. The best way of capturing volatilized ammonia-N could be using zeolite as a good ion exchange medium before it gets either...Ammonia volatilization is a major process of N （nitrogen） loss that affects the environment. The best way of capturing volatilized ammonia-N could be using zeolite as a good ion exchange medium before it gets either volatilized or nitrified. Thus, captured ammonia-N could be used as a source of inorganic nitrogen in ponds to promote algal production without adding additional organic carbon and BOD （biochemical oxygen demand）. The zeolite used for the study was a commercially available zeolite, （CLINZEX） which was a fine powder （CEC （cation exchange capacity） 3.9-4 meq/g）. The experiment was conducted to assess the difference between manure loaded system and zeolite loaded system in terms of water quality, TAN （total ammoniacal nitrogen） release and algal productivity. The difference between the BOD values recorded in both the controls and treatments utilizing chicken manure as source of manure-N remained mostly above 10 ppm. Similarly, the difference between mean COD （chemical oxygen demand） values of control and treatment tanks always remained above 7 ppm. All the experimental tanks loaded with zeolite samples from chicken manure showed range of variation in TAN values （0.018-0.08 mg/1）. The range of values of chlorophyll a （1,029-5,150 mg/m~） recorded in the treatment tanks was higher than the values （54.6-1347 mg/m3） of chlorophyll a in the control tanks. F-test analysis done using highest mean values of BOD, COD, TAN and chlorophyll a showed a highly significant （P 〈 0.01） variation between the treatment and control tanks and at the same time no significant variation was found between time intervals.展开更多
Ecological culture has a low-carbon attribute,which coincides with the concepts of energy conservation and emission reduction in low-carbon tourism.Analyzing the differences in the public perception of the two is of g...Ecological culture has a low-carbon attribute,which coincides with the concepts of energy conservation and emission reduction in low-carbon tourism.Analyzing the differences in the public perception of the two is of great significance for achieving the carbon neutral goal of tourism.Firstly,the views of nature,equality and ecology in ecological culture,as well as the cognition and participation willingness for low-carbon tourism were identified by using the principal component analysis method.Secondly,all samples were divided into four types of ecological culture cognition:sufficient,relatively sufficient,general and poorer,by the K-means clustering method.Thirdly,significant differences in the low-carbon tourism cognition among different types were revealed by using the ANOVA method.Finally,the influences of the main demographic characteristics on the low-carbon tourism cognition were analyzed.This analysis showed that gender,age,education level and income level had significant differences in some aspects of low-carbon tourism cognition and participation willingness,especially education level.On this basis,several corresponding strategies were put forward for managing the cognitive differences of the different types,which could contribute to the realization of the carbon neutral vision of tourism.展开更多
文摘Catalytic pyrolysis process(CPP)producing ethylene and propylene from paraffin base atmospheric residue was developed by RIPP and its first in the world unit was put into commercial operation successfully.The results of performance test showed that the yield of ethylene and propylene reached 14.84% and 22.21% ,respectively,at a reaction temperature of610℃by using Daqing atmospheric residue as the feedstock under an operation mode of producing ethylene and propylene at the same time,and the aromatic content of cracked naphtha reached 82.46% .The successful operation of this unit has opened a novel route for producing light olefins and aromatics from heavy oil,which is also a good example symbolizing the integration of refining technology with petrochemical process.
文摘Polyacrylamide （PAM） film was electrosynthesized on mild steel by cyclic voltammetry using Ce （IV） salt-oxalic acid as supporting electrolyte. Polymerization was initiated by a free radical that was formed by the fast reaction of oxalic acid and Ce （IV）. The electrolysis of the reaction solution resulted in regeneration of Ce （IV）, which could oxidize oxalic acid to produce radicals. The effect of temperature on the yield of electroinitiated polymerization was performed. The potential sweep rates were changed to achieve the polymer film with different thickness. Protective properties of the PAM film for corrosion of mild steel in 1 M NaCI aqueous solution were investigated by potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS）. The structure of PAM film on mild steel was investigated by using physicochemical methods such as elemental analysis of C, H, N, physical chemical methods and FTIR spectrometer. The influence of scan repetition and scan rate on the formation of polymer film was studied at a current density of 1 mA/cm2. The results of these studies reveal that the corrosion resistance of the PAM-coated mild steel was significantly higher and the corrosion rate was considerably lower than that of uncoated steel. The PAM film was formed with lower sweep rate leading to more positive shift of corrosion potential and greater charge transfer resistance, reflecting higher inhibition for corrosion of the mild steel.
文摘Combining modem Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD） evaluator with optimization method, a new approach of hullform design for low carbon shipping is presented. Using the approach, the designers may find the minimum of some user-defined objective functions under constrains. An example of the approach application for a surface combatant hull optimization is demonstrated. In the procedure, the Particle Swarm Optimization （PSO） algorithm is adopted for exploring the design space, and the Bezier patch method is chosen to automatically modify the geometry of bulb. The total resistance is assessed by RANS solvers. It＇s shown that the total resistance coefficient of the optimized design is reduced by about 6.6% comparing with the original design. The given combatant design optimization example demonstrates the practicability and superiority of the proposed approach for low carbon shipping.
文摘The key project'Nano-scale catalyst and related process research and development activity for high-efficiency synthesis of mixed lower alcohols from syngas'undertaken by the Shanghai Senior Research Institute of CAS has passed the acceptance tests by the expert group organized by the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC Grant No. 51706168)
文摘The complex reaction system of the coal gasification coupling C1 reaction was analyzed based on the principles of thermodynamics. The results show that an increase in the temperature is beneficial to the generation of hydrocarbons with high carbon-atom contents, in which the alkane yield is higher than the alkene yield. The complex reaction system consisting of C, H20, CO, CO2, H2, C2H4, C3H6 and C4Hs was studied, and the obtained results indicated that when the maximum mole fraction content of C2-C4 olefins was regarded as the optimized objective function, the optimum temperature was approximately 648 K, the pressure was 0.1 MPa, the feed ratio was approximately 0.6, and the maximum mole fraction content of C2-C4 olefins was approximately 28.24%. The thermodynamic simulation and calculation of the complex reaction system can provide a basis for the determination and optimization of actual process conditions and are therefore of great theoretical and practical significance.
文摘Ammonia volatilization is a major process of N （nitrogen） loss that affects the environment. The best way of capturing volatilized ammonia-N could be using zeolite as a good ion exchange medium before it gets either volatilized or nitrified. Thus, captured ammonia-N could be used as a source of inorganic nitrogen in ponds to promote algal production without adding additional organic carbon and BOD （biochemical oxygen demand）. The zeolite used for the study was a commercially available zeolite, （CLINZEX） which was a fine powder （CEC （cation exchange capacity） 3.9-4 meq/g）. The experiment was conducted to assess the difference between manure loaded system and zeolite loaded system in terms of water quality, TAN （total ammoniacal nitrogen） release and algal productivity. The difference between the BOD values recorded in both the controls and treatments utilizing chicken manure as source of manure-N remained mostly above 10 ppm. Similarly, the difference between mean COD （chemical oxygen demand） values of control and treatment tanks always remained above 7 ppm. All the experimental tanks loaded with zeolite samples from chicken manure showed range of variation in TAN values （0.018-0.08 mg/1）. The range of values of chlorophyll a （1,029-5,150 mg/m~） recorded in the treatment tanks was higher than the values （54.6-1347 mg/m3） of chlorophyll a in the control tanks. F-test analysis done using highest mean values of BOD, COD, TAN and chlorophyll a showed a highly significant （P 〈 0.01） variation between the treatment and control tanks and at the same time no significant variation was found between time intervals.
基金The Special Research Project on Science and Technology Strategy of Shanxi Province(202104031402065,202104031402061)。
文摘Ecological culture has a low-carbon attribute,which coincides with the concepts of energy conservation and emission reduction in low-carbon tourism.Analyzing the differences in the public perception of the two is of great significance for achieving the carbon neutral goal of tourism.Firstly,the views of nature,equality and ecology in ecological culture,as well as the cognition and participation willingness for low-carbon tourism were identified by using the principal component analysis method.Secondly,all samples were divided into four types of ecological culture cognition:sufficient,relatively sufficient,general and poorer,by the K-means clustering method.Thirdly,significant differences in the low-carbon tourism cognition among different types were revealed by using the ANOVA method.Finally,the influences of the main demographic characteristics on the low-carbon tourism cognition were analyzed.This analysis showed that gender,age,education level and income level had significant differences in some aspects of low-carbon tourism cognition and participation willingness,especially education level.On this basis,several corresponding strategies were put forward for managing the cognitive differences of the different types,which could contribute to the realization of the carbon neutral vision of tourism.
