X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH), autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets, hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria, and tumor-ind uced osteomalacia share clinical and biochemical features, a...X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH), autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets, hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria, and tumor-ind uced osteomalacia share clinical and biochemical features, and are collectively referred to as hypophosphatemic rickets (HR). Recently, the molecular bases of H R were elucidated. A review of medical records and mutational analyses of the PH EX and FGF23 genes were performed on 17 unrelated Korean children with HR. The m ale-to-female ratio was 3:14, and 5 patients were familial. Initial laboratory tests revealed typical features of HR. Seven different PHEX mutations were dete cted in 8 patients: 2 missense mutations, 2 nonsense mutations, and 3 short dele tions. No functional FGF23 mutation was detected in any patient. Patients with t he PHEX mutation tended to have more severe skeletal disease than those without. Of the patients with this mutation, no genotype-phenotype correlation and no g ene dosage effect were noted. Treatment with vitamin D and phosphate resulted in only a partial growth improvement in most cases, and was frequently complicated by hypercalciuria, hypercalcemia, nephrocalcinosis, or hyperparathyroidism. Ren al glycosuria was detected in six cases and was associated with more severe skel etal disease. We conclude that current HR treatment is not fully safe or effecti ve, and that close monitoring of treatment effectiveness and for complications s hould be performed during long-term treatment. No genotype-phenotype correlati on in XLH was detected in this study, but a large-scaled study on this topic is warranted. The large proportion of patients with a normal genetic study suggest s the possibility of other causative gene(s).展开更多
目的以一个临床表型为低血磷性佝偻病(hypophosphatemic rickets,HR)的家系为研究对象,通过全外显子组测序寻找该家系的致病变异基因,并分析变异的致病性。方法收集HR家系临床资料,进行生化检测。提取先证者DNA,进行临床全外显子组测序...目的以一个临床表型为低血磷性佝偻病(hypophosphatemic rickets,HR)的家系为研究对象,通过全外显子组测序寻找该家系的致病变异基因,并分析变异的致病性。方法收集HR家系临床资料,进行生化检测。提取先证者DNA,进行临床全外显子组测序,并针对可疑致病变异对家系所有成员进行PCR扩增,Sanger测序验证。预测变异的致病性及对蛋白质空间结构的影响。结果该家系共3代,先证者是一位26岁女性,先证者母亲、先证者及其儿子和女儿为患者,临床表现为O型腿、鸡胸、低磷血症,骨骼X线检查、生化检测、成纤维细胞生长因子23(fibroblast growth factor 23,FGF23)检测结果提示低血磷性佝偻病。临床全外显子组测序发现PHEX(NM_000444)c.2193dupT的插入移码杂合变异,该变异可导致编码第732位的天冬酰胺变异为终止密码子(p.N732*),从而出现了蛋白质截短。先证者的母亲、儿子及女儿PHEX基因均存在该变异。根据美国医学遗传学与基因组学学会(American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics,ACMG)对变异的分类标准,分级为可能致病性变异。经查阅文献及查找人类基因突变数据库,该变异均未被报道或收录。结论本研究发现了一个PHEX新致病变异,为该家系的临床诊断和治疗及遗传咨询提供了实验依据。展开更多
目的探讨肾磷阈,即肾小管最大磷重吸收率与肾小球滤过率的比值(ratio of tubular maximum reabsorption of phosphate to glomerular filtration rate,TmP/GFR)在X-连锁低磷性佝偻病(X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets,XLH)患儿诊治中...目的探讨肾磷阈,即肾小管最大磷重吸收率与肾小球滤过率的比值(ratio of tubular maximum reabsorption of phosphate to glomerular filtration rate,TmP/GFR)在X-连锁低磷性佝偻病(X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets,XLH)患儿诊治中的临床价值。方法回顾性纳入2010年1月—2023年1月在南京医科大学附属儿童医院初诊为XLH的83例患儿,收集初诊及随访数据,探讨TmP/GFR与佝偻病严重程度、钙磷代谢指标及磷酸盐治疗量的相关性。根据是否发生肾钙质沉着症将患儿分为肾钙质沉着组(n=47)和非肾钙质沉着组(n=36),比较两组患儿的临床资料。采用多因素logistic回归分析探讨XLH患儿并发肾钙质沉着症的影响因素。使用受试者操作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲线)评估TmP/GFR对XLH患儿并发肾钙质沉着症的预测价值。结果83例XLH患儿初诊时TmP/GFR为(0.78±0.21)mmol/L,个体差异很大(范围:0.28~1.24 mmol/L)。TmP/GFR与XLH患儿佝偻病严重程度无显著相关性(P>0.05)。甲状旁腺激素与TmP/GFR呈负相关(rs=-0.020,P=0.008),血磷(rs=0.384,P<0.001)、血钙(rs=0.251,P<0.001)及25羟维生素D(rs=0.179,P<0.001)与TmP/GFR呈正相关,TmP/GFR与碱性磷酸酶(rs=-0.002,P=0.960)及磷元素治疗剂量(rs=0.012,P=0.800)无显著相关性。肾钙质沉着组的血钙和TmP/GFR均明显低于非肾钙质沉着组(P<0.05),而甲状旁腺激素和尿钙浓度均明显高于非肾钙质沉着组(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,TmP/GFR和尿钙浓度与XLH患儿并发肾钙质沉着症密切相关(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,TmP/GFR、尿钙浓度以及两者联合检测预测XLH患儿并发肾钙质沉着症的曲线下面积分别为0.696、0.679、0.761。结论TmP/GFR可以作为诊断儿童XLH的一项重要指标,然而它并不具备反映佝偻病严重程度及活动性的能力,无法作为判断传统治疗疗效的指标。尿钙浓度和TmP/GFR对XLH患儿并发肾钙质沉着症具有良好的预测价值,可为临床评估XLH患儿发生肾钙质沉着症的风险提供参考。展开更多
文摘X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH), autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets, hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria, and tumor-ind uced osteomalacia share clinical and biochemical features, and are collectively referred to as hypophosphatemic rickets (HR). Recently, the molecular bases of H R were elucidated. A review of medical records and mutational analyses of the PH EX and FGF23 genes were performed on 17 unrelated Korean children with HR. The m ale-to-female ratio was 3:14, and 5 patients were familial. Initial laboratory tests revealed typical features of HR. Seven different PHEX mutations were dete cted in 8 patients: 2 missense mutations, 2 nonsense mutations, and 3 short dele tions. No functional FGF23 mutation was detected in any patient. Patients with t he PHEX mutation tended to have more severe skeletal disease than those without. Of the patients with this mutation, no genotype-phenotype correlation and no g ene dosage effect were noted. Treatment with vitamin D and phosphate resulted in only a partial growth improvement in most cases, and was frequently complicated by hypercalciuria, hypercalcemia, nephrocalcinosis, or hyperparathyroidism. Ren al glycosuria was detected in six cases and was associated with more severe skel etal disease. We conclude that current HR treatment is not fully safe or effecti ve, and that close monitoring of treatment effectiveness and for complications s hould be performed during long-term treatment. No genotype-phenotype correlati on in XLH was detected in this study, but a large-scaled study on this topic is warranted. The large proportion of patients with a normal genetic study suggest s the possibility of other causative gene(s).
文摘目的以一个临床表型为低血磷性佝偻病(hypophosphatemic rickets,HR)的家系为研究对象,通过全外显子组测序寻找该家系的致病变异基因,并分析变异的致病性。方法收集HR家系临床资料,进行生化检测。提取先证者DNA,进行临床全外显子组测序,并针对可疑致病变异对家系所有成员进行PCR扩增,Sanger测序验证。预测变异的致病性及对蛋白质空间结构的影响。结果该家系共3代,先证者是一位26岁女性,先证者母亲、先证者及其儿子和女儿为患者,临床表现为O型腿、鸡胸、低磷血症,骨骼X线检查、生化检测、成纤维细胞生长因子23(fibroblast growth factor 23,FGF23)检测结果提示低血磷性佝偻病。临床全外显子组测序发现PHEX(NM_000444)c.2193dupT的插入移码杂合变异,该变异可导致编码第732位的天冬酰胺变异为终止密码子(p.N732*),从而出现了蛋白质截短。先证者的母亲、儿子及女儿PHEX基因均存在该变异。根据美国医学遗传学与基因组学学会(American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics,ACMG)对变异的分类标准,分级为可能致病性变异。经查阅文献及查找人类基因突变数据库,该变异均未被报道或收录。结论本研究发现了一个PHEX新致病变异,为该家系的临床诊断和治疗及遗传咨询提供了实验依据。
文摘目的探讨肾磷阈,即肾小管最大磷重吸收率与肾小球滤过率的比值(ratio of tubular maximum reabsorption of phosphate to glomerular filtration rate,TmP/GFR)在X-连锁低磷性佝偻病(X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets,XLH)患儿诊治中的临床价值。方法回顾性纳入2010年1月—2023年1月在南京医科大学附属儿童医院初诊为XLH的83例患儿,收集初诊及随访数据,探讨TmP/GFR与佝偻病严重程度、钙磷代谢指标及磷酸盐治疗量的相关性。根据是否发生肾钙质沉着症将患儿分为肾钙质沉着组(n=47)和非肾钙质沉着组(n=36),比较两组患儿的临床资料。采用多因素logistic回归分析探讨XLH患儿并发肾钙质沉着症的影响因素。使用受试者操作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲线)评估TmP/GFR对XLH患儿并发肾钙质沉着症的预测价值。结果83例XLH患儿初诊时TmP/GFR为(0.78±0.21)mmol/L,个体差异很大(范围:0.28~1.24 mmol/L)。TmP/GFR与XLH患儿佝偻病严重程度无显著相关性(P>0.05)。甲状旁腺激素与TmP/GFR呈负相关(rs=-0.020,P=0.008),血磷(rs=0.384,P<0.001)、血钙(rs=0.251,P<0.001)及25羟维生素D(rs=0.179,P<0.001)与TmP/GFR呈正相关,TmP/GFR与碱性磷酸酶(rs=-0.002,P=0.960)及磷元素治疗剂量(rs=0.012,P=0.800)无显著相关性。肾钙质沉着组的血钙和TmP/GFR均明显低于非肾钙质沉着组(P<0.05),而甲状旁腺激素和尿钙浓度均明显高于非肾钙质沉着组(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,TmP/GFR和尿钙浓度与XLH患儿并发肾钙质沉着症密切相关(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,TmP/GFR、尿钙浓度以及两者联合检测预测XLH患儿并发肾钙质沉着症的曲线下面积分别为0.696、0.679、0.761。结论TmP/GFR可以作为诊断儿童XLH的一项重要指标,然而它并不具备反映佝偻病严重程度及活动性的能力,无法作为判断传统治疗疗效的指标。尿钙浓度和TmP/GFR对XLH患儿并发肾钙质沉着症具有良好的预测价值,可为临床评估XLH患儿发生肾钙质沉着症的风险提供参考。
