目的探索低离子强度盐溶液-聚乙二醇(LISS-PEG)、低离子强度盐溶液-牛血清白蛋白(LISS-BSA)这2种自制增强剂在间接抗球蛋白试验(IAT)中的临床应用。方法将较常见的标准红细胞IgG不规则抗体(抗-D、抗-M、抗-N、抗-S、抗-s、抗-Jk^(a)、抗...目的探索低离子强度盐溶液-聚乙二醇(LISS-PEG)、低离子强度盐溶液-牛血清白蛋白(LISS-BSA)这2种自制增强剂在间接抗球蛋白试验(IAT)中的临床应用。方法将较常见的标准红细胞IgG不规则抗体(抗-D、抗-M、抗-N、抗-S、抗-s、抗-Jk^(a)、抗-Jk^(b)、抗-Fy^(a)、抗-Fy^(b)、抗-Di^(a)、抗-K)与对应抗原的红细胞反应,在反应中分别添加LISS-PEG、LISS-BSA增强剂,选择5 min和15 min 2种不同的孵育时间进行试管法间接抗球蛋白增强试验,与常规IAT作比较。选择100例血液标本中含红细胞IgG不规则抗体的患者,将同样的反应条件应用于患者标本的IAT试验,观察自制增强剂的效果。用AABB评分法记录其凝集强度。结果 LISS-PEG孵育5 min与孵育15 min应用于临床标本IAT凝集强度分值(8.65±0.58 vs 8.7±0.68)比较无差异(P>0.05);LISS-BSA孵育5 min与孵育15 min、常规IAT应用于临床IAT凝集强度分值(5.12±0.34 vs 5.03±0.29 vs 4.78±0.68)比较无差异(P>0.05);LISS-PEG孵育5 min与常规IAT凝集强度分值(8.65±0.58 vs 4.78±0.68)比较有差异(P<0.05)。结论自制的LISS-PEG增强剂应用于IAT中,抗原抗体孵育时间仅需5 min,凝集强度即可达到明显的增强效果,此方法为救治急诊输血患者缩短了交叉配血时间,值得推广使用。展开更多
The streaming potential of poly（vinyl butyral） （PVB） hollow fiber membrane was studied in different electrolyte solutions （including NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2）, the effects of ionic strength, ion valence and pH...The streaming potential of poly（vinyl butyral） （PVB） hollow fiber membrane was studied in different electrolyte solutions （including NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2）, the effects of ionic strength, ion valence and pH value on the streaming potential （SP） of the membrane were investigated. The zeta potentials and surface charge densities of the membrane were estimated on the basis of Helmholtz-Smoluchowski equation and Gouy-Chapmann theory. The results show that the PVB membrane has a weak negative charge due to the specific adsorption of ions. Moreover, the streaming potential, the zeta potential and the surface charge density of the membrane depend strongly on the salt concentration and the type and valence of ions. The iso-electric point （IEP） of the PVB membrane is arotmd 3.0 in the monovalent media （NaC1 and KC1） and 3.5 in divalent electrolytes （CaCl2 and MgCl2）. A few retentions were obtained for PVB membrane in low concentration solutions. This result verifies that the negative charged membrane surface can reject inorganic solutes by means of electrostatic repulsion effect even though the size of membrane pores is much larger than the size of salts.展开更多
The graphene oxides （GOs） have attracted multidisciplinary study because of their special physicochemical properties. The high surface area and large amounts of oxygen-containing functional groups make GOs suitable ...The graphene oxides （GOs） have attracted multidisciplinary study because of their special physicochemical properties. The high surface area and large amounts of oxygen-containing functional groups make GOs suitable materials for the efficient elimination of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. Herein the sorption of Ni（Ⅱ） on GOs was studied using batch experi- ments, and the results showed that the sorption of Ni（Ⅱ） is strongly dependent on pH and ionic strength at pH〈8, and inde- pendent of ionic strength at pH〉8. The sorption of Ni（Ⅱ） is mainly dominated by outer-sphere surface complexation and ion exchange at low pH, and by inner-sphere surface complexation at high pH. The interaction of Ni（Ⅱ） with GOs was also inves- tigated by theoretical density functional theory （DFT） calculations, and the results show that the sorption of Ni（Ⅱ） on GOs is mainly attributed to the -COH and -COC groups and the DFT calculations show that Ni（Ⅱ） forms stable GO_Ni_triplet struc- ture with the binding energy of -39.44 kcal/mol, which is in good agreement with the batch sorption experimental results. The results are important for the application of GOs as adsorbents in the efficient removal of Ni（Ⅱ） from wastewater in environ- mental pollution cleanup.展开更多
Soil quality is a major concern in the management of urban parks. In this study, the soils at 0–3, 3–13, and 13–23 cm depths were sampled from six urban parks, differing in reconstruction intensity(mainly changes m...Soil quality is a major concern in the management of urban parks. In this study, the soils at 0–3, 3–13, and 13–23 cm depths were sampled from six urban parks, differing in reconstruction intensity(mainly changes made during conversion of natural forests into parklands), in the Pearl River Delta, China to determine how reconstruction intensity influenced the extent of acidification and heavy metal levels in the soils of urban parks in a humid subtropical environment. High reconstruction intensity(HRI) was practiced in three parks and low reconstruction intensity(LRI) in three other parks. The LRI soils were strongly to extremely acidic(with low exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K concentrations) while the HRI soils were much less acidic. Both total and extractable concentrations of soil heavy metals were related to the specific management practices and age of the park, but did not differ significantly between LRI and HRI parks or among soil depths. Soil p H was significantly related to soil exchangeable cation concentrations and base saturation but was weakly related or unrelated to soil heavy metal levels. Our results suggest that high intensity but not low intensity reconstruction significantly reduces the extent of soil acidification in the urban parks in a humid subtropical environment.展开更多
文摘目的探索低离子强度盐溶液-聚乙二醇(LISS-PEG)、低离子强度盐溶液-牛血清白蛋白(LISS-BSA)这2种自制增强剂在间接抗球蛋白试验(IAT)中的临床应用。方法将较常见的标准红细胞IgG不规则抗体(抗-D、抗-M、抗-N、抗-S、抗-s、抗-Jk^(a)、抗-Jk^(b)、抗-Fy^(a)、抗-Fy^(b)、抗-Di^(a)、抗-K)与对应抗原的红细胞反应,在反应中分别添加LISS-PEG、LISS-BSA增强剂,选择5 min和15 min 2种不同的孵育时间进行试管法间接抗球蛋白增强试验,与常规IAT作比较。选择100例血液标本中含红细胞IgG不规则抗体的患者,将同样的反应条件应用于患者标本的IAT试验,观察自制增强剂的效果。用AABB评分法记录其凝集强度。结果 LISS-PEG孵育5 min与孵育15 min应用于临床标本IAT凝集强度分值(8.65±0.58 vs 8.7±0.68)比较无差异(P>0.05);LISS-BSA孵育5 min与孵育15 min、常规IAT应用于临床IAT凝集强度分值(5.12±0.34 vs 5.03±0.29 vs 4.78±0.68)比较无差异(P>0.05);LISS-PEG孵育5 min与常规IAT凝集强度分值(8.65±0.58 vs 4.78±0.68)比较有差异(P<0.05)。结论自制的LISS-PEG增强剂应用于IAT中,抗原抗体孵育时间仅需5 min,凝集强度即可达到明显的增强效果,此方法为救治急诊输血患者缩短了交叉配血时间,值得推广使用。
基金Project(21176264)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(11JJ2010)supported by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Project(CL11096)supported by the Undergraduate Innovation Training Foundation of Central South University,ChinaProject(BL12053)supported by the Undergraduate Innovation Training Foundation of Hunan Province,China
文摘The streaming potential of poly（vinyl butyral） （PVB） hollow fiber membrane was studied in different electrolyte solutions （including NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2）, the effects of ionic strength, ion valence and pH value on the streaming potential （SP） of the membrane were investigated. The zeta potentials and surface charge densities of the membrane were estimated on the basis of Helmholtz-Smoluchowski equation and Gouy-Chapmann theory. The results show that the PVB membrane has a weak negative charge due to the specific adsorption of ions. Moreover, the streaming potential, the zeta potential and the surface charge density of the membrane depend strongly on the salt concentration and the type and valence of ions. The iso-electric point （IEP） of the PVB membrane is arotmd 3.0 in the monovalent media （NaC1 and KC1） and 3.5 in divalent electrolytes （CaCl2 and MgCl2）. A few retentions were obtained for PVB membrane in low concentration solutions. This result verifies that the negative charged membrane surface can reject inorganic solutes by means of electrostatic repulsion effect even though the size of membrane pores is much larger than the size of salts.
基金supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research,King Abdulaziz University(41-130-36-Hi Ci)
文摘The graphene oxides （GOs） have attracted multidisciplinary study because of their special physicochemical properties. The high surface area and large amounts of oxygen-containing functional groups make GOs suitable materials for the efficient elimination of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. Herein the sorption of Ni（Ⅱ） on GOs was studied using batch experi- ments, and the results showed that the sorption of Ni（Ⅱ） is strongly dependent on pH and ionic strength at pH〈8, and inde- pendent of ionic strength at pH〉8. The sorption of Ni（Ⅱ） is mainly dominated by outer-sphere surface complexation and ion exchange at low pH, and by inner-sphere surface complexation at high pH. The interaction of Ni（Ⅱ） with GOs was also inves- tigated by theoretical density functional theory （DFT） calculations, and the results show that the sorption of Ni（Ⅱ） on GOs is mainly attributed to the -COH and -COC groups and the DFT calculations show that Ni（Ⅱ） forms stable GO_Ni_triplet struc- ture with the binding energy of -39.44 kcal/mol, which is in good agreement with the batch sorption experimental results. The results are important for the application of GOs as adsorbents in the efficient removal of Ni（Ⅱ） from wastewater in environ- mental pollution cleanup.
基金supported by the Agricultural and Forestry Promotion Fund of Nanhai Agro-forestry Extension Centre,Guangdong Province,China(No.08-4101001)the Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.8151065005000016)the Research Fund of South China Botanical Garden,China(No.201307)
文摘Soil quality is a major concern in the management of urban parks. In this study, the soils at 0–3, 3–13, and 13–23 cm depths were sampled from six urban parks, differing in reconstruction intensity(mainly changes made during conversion of natural forests into parklands), in the Pearl River Delta, China to determine how reconstruction intensity influenced the extent of acidification and heavy metal levels in the soils of urban parks in a humid subtropical environment. High reconstruction intensity(HRI) was practiced in three parks and low reconstruction intensity(LRI) in three other parks. The LRI soils were strongly to extremely acidic(with low exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K concentrations) while the HRI soils were much less acidic. Both total and extractable concentrations of soil heavy metals were related to the specific management practices and age of the park, but did not differ significantly between LRI and HRI parks or among soil depths. Soil p H was significantly related to soil exchangeable cation concentrations and base saturation but was weakly related or unrelated to soil heavy metal levels. Our results suggest that high intensity but not low intensity reconstruction significantly reduces the extent of soil acidification in the urban parks in a humid subtropical environment.
