工程造价快速估算问题一直是工程管理领域的研究热点之一。为了研究建筑领域工程造价的快速估算方法,本文利用线性回归、SVM、K近邻、回归树、集成模型五类回归模型进行住宅成本预测。通过数值仿真模拟实验分析快速估算成本模型精度与速...工程造价快速估算问题一直是工程管理领域的研究热点之一。为了研究建筑领域工程造价的快速估算方法,本文利用线性回归、SVM、K近邻、回归树、集成模型五类回归模型进行住宅成本预测。通过数值仿真模拟实验分析快速估算成本模型精度与速度,并对模型影响因子进行分析。结果表明:集成模型下Extra Trees Regressor算法表现最优,运算时间上稍逊于无参数参与的K近邻回归算法。在贡献度上,优越功能的贡献度最高,层高的贡献度最小,其模型精度、速度满足实际工程成本预测的要求。展开更多
Providing a decent housing is a major challenge for governments and development authorities in Jordan and Arab countries. Nevertheless, the growing number of population falling under poverty put more demand on low cos...Providing a decent housing is a major challenge for governments and development authorities in Jordan and Arab countries. Nevertheless, the growing number of population falling under poverty put more demand on low cost housing options. The goal of the research was to find ways of rationalizing the cost and determine the appropriate standards and models that achieve an acceptable equation between cost and performance, and that during design and construction phases. The study follows the method of investigation and analysis to get factors that reduce the cost of the house construction for poor families by means of the concept of standardization in traditional （popular） buildings system. The research confirms that the traditional system has many advantages that could strengthen towards development a low-cost building system by applying the principles of standardization through architectural, structural and electro-mechanical considerations of design. Research recommends taking on studies for low cost building system through comprehensive analytical study of local building experiences.展开更多
Degradation of timbers in building due to microorganisms was reported to cause enormous economic loses and species of Aspergillus are among the major cause of degradation of timbers in Nigeria. This research aims at e...Degradation of timbers in building due to microorganisms was reported to cause enormous economic loses and species of Aspergillus are among the major cause of degradation of timbers in Nigeria. This research aims at evaluating the cost of implications of biodegradations of Khaya grandifoliola by Aspergiilus spp in residential buildings empirically. Decayed Khaya grandifoliola samples were collected on residential buildings to extract, cultivate and identify the Aspergillus spp present. The cultivation went through serial dilutions and inoculations on sabouraud dextrose agar in petri dishes before incubation for 72 hours at 30 ~C. The species were identified through visual and microscopic observations. Percentage rate of degradation was determined under laboratory conditions by inoculating known weights of Khaya grandifoliola with the Aspergillus and incubating in a minimal medium for 24 weeks at 30 ~C. Weight loses and spore counts were recorded at four weeks intervals. A pattern of the degradation was forecasted. Accumulative weight loss of 16% for this period was obtained. Methods and costs of repair and replacement of decayed portions were evaluated. Residential Buildings constructed of Khaya grandifoliola experienced low cost of maintenance in this region but may not be in wetter regions where the conditions could be more favorable.展开更多
Adaptive models are based on the observation that there are some actions that people can and actually do take to achieve thermal comfort. Studies regarding thermal comfort conditions in economical dwellings were carri...Adaptive models are based on the observation that there are some actions that people can and actually do take to achieve thermal comfort. Studies regarding thermal comfort conditions in economical dwellings were carried out simultaneously in seven Mexican cities, corresponding to warm dry and warm humid climates. In this article, case studies of low-cost dwellings in the city of Hermosillo （in northwest Mexico）, are presented and analyzed. Field surveys were carried out to obtain information about the physical characteristics of the dwellings and their occupants, as well as the indoor thermal environment. Neutral temperature was obtained from the applied survey. The high neutral temperature reveals the effect of inhabitants＇ adaptation mechanism to extreme climates. Occupant comfort votes as a function of indoor air temperatures were analyzed, and different characteristics such as age, size and gender were evaluated separately. The results show the variability of the neutral temperature and the tolerance to temperature changes, depending on the population＇s specific characteristics. In many cases where the population does not have access to artificial acclimatization devices, the neutral temperature values for specific climates and people can inform architects when choosing the most suitable thermal strategies for building design.展开更多
文摘工程造价快速估算问题一直是工程管理领域的研究热点之一。为了研究建筑领域工程造价的快速估算方法,本文利用线性回归、SVM、K近邻、回归树、集成模型五类回归模型进行住宅成本预测。通过数值仿真模拟实验分析快速估算成本模型精度与速度,并对模型影响因子进行分析。结果表明:集成模型下Extra Trees Regressor算法表现最优,运算时间上稍逊于无参数参与的K近邻回归算法。在贡献度上,优越功能的贡献度最高,层高的贡献度最小,其模型精度、速度满足实际工程成本预测的要求。
文摘Providing a decent housing is a major challenge for governments and development authorities in Jordan and Arab countries. Nevertheless, the growing number of population falling under poverty put more demand on low cost housing options. The goal of the research was to find ways of rationalizing the cost and determine the appropriate standards and models that achieve an acceptable equation between cost and performance, and that during design and construction phases. The study follows the method of investigation and analysis to get factors that reduce the cost of the house construction for poor families by means of the concept of standardization in traditional （popular） buildings system. The research confirms that the traditional system has many advantages that could strengthen towards development a low-cost building system by applying the principles of standardization through architectural, structural and electro-mechanical considerations of design. Research recommends taking on studies for low cost building system through comprehensive analytical study of local building experiences.
文摘Degradation of timbers in building due to microorganisms was reported to cause enormous economic loses and species of Aspergillus are among the major cause of degradation of timbers in Nigeria. This research aims at evaluating the cost of implications of biodegradations of Khaya grandifoliola by Aspergiilus spp in residential buildings empirically. Decayed Khaya grandifoliola samples were collected on residential buildings to extract, cultivate and identify the Aspergillus spp present. The cultivation went through serial dilutions and inoculations on sabouraud dextrose agar in petri dishes before incubation for 72 hours at 30 ~C. The species were identified through visual and microscopic observations. Percentage rate of degradation was determined under laboratory conditions by inoculating known weights of Khaya grandifoliola with the Aspergillus and incubating in a minimal medium for 24 weeks at 30 ~C. Weight loses and spore counts were recorded at four weeks intervals. A pattern of the degradation was forecasted. Accumulative weight loss of 16% for this period was obtained. Methods and costs of repair and replacement of decayed portions were evaluated. Residential Buildings constructed of Khaya grandifoliola experienced low cost of maintenance in this region but may not be in wetter regions where the conditions could be more favorable.
文摘Adaptive models are based on the observation that there are some actions that people can and actually do take to achieve thermal comfort. Studies regarding thermal comfort conditions in economical dwellings were carried out simultaneously in seven Mexican cities, corresponding to warm dry and warm humid climates. In this article, case studies of low-cost dwellings in the city of Hermosillo （in northwest Mexico）, are presented and analyzed. Field surveys were carried out to obtain information about the physical characteristics of the dwellings and their occupants, as well as the indoor thermal environment. Neutral temperature was obtained from the applied survey. The high neutral temperature reveals the effect of inhabitants＇ adaptation mechanism to extreme climates. Occupant comfort votes as a function of indoor air temperatures were analyzed, and different characteristics such as age, size and gender were evaluated separately. The results show the variability of the neutral temperature and the tolerance to temperature changes, depending on the population＇s specific characteristics. In many cases where the population does not have access to artificial acclimatization devices, the neutral temperature values for specific climates and people can inform architects when choosing the most suitable thermal strategies for building design.
