基于德尔菲法的全科住院医师临床思维能力评价体系构建研究

背景全科医学的临床思维基于全科医学专业的自身特点,有其独特性,要求全科医师具备“以患者为中心”的临床诊断和治疗技能。为了更好地反映出全科临床住院医师的临床思维能力,需要建立一套完善的、可以反映出其全方面能力的有效评价标准,目前尚无适用于衡量全科住院医师临床思维能力的评价体系。目的通过德尔菲法(Delphi法)构建全科住院医师以岗位胜任力为导向的临床思维能力评价体系。方法2021年12月—2022年2月,本课题组基于文献研究初步构建了全科住院医师临床思维能力指标体系框架,运用Delphi法,与12位专家进行了两轮深入沟通,就指标的重要性给出客观评估,筛选出合适的指标,并运用层次分析法确定每个指标的权重。结果通过两轮专家咨询,本课题组建立了一个综合性的评估体系,其中包括5个一级指标(临床知识学习和扩展、资料收集和利用、诊断分析和利用、治疗决策能力、沟通和合作能力)以及30个二级指标。两轮咨询问卷有效回收率达到100.0%,专家权威系数为0.85,一级和二级指标的专家协调系数分别达到了0.299和0.189(P<0.01),一级指标的权重分别为0.198、0.198、0.227、0.227、0.150。结论本研究使用Delphi法建立一个全面评价住院医师临床思维能力的评估体系。经过对结果数据分析可知该评估体系具有较高的权威性和科学性,为今后培养高质量全科住院医师,提升全科医学教学质量提供了参考。

Heat exposure and hospitalizations for chronic kidney disease in China: a nationwide time series study in 261 major Chinese cities

Background:Climate change profoundly shapes the population health at the global scale.However,there was still insufficient and inconsistent evidence for the association between heat exposure and chronic kidney disease(CKD).Methods:In the present study,we studied the association of heat exposure with hospitalizations for cause-specific CKD using a national inpatient database in China during the study period of hot season from 2015 to 2018.Standard time-series regression models and random-effects Meta-analysis were developed to estimate the city-specific and national averaged associations at a 7 lag-day span,respectively.Results:A total of 768,129 hospitalizations for CKD was recorded during the study period.The results showed that higher temperature was associated with elevated risk of hospitalizations for CKD,especially in sub-tropical cities.With a 1℃ increase in daily mean temperature,the cumulative relative risks(RR)over lag 0-7 d were 1.008[95% confidence interval(CI)1.003-1.012]for nationwide.The attributable fraction of CKD hospitalizations due to high temperatures was 5.50%.Stronger associations were observed among younger patients and those with obstructive nephropathy.Our study also found that exposure to heatwaves was associated with added risk of hospitalizations for CKD compared to non-heatwave days(RR=1.116,95%CI 1.069-1.166)above the effect of daily mean temperature.Conclusions:Short-term heat exposure may increase the risk of hospitalization for CKD.Our findings provide insights into the health effects of climate change and suggest the necessity of guided protection strategies against the adverse effects of high temperatures.

Prediction model establishment and validation for enteral nutrition aspiration during hospitalization in patients with acute pancreatitis

BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a disease caused by abnormal activation of pancreatic enzymes and can lead to self-digestion of pancreatic tissues and dysfunction of other organs.Enteral nutrition plays a vital role in the treatment of AP because it can meet the nutritional needs of patients,promote the recovery of intestinal function,and maintain the barrier and immune functions of the intestine.However,the risk of aspiration during enteral nutrition is high;once aspiration occurs,it may cause serious complications,such as aspiration pneumonia,and suffocation,posing a threat to the patient’s life.This study aims to establish and validate a prediction model for enteral nutrition aspiration during hospitalization in patients with AP.AIM To establish and validate a predictive model for enteral nutrition aspiration during hospitalization in patients with AP.METHODS A retrospective review was conducted on 200 patients with AP admitted to Chengdu Shangjin Nanfu Hospital,West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2020 to February 2024.Clinical data were collected from the electronic medical record system.Patients were randomly divided into a validation group(n=40)and a modeling group(n=160)in a 1:4 ratio,matched with 200 patients from the same time period.The modeling group was further categorized into an aspiration group(n=25)and a non-aspiration group(n=175)based on the occurrence of enteral nutrition aspiration during hospitalization.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors influencing enteral nutrition aspiration in patients with AP during hospitalization.A prediction model for enteral nutrition aspiration during hospitalization was constructed,and calibration curves were used for validation.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was conducted to evaluate the predictive value of the model.RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in general data between the validation and modeling groups(P>0.05).The comparison of age,gender,body mass index,smoking history,hypertension history,and diabetes history showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05).However,patient position,consciousness status,nutritional risk,Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE-II)score,and length of nasogastric tube placement showed statistically significant differences(P<0.05)between the two groups.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that patient position,consciousness status,nutritional risk,APACHE-II score,and length of nasogastric tube placement were independent factors influencing enteral nutrition aspiration in patients with AP during hospitalization(P<0.05).These factors were incorporated into the prediction model,which showed good consistency between the predicted and actual risks,as indicated by calibration curves with slopes close to 1 in the training and validation sets.Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.926(95%CI:0.8889-0.9675)in the training set.The optimal cutoff value is 0.73,with a sensitivity of 88.4 and specificity of 85.2.In the validation set,the AUC of the model for predicting enteral nutrition aspiration in patients with AP patients during hospitalization was 0.902,with a standard error of 0.040(95%CI:0.8284-0.9858),and the best cutoff value was 0.73,with a sensitivity of 91.9 and specificity of 81.8.CONCLUSION A prediction model for enteral nutrition aspiration during hospitalization in patients with AP was established and demonstrated high predictive value.Further clinical application of the model is warranted.

住院医师规范化培训急诊专业技能培训中教师和学员的认知差异

背景住院医师规范化培训是培养高素质临床医师队伍的关键,急诊医学科是救治急危重症患者的前沿阵地,更是培养优秀临床住院医师的重要训练营。医学技能培训是住院医师规范化培训的重要内容,急诊核心技能培训涵盖的项目较多,教师和学员对具体培训项目的认知存在差异,会影响技能培训的效率和质量。目的调查分析河北省住院医师规范化培训急诊专业技能培训中教师和学员对培训项目的认知差异。方法2021年10月,选取来自河北省15家急诊住院医师规范化培训基地,准备参加河北省住院医师规范化培训技能大赛的教师和学员共103名作为调查对象,其中教师37名、学员66名。依据《临床技能操作细化流程及评分标准》,对13个急诊核心技能培训项目,按细化流程操作步骤制定电子调查问卷,进行“难易度”和“操作时遗漏情况”评分调查。结果教师和学员在“难易度”方面,对7个项目(53.85%):心电图采集术、动脉穿刺术、腹腔穿刺术、单人心肺复苏术、中心静脉穿刺术、气管插管术、三腔两囊管置入术,25个步骤(16.45%)的认知存在差异,教师的“难易度”认知评分低于学员(P<0.05)。教师和学员在“操作时遗漏情况”方面,对9个项目(69.23%):心电图采集术、腹腔穿刺术、单人心肺复苏术、中心静脉穿刺术、气管插管术、三腔两囊管置入术、腰椎穿刺术、无创通气术、胸腔穿刺术,和24个步骤(15.79%)认知存在差异,教师的“操作时遗漏情况”认知评分低于学员(P<0.05);其余3个培训项目(环甲膜穿刺术、同步电复律术、骨髓穿刺术)教师和学员在操作各步骤“难易度”“操作时遗漏情况”方面的认知比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论教师和学员对急诊核心技能培训“难易度”和“操作时遗漏情况”方面确实存在差异,一方面可促进临床技能培训课程设置的改进,提高培训效率,为培养高层次、高水平、应用型的医学人才提供方法学基础;另一方面,提示在今后住院医师规范化培训的类似相关研究中,在涉及教师和学员两个群体时,要考虑到二者之间可能存在差异,以期更客观地反映和探究住院医师规范化培训相关问题。

Impact of COVID-19 on liver transplant recipients: A nationwide cohort study evaluating hospitalization, transplant rejection, and inpatient mortality

BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has posed a major public health concern worldwide.Patients with comorbid conditions are at risk of adverse outcomes following COVID-19.Solid organ transplant recipients with concurrent immunosuppression and comorbidities are more susceptible to a severe COVID-19 infection.It could lead to higher rates of inpatient complications and mortality in this patient population.However,studies on COVID-19 outcomes in liver transplant(LT)recipients have yielded inconsistent findings.AIM To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital-related outcomes among LT recipients in the United States.METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the 2019–2020 National Inpatient Sample database.Patients with primary LT hospitalizations and a secondary COVID-19 diagnosis were identified using the International Classi-fication of Diseases,Tenth Revision coding system.The primary outcomes included trends in LT hospitalizations before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Secondary outcomes included comparative trends in inpatient mortality and transplant rejection in LT recipients.RESULTS A total of 15720 hospitalized LT recipients were included.Approximately 0.8% of patients had a secondary diagnosis of COVID-19 infection.In both cohorts,the median admission age was 57 years.The linear trends for LT hospitalizations did not differ significantly before and during the pandemic(P=0.84).The frequency of in-hospital mortality for LT recipients increased from 1.7% to 4.4% between January 2019 and December 2020.Compared to the pre-pandemic period,a higher association was noted between LT recipients and in-hospital mortality during the pandemic,with an odds ratio(OR)of 1.69[95% confidence interval(CI):1.55-1.84),P<0.001].The frequency of transplant rejections among hospitalized LT recipients increased from 0.2%to 3.6% between January 2019 and December 2020.LT hospitalizations during the COVID-19 pandemic had a higher association with transplant rejection than before the pandemic[OR:1.53(95%CI:1.26-1.85),P<0.001].CONCLUSION The hospitalization rates for LT recipients were comparable before and during the pandemic.Inpatient mortality and transplant rejection rates for hospitalized LT recipients were increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Impact of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease on COVID-19 hospitalizations:A propensity-matched analysis of the United States

BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),formally known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,is the most common chronic liver disease in the United States.Patients with MASLD have been reported to be at a higher risk of developing severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and death.However,most studies are single-center studies,and nationwide data in the AIM To study the influence of MASLD on COVID-19 hospitalizations during the initial phase of the pandemic.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the 2020 National Inpatient Sample(NIS)database to identify primary COVID-19 hospitalizations based on an underlying diagnosis of MASLD.A matched comparison cohort of COVID-19 hospit-alizations without MASLD was identified from NIS after 1:N propensity score matching based on gender,race,and comorbidities,including hypertension,heart failure,diabetes,and cirrhosis.The primary outcomes included inpatient mortality,length of stay,and hospitalization costs.Secondary outcomes included the prevalence of systemic complications.RESULTS A total of 2210 hospitalizations with MASLD were matched to 2210 hospitalizations without MASLD,with a good comorbidity balance.Overall,there was a higher prevalence of severe disease with more intensive care unit admissions(9.5%vs 7.2%,P=0.007),mechanical ventilation(7.2%vs 5.7%,P=0.03),and septic shock(5.2%vs 2.7%,P<0.001)in the MASLD cohort than in the non-MASLD cohort.However,there was no difference in mortality(8.6%vs 10%,P=0.49),length of stay(5 d vs 5 d,P=0.25),and hospitalization costs(42081.5$vs 38614$,P=0.15)between the MASLD and non-MASLD cohorts.CONCLUSION The presence of MAFLD with or without liver cirrhosis was not associated with increased mortality in COVID-19 hospitalizations;however,there was an increased incidence of severe COVID-19 infection.This data(2020)predates the availability of COVID-19 vaccines,and many MASLD patients have since been vaccinated.It will be interesting to see if these trends are present in the subsequent years of the pandemic.

Analysis of Hospitalization Costs and Influencing Factors of AKI in Adult Patients

Objective:To investigate the economic burden of patients with acute kidney injury(AKI)by analyzing the distribution of hospitalization expenses and its influencing factors in the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University.Methods:The hospitalization information of patients with AKI from January 2020 to January 2023 was collected and sorted through the hospital charging system and the factors affecting the total hospitalization cost were analyzed by multiple linear regression.Results:Univariate analysis showed that age,occupation,marriage,length of hospitalization,recovery of renal function,and stage of AKI had significant effects on hospitalization cost(P<0.05).The result of the multiple linear regression analysis model showed that age(t=4.11,P<0.0001),length of hospitalization(t=16.10,P<0.0001),recovery of renal function(t=3.26,P<0.0001),AKI stage(t=5.23,P=0.002)are factors affecting the economic burden of patients with AKI.Conclusion:AKI patients should be managed according to age stratification to effectively control the progression of the disease and improve the quality of the medical services provided.This will reduce the economic burden of patients.

基于合成控制法的DRG改革对住院费用的影响——以北京市三级公立医院为例

目的:分析DRG改革对北京市三级公立医院例均住院总费用及其增速、内部结构的短期效应与长期影响。方法:基于2009—2018年北京市三级公立医院住院费用的年度报表数据,采用合成控制法分析2011年的DRG改革对例均住院总费用及各项费用占比的影响。结果:与未试点的医院相比,短期内试点医院的例均住院总费用有所降低,药占比下降显著,耗材费用占比增速下降明显,手术、治疗、护理费用占比有所下降,检查、化验费用占比略有上升。长期看,试点医院例均住院总费用与增速超过非试点医院,药占比、手术、治疗、护理费用占比低于非试点医院,耗材费用占比大幅提高,检查、化验费用占比呈现较强的个体差异性。结论:DRG改革短期内对控制费用增长具有积极作用,长期效果有待改善,费用结构有待优化;未来应从发挥“双中心”的多元作用、与三级公立医院绩效考核结合、提高体现医生技术劳动价值的收入等方面完善DRG改革。

基于MicroSim Inhospital软件的强化模拟训练在麻醉科住院医师急救能力培训中的应用

模拟培训是提高年轻医师理论和临床操作能力的重要手段,其中针对危急重症患者抢救进行模拟的MicroSim Inhospital软件是一种实用的培训工具。本研究基于该软件中所涉及的急救理论和技术,强化了理论知识和操作训练,增加角色模拟考核,通过对50名住院医师的训练和考核发现,该模式对年轻医师急救技能的提高具有良好的促进作用,值得推广应用。

2014—2023年西安市某三甲综合医院AECOPD住院患者的流行病学特征及费用结构研究

目的探讨2014—2023年西安市某三甲综合医院慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)住院患者的流行病学特征及费用结构研究。方法收集某院2014年1月—2023年12月的AECOPD住院患者的病案首页信息(n=6748),回顾性分析其人口学特征、临床特征的分布及住院费用构成情况,并采用结构变动度分析不同年度住院费用的结构变动情况。结果2014—2023年主诊确诊为AECOPD患者占本机构所有住院患者4.81‰,10年间AECOPD住院患者的构成比呈持续下降趋势(χ2=1083.351,P<0.001);不同年度中AECOPD住院患者的性别、职业、医疗付费方式、来源的分布均有统计学差异(P<0.05);不同年度AECOPD住院患者的季节分布有统计学差异(χ2=157.328,P<0.001);不同年度AECOPD住院患者住院天数分布之间有统计学差异(χ2=83.463,P<0.001);不同年度中AECOPD患者的住院次数、入院病情、是否合并症或并发症、是否有药物过敏史以及是否有再次住院计划的构成比之间均有统计学差异(P<0.05);不同年度AECOPD住院患者的结局之间有统计学差异(χ2=153.367,P<0.001);AECOPD患者次均住院费用呈2014—2016年逐步升高,2016—2023年逐步下降的趋势(P<0.01);不同年度AECOPD患者住院费用中均以药品费用和诊断费用为主;2014—2022年AECOPD住院患者次均费用整体住院的结构变动度(DSV)为41.62%,其中2012年与2013年住院费用的DSV最大(22.69%),2017年与2018年的DSV最小(4.23%)。结论近10年AECOPD住院患者的构成比和病死率整体呈下降趋势;AECOPD住院患者中70~79岁组构成比最高,主要分布在冬季;10年间次均住院费用整体呈下降趋势,费用构成主要以药品费和诊断费用为主,药品费用成逐年下降的趋势,诊断费用呈逐年增加的趋势,说明医疗政策改革在优化住院费用结构、控制费用不合理增长中的作用显著。

人工关节集采对DRG IC29组病例住院费用的影响分析

[目的]研究集中带量采购对人工关节置换术患者住院费用的影响,为深化高值耗材持续改革提供依据。[方法]收集某三级医院集采前后DRG分组IC29组病例的DRG结算数据和医保信息系统的相关信息,进行倾向得分匹配后,采用描述性分析、非参数检验、结构变动度进行费用变化分析。[结果]集采政策实施后的各项费用中位数显示,IC29组病例次均费用下降了33445元,其中材料费下降了34835元;DRG统筹金额下降了13705元,个人自付金额下降了24550元。集采前后的结构变动度为60.52%,材料费呈负向变动,医疗服务费、检查化验费、药品费及其他费呈正向变动。结构变动贡献率前三位为材料费50.00%、医疗服务费26.04%、检查化验费16.36%。[结论]集采后IC29组病例的次均费用、材料费、医保支付和个人负担费用均明显降低,费用结构得到优化,人工关节集中带量采购成效明显。建议持续进行高值耗材集采工作,并协同推进医疗服务价格和医院薪酬制度等其他医改配套政策。

PDCA在提高神经内科住院患者用药相关知识知晓率的应用研究

目的 探讨应用PDCA循环的质量管理提高对住院患者用药相关知识知晓率的影响。方法 选取2021年4—10月在厦门大学附属第一医院神经内科住院的158例患者为研究对象。根据改进时间进行分组,2021年4月未改进病例73例为改进前组,2021年6—10月改进后的病例85例为改进后组。改进后组应用PDCA循环法对导致住院患者用药相关知识知晓率低的原因进行分析,比较应用PDCA前后住院患者用药相关知识知晓率。结果 改进后组应用PDCA循环模式的质量管理后,住院患者用药相关知识知晓率高于改进前组,住院患者用药相关知识知晓率由47.95%提高到76.47%(P <0.05)。结论 运用PDCA循环模式的质量管理对提高住院患者用药相关知识知晓率是行之有效的,提升了神经内科住院患者用药安全,预防用药不良行为的发生。

DRG支付方式下公立医院特殊病例住院费用影响因素分析

目的:分析DRG支付方式下,包括高倍率病例和低倍率病例在内的特殊病例费用特征及其影响因素,为降低医疗费用、减轻患者负担和完善DRG支付方式改革提供参考。方法:选取某三甲综合医院2022年全年所有特殊病例的病案首页数据,采用描述性分析和单因素分析对特殊病例的影响因素进行分析,并通过结构方程模型分析各影响因素间的作用路径和影响程度。结果:纳入高倍率病例1281例(占总病例2.78%),其中治疗费用花费最多(占16.29%),费用最少的是诊察费(占0.79%);低倍率病例3266例(占7.09%),其中手术费用花费最多(占31.51%),费用最少的是诊疗费(占1.61%)。性别、年龄、住院天数、科室类别、医保付费方式、并发症均是特殊病例住院费用的影响因素(P<0.05)。结构方程模型结果显示,科室类别对费用的影响最大,性别对费用的影响最小。结论:调整医疗费用结构,缩短患者的住院天数,合理使用DRG支付方式,从而降低医疗费用、提高诊疗效率,实现总体控费目标。

放射基地住院医师规范化培训中推行分层递进理念的思考

目前住院医师规范化培训(简称住培)进入了由制度建设向质量内涵建设转变的新阶段,但现实中较多基地的住培医师来源多样,水平参差不齐,未加分层的统一化培训,有时会造成某些住院医师培训结果不尽如人意。2019年的《放射科住院医师规范化培训评估指标》里首次明确提出,在放射基地的住院医师培训过程中,必须体现“分层递进”的培训理念。但目前实际操作中,仍面临着教学任务重、人手不足等一些困难,具体实施情况良莠不齐。笔者团队对放射基地住院医师规范化培训中推行“分层递进”理念的背景和具体实施方案进行了探讨,发现放射基地住院医师规范化培训中,住院医师间理论知识储备、基础实践水平、科研理论能力差异大,分层落实应包括培训对象、培训过程、考核评价、带教师资4个方面。根据住院医师初态评估、水平分层,并由此设置轮转培训计划、培训课程、教学阅片、小讲课、病例讨论,并在考核评价和师资方面也进行分层。通过4个方面的分层,是实现培训目标和保证培训质量的有效途径。

“Hospital to Home”模式对鼻咽癌患者生活质量及再住院率的影响

目的探讨"Hospital to Home"模式对鼻咽癌患者放射治疗后生活质量及再住院率影响。方法将2015年2月至2017年1月的200例鼻咽癌放疗患者按时间段分成对照组与观察组,对照组给予常规药物治疗、口头和书面出院指导。观察组在对照组措施基础上,实施"Hospital to Home"服务模式。比较两组患者出院措施干预后并发症发生率、生活质量评分及再住院率。结果患者出院后1年,观察组并发症发生率、生活质量(日常生活因子、社会活动因子、抑郁因子、焦虑因子)评分与对照组比较,均明显降低,差异有显著性(P<0.05);观察组患者出院3个月和1年内的再住院率均低于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论 "Hospital to Home"服务模式使出院患者自我行为管理能力及自护行为技能提高,并发症发生率及再住院率明显降低,患者生活质量提高。

基于模糊综合评判的住院医师规范化培训带教质量评价

带教质量直接影响住院医师规范化培训工作中最终输出人才的质量,对带教质量进行合理、有效的评价,是提升住院医师规范化培训质量、完善住院医师规范化培训制度的重要保证。针对住院医师规范化培训工作中带教质量评价因素的复杂性、模糊性以及定性指标难以量化的问题,提出一种基于模糊综合评判的带教质量评价方法。首先,进行一级评判,通过确定因素集、评价集,进行单因素评价,再确定各因素的权重,进行综合评价;其次,进行二级或多级综合评判,构建基于模糊综合评判的带教质量评价模型;最后,通过带教质量的模糊综合评价实例,对带教质量的评价方法进行研究。

一站式预住院服务模式在肿瘤化疗患者中的应用实践

目的探讨一站式预住院服务模式在肿瘤化疗患者中的应用实践。方法选取江西省人民医院肿瘤科2023年1月至6月收治的180例恶性肿瘤化疗患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将患者分为对照组(90例)和观察组(90例)。对照组采用常规方法办理住院手续,观察组采用一站式预住院方法办理住院手续。比较两组患者办理入院手续耗时、治疗前的完成检查时间、住院天数、住院费用、病区护士接待新入院患者的护理耗时、患者在病区和检查科室之间的往返次数和患者满意度情况。结果观察组患者办理入院手续的耗时、治疗前的完成检查时间、住院天数短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者住院费用低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。病区护士接待新入院观察组患者的护理耗时短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者在病区和检查科室之间的往返次数少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者住院治疗后的满意率为95.56%,高于对照组的87.78%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论一站式预住院服务模式能有效缩短患者办理入院手续耗时,缩短治疗前的完成检查时间和住院天数,降低住院费用,缩短病区护士接待新入院患者的护理耗时,减少患者在病区和检查科室之间的往返次数,提高患者满意度,值得在临床进一步推广。

情景模拟结合CBL对提升产科住院医师医患沟通能力的效果分析

目的探讨在产科住院医师规范化培训(简称住培)中进行情景模拟结合以案例为基础的教学对医患沟通技能培训的效果。方法选取50名在产科规范化培训的住院医师为研究对象。培训前进行学员调查和医患沟通能力SEGUE测评。基于产科住培大纲选择5个典型病例情景,由教师录制5个典型病例病情医患沟通的示范视频,并梳理相关背景知识,在产科住院医师中依次开展培训课程,即视频示范、小组讨论、病例背景知识梳理讲解、分角色演练、演练后反馈和评价以及临床实践。培训后再次进行学员调查和医患沟通能力SEGUE测评。使用配对样本的非参数检验方法评价培训效果。结果情景模拟结合以案例为基础的教学的医患沟通技能培训后,学员医患沟通能力SEGUE测评总分提高[13.00(11.00~16.00)vs.22.00(20.00~24.00)],差异具有统计学意义(Z=-6.159,P<0.001);医患沟通能力SEGUE测评总体合格率提高[36.0%(18/50)vs.98.0%(49/50)],差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=43.464,P<0.001)。结论情景模拟结合以案例为基础的教学的医患沟通技能培训可有效提高学员医患沟通能力,调动学员的学习主动性,激发学员内在学习动力,建议在产科住培中纳入此类课程。

翻转课堂联合SimMan 模拟人在住院医师ACLS非技术能力培训中的应用

目的 本研究探讨翻转课堂教学法联合SimMan模拟人在住院医师高级心脏生命支持(advanced cardiac life support, ACLS)非技术能力培训中的应用效果。方法 选取西安交通大学第一附属医院80名三年级住院医师作为研究对象,将其随机分为翻转课堂组和传统课堂组,并应用SimMan模拟人进行ACLS的模拟培训。最后采用实践测试、非技术能力测试和问卷调查评估两种教学方法的培训效果。结果 翻转课堂组学员正确使用除颤仪得分、正确使用肾上腺素得分、团队合作得分及测试总得分高于传统课堂组学员,组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。较传统课堂组,翻转课堂组经过ACLS模拟培训后在情景意识、任务管理、团队合作及判断决策等非技术能力方面的合格率均明显升高(P<0.05)。问卷调查结果显示,翻转课堂组学员在良好的课堂互动、激发学习兴趣和积极性、加强团队合作和总体满意度方面优于传统课堂组,其差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 翻转课堂教学法联合SimMan模拟人可提高高年资住院医师的ACLS实践测试成绩和非技术能力,并增加学生满意度,在ACLS培训中具有重要的应用价值。