论在“五位一体”总体布局中工会的定位、面临的挑战及作用

"五位一体"是党中央对中国特色社会主义事业作出的新的全局性规划,体现了党对社会主义建设规律的全新把握。工会是联系党和职工群众桥梁和纽带,代表和维护职工合法权益,同时也承担着动员和组织职工积极参加改革和建设,努力推动我国经济、政治、文化、社会、生态文明各项事业不断向前发展的重要任务。新时期党和国家高度重视、相关法律法规不断出台、职工素质普遍提升及对工会的认同,都给工会发挥作用创造了机遇。但同时又面临着劳动关系日趋多样化和复杂化、劳动者利益诉求多元、思想状况日益复杂、价值取向多元和利益表达渠道不畅通等方面的挑战和压力。面对党、政府和职工对工会寄予的深切厚望,工会组织应从自身实际出发,从加强组织建设、提高工会干部整体素质、创新工会工作方式等方面找准定位,充分发挥自身优势,努力在新时期经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设以及生态文明建中争取更大的作为。

柔性脂质体的促渗作用研究(英文)

In this article different types of ultradeformable liposomes were designed and the properties of transdermal delivery were studied with sodium salicylate as model drug. These results showed that liposomes with strong hydrophilic surfactant added is a new type of penetration enhancer.

Ultra-soft Desorption Assisted Mass Spectrometry using Picosecond Infrared Laser for the Detection of lons in the Liquid Surface

To identify the species in liquid surface using mass spectrometry,we must eliminate or reduce interferences during the vaporization or desorption of the species from the liquid surface.It is much more challenging to isolate the ionic,larger species from the liquid surface,because of the frangible structures and the higher solvation energies of those species.Here we demonstrate a new mass spectrometry in which the ionic species at the liquid surface can be desorbed with ultrasoft infrared picosecond laser pulses while the liquid surface is not breached.This laser desorption assisted mass spectrometry is not only a powerful tool to detect the fragile species but also promising to investigate vibrational energy transfer dynamics in the liquid surface.

Constitution identification model in traditional Chinese medicine based on multiple features

Objective To construct a precise model for identifying traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitutions;thereby offering optimized guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment plan-ning;and ultimately enhancing medical efficiency and treatment outcomes.Methods First;TCM full-body inspection data acquisition equipment was employed to col-lect full-body standing images of healthy people;from which the constitutions were labelled and defined in accordance with the Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire(CCMQ);and a dataset encompassing labelled constitutions was constructed.Second;heat-suppres-sion valve(HSV)color space and improved local binary patterns(LBP)algorithm were lever-aged for the extraction of features such as facial complexion and body shape.In addition;a dual-branch deep network was employed to collect deep features from the full-body standing images.Last;the random forest(RF)algorithm was utilized to learn the extracted multifea-tures;which were subsequently employed to establish a TCM constitution identification mod-el.Accuracy;precision;and F1 score were the three measures selected to assess the perfor-mance of the model.Results It was found that the accuracy;precision;and F1 score of the proposed model based on multifeatures for identifying TCM constitutions were 0.842;0.868;and 0.790;respectively.In comparison with the identification models that encompass a single feature;either a single facial complexion feature;a body shape feature;or deep features;the accuracy of the model that incorporating all the aforementioned features was elevated by 0.105;0.105;and 0.079;the precision increased by 0.164;0.164;and 0.211;and the F1 score rose by 0.071;0.071;and 0.084;respectively.Conclusion The research findings affirmed the viability of the proposed model;which incor-porated multifeatures;including the facial complexion feature;the body shape feature;and the deep feature.In addition;by employing the proposed model;the objectification and intel-ligence of identifying constitutions in TCM practices could be optimized.

Growth mechanism of icosahedral and other five-fold symmetric diamond crystals

Five-fold symmetric diamond crystals（FSDCs） were synthesized by hot filament chemical vapour deposition（HFCVD） methods. Their surface morphologies and defects were characterised by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. From the perspective of nucleation-growth, a growth mechanism for icosahedral and other five-fold symmetric diamond crystals was discussed. Computer modelling was also carried out. The results show that the dodecahedrane（C20H20） molecule is proposed as a nucleus for the growth of icosahedral diamond crystals（IDCs）, wherein the 20 {111} surface planes develop orthogonal to the direction of the original 20 C—H bonds by sequential H abstraction and CH3 addition reactions. IDC can be pictured as an assembly of isosceles tetrahedra, with each tetrahedron contributing a {111} plane to the surface of the IDC and the remainder of the tetrahedral surfaces forming twin planes with neighbouring tetrahedra. The small mismatch（1.44°） between the {111} surface dihedral angle of a perfect icosahedron and that of a twinned icosahedron reveals itself via twin planes in the IDC grain. The modelling suggests how the relief of strain induced by this distortion could lead to the formation of defects such as concave pentagonal cavities at vertices and grooves along the grain edges that accord well with those observed experimentally. Similar arguments based on growth from the hexacyclo pentadecane（C15H20） nucleus can also account for the observed formation of star and rod shaped FSDCs, and some of their more obvious morphological defects.

部分货箱指定的集装箱装载模型和算法

对部分货箱指定装载的集装箱装载货箱问题，基于分层思想建立多步决策模型，提出棱（面）判别矩阵法把三维装箱问题转化为二维乃至一维装箱问题而得到模型的求解算法。本文对货箱间的“体等价，面等价，棱等价”这类情形进行了研究。

Facile template-induced synthesis of Ag-modified TiO_2 hollow octahedra with high photocatalytic activity

Noble metal/titania hollow nanomaterials usually exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity because of their high specific surface area,low density,good surface permeability,strong light-harvesting capacity,and rapid interfacial charge transfer. However,the present preparation methods usually include complicated and multistep procedures,which can cause damage to the hollow nanostructures. In this paper,a facile template-induced synthesis,based on a template-directed deposition and in situ template-sacrificial dissolution,was employed to prepare Ag-modified TiO 2（Ag/TiO 2） hollow octahedra using Ag2 O octahedra as templates and TiF 4 as the precursor. In the synthetic strategy,the shells of TiO 2 hollow octahedra were formed by coating TiO 2 nanoparticles on the surface of Ag2 O templates based on the template-directed deposition. Simultaneously,the Ag2 O templates can be in situ removed by dissolving the Ag2 O octahedral template in HF solution produced via the hydrolysis reaction of TiF 4 in the reaction system. In addition,Ag nanoparticles were deposited on the inside and outside surfaces of TiO 2 shells by effectively using the photosensitive properties of Ag2 O and Ag＋ ions under light irradiation,along with the formation of TiO 2 hollow octahedra. The Ag/TiO 2 hollow octahedra exhibited high photocatalytic activity because of their（1） short diffusion distances between photogenerated electrons and holes because of the thin shells of Ag/TiO 2 hollow octahedral,（2） deposition of Ag nanoparticles on the inside and outside surfaces of TiO 2 shells,and（3） rapid interfacial charge transfer between TiO 2 shells and Ag nanoparticles. This work may also provide new insights into preparing other Ag-modified and hollow nanostructured photocatalysts.

集装箱货箱装载模型和算法

对集装箱装载货箱的两类问题,基于分层思想建立多步决策模型,提出棱(面)判别矩阵法把三维装箱问题转化为二维乃至一维装箱问题而得到模型的求解算法.

Three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of concrete tetrahedral frame revetments

Revetments of concrete frame tetrahedrons are being used more and more in river engineering in China. Due to their complex geometry, it is difficult to measure the velocity fields inside them using traditional measurement methods. This limits understanding of their mechanics, potentially leading to suboptimal solutions. A 3-D hydrodynamic model based on the commercial computational fluid dynamics （CFD） code, Fluent, was developed to predict velocity fields and drags. The realizable k-e model was adopted for turbulent closure of the Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes （RANS） equations. The study demonstrates that the numerical model can effectively supplement experimental studies in understanding the complex flow fields and mechanics of concrete frame tetrahedron revetments. Graphs showing the drag coefficient CD versus Reynolds number Re and lift coefficient CL versus Reynolds number Re were produced.

Band Structure of Three-dimensional Phononic Crystals

By using the plane-wave-expansion method, the band structure of three-dimension phononic crystals was calculated, in which the cuboid scatterers were arranged in a host with a face-centered-cubic （FCC） structure.The influences of a few factors such as the component materials, the filling fraction of scatterers and the ratio （RHL） of the scatterer＇s height to its length on the band-gaps of phononic crystals were investigated.It is found that in the three-dimension solid phononic crystals with FCC structure, the optimum case to obtain band-gaps is to embed high-velocity and high-density scatterers in a low-velocity and low-density host. The maximum value of band-gap can be obtained when the filling fraction is in the middle value. It is also found that the symmetry of the scatterers strongly influences the band-gaps. For RHL＞1, the width of the band-gap decreases as RHL increases. On the contrary, the width of the band-gap increases with the increase of RHL when RHL is smaller than 1.

A general method for silo classification using rupture plane

A new method is presented for silo classification using the rupture plane in the storage. The proposed method is based on the formula of rupture plane orientation determined by the aspect ratio of specified silos and involves the effects of the conical angle of the storage surface, so it can deal with two cases： the conical angle of the storage surface and the flat storage surface. Compared with the two popular methods based on the silo-aspect ratio and the silo rupture plane, respectively, in current engineering design, the new method can give a range of critical aspect ratios to classify deep silos and squat silos according to the conical angle of the storage surface or the fiat storage surface. Moreover, the range covers the critical aspect ratios obtained from the existing classification methods including the Chinese code based on silo aspect ratios, the German code, Reimbert brothers＇ definition and Liang et al. ＇s definition, so it is a more general method to classify silos and the existing methods can be viewed as special cases of the presented method.

Tribological behaviors of Fe-Al-Cr-Nb alloyed layer deposited on 45 steel via double glow plasma surface metallurgy technique

Double glow plasma surface metallurgy technique was used to fabricate a Fe?Al?Cr?Nb alloyed layer onto the surface of the 45 steel. The microstructures and composition of th?eA Fl?eCr?Nb alloyed layer were analyzed by scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results indicate thatthe 20 μm alloyed layer is homogeneous and compact. The alloyed elements exhibit a gradient distribution along the cross section. Microhardness and nanoindentation tests imply that the surface hardness of the alloyed layer reaches HV 580, which is almost 2.8 times that of the substrate. Compared with the substrate, the alloyed layer has a much smaller displacement and a larger elastic modulus. According to the friction and wear tests at room temperature, the? FeAl?Cr?Nb alloyed layer has lower friction coefficient and less wear mass, implying that the Fe?Al?Cr?Nb alloyed layer can effectively improve the surface hardness and wear resistance of the substrate.

Development of a Thermal Fogger-specific Sedimentation Stabilizer

In order to solve the drifting away of thermal fog droplets during thermal spraying and the incompatibility between fog droplet carrier and conventional com- mercial agro-chemicals, the fog droplet carrier, surfactant, condensation nucleus ma- terial and antifreeze, dispersant, thickener and defoamer were screened and assem- bled to develop a thermal fog sedimentation stabilizer in this study, thereby provid- ing technical support for application and promotion of thermal spraying technology in pest and disease control in crops.

Effect of cooling rates on clustering towards icosahedra in rapidly solidified Cu_(56)Zr_(44) alloy

The rapid solidification processes of liquid Cu56Zr44 alloys at different cooling rates （γ） were simulated by a molecular dynamics （MD） method. In order to assess the influence of cooling rate on the clustering tendency and degree towards icosahedrons, a ten-indices＇ cluster-type index method was suggested to characterize the local atomic structures in the super-cooled liquid and the rapidly solidified solid. And their clustering and ordering degrees as well as the packing density of ieosahedral clusters were also evaluated by an icosahedral clustering degree （fI）, the chemical order parameter （ηαβ） and densification coefficients （D0, DI and DIS）, respectively. Results show that the main local atomic configurations in Cu56Zr44 alloy system are Z12 clusters centered by Cu, and most of which are （12 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0） standard icosahedra and （12 0 8 0 0 0 2 2 0 0） as well as （12 2 8 2 0 0 0 0 0 0） defective icosahedra. Below glass transition temperature （Tg）, these icosahedral clusters will be coalesced to various icosahedral medium-range orders （IMROs） by IS linkages, namely, icosahedral bond, and their number N, size n, order parameter ηαβ as well as spatial distributions vary with y. As the cooling rate exceeds the critical value （γc） at which a glassy transition can take place, a lower cooling rate, e.g., γ1=10^1K/ns, is demonstrated to be favorable to uplift the number of icosahedra and enlarge the size of IMROs compared with the higher cooling rates, e.g., γ5=10^5 K/ns, and their packing density and clustering degree towards icosahedra in the rapidly solidified solid can also benefit from the slow cooling process.

Fabrication of Bottom-Gate and Top-Gate Transparent ZnO Thin Film Transistors

Transparent zinc oxide thin film transistors （ZnO-TFTs） with bottom-gate and top-gate structures were constructed on 50mm silica glass substrates. The ZnO films were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering and SiO2 films served as the gate insulator layer. We found that the ZnO-TFTs with bottom-gate structure have better electrical performance than those with top-gate structure. The bottom-gate ZnO-TFTs operate as an n-channel enhancement mode, which have clear pinch off and saturation characteristics. The field effect mobility, threshold voltage, and the current on/off ratio were determined to be 18.4cm^2/（V ·s）, - 0. 5V and 10^4 , respectively. Meanwhile, the top-gate ZnO-TFTs exhibit n-chan- nel depletion mode operation and no saturation characteristics were detected. The electrical difference of the devices may be due to the different character of the interface between the channel and insulator layers. The two transistors types have high transparency in the visible light region.

Triangular Au-Ag framework nanostructures prepared by multi-stage replacement and their spectral properties

Triangular Au-Ag framework nanostructures （TFN） were synthesized via a multi-step galvanic replacement reaction （MGRR） of single-crystalline triangular silver nanoplates in a chlorauric acid （HAuCl4） solution at room temperature. The morphological, compositional, and crystal structural changes involved with reaction steps were analyzed by using transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry （EDX）, and X-ray diffraction. TEM combined with EDX and selected area electron diffraction confirmed the replacement of Ag with Au. The in-plane dipolar surface plasmon resonance （SPR） absorption band of the Ag nanoplates locating initially at around 700 nm gradually redshifted to 1 100 nm via a multi-stage replacement manner after 7 stages. The adding amount of HAuCl4 per stage influenced the average redshift value per stage, thus enabled a fine tuning of the in-plane dipolar band. A proposed formation mechanism of the original Ag nanoplates developing pores while growing Au nanoparticles covering this underlying structure at more reaction steps was confirmed by exploiting surface-enhanced Raman scattering （SERS）.

Study on Sporulation Conditions of Trichoderma reesei by Solid Fermentation

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the sporulation conditions of Tri- choderma reesei by solid fermentation. [Method] With sporulation yield as the response value, single-factor test, Plackett-Burmam design, steepest ascent test, BoxBehnken design and response surface analysis were employed to optimize the con- ditions for sporulation of Trichoderma reesei by solid fermentation. [Result] Based on single-factor test, the most appropriate carbon source for Trichoderma reesei was straw stalk powder and wheat bran with the ratio of 3：2 and optimal amount of 15 g/L; the most appropriate inorganic nitrogen was （NH4）2O4 with the optimal amount of 3 g/L. According to Plackett-Burmam design, moisture content, initial pH and incubation temperature were identified as significant factors affecting the sporulation yield of Trichoderma reeseL The maximum sporulation yield area was approached by steepest ascent test. Based on Box-Behnken design and response surface analysis, the optimal fermentation conditions for the maximum sporulation yield were determined as： straw stalk powder of 6 g/L, wheat bran of 9 g/L, （NH4）2SO4 of 3 g/L, moisture content of 65%, incubation temperature of 29 ℃, fermentation period of 72 h and initial pH of 5.5, under these conditions, the sporulation yield reached 2×10^10 spores/g, which was improved by 1.4 times compared with that before optimization. [Conclusion] In this study, the conditions for sporulation of Trichoderma reesei by solid fermentation were optimized with low-cost straw stalk powder and wheat bran as carbon sources, which was conducive to reducing the production cost of Trichoderma reesei and increasing the sporulation yield, showing certain social and economic significance.

Static Induction Devices with Planar Type Buried Gate

Based on the surface-gate and buried-gate structures,a novel buried-gate structure called the planar type buried-gate (PTBG) structure for static induction devices (SIDs) is proposed.An approach to realize a buried-gate type static induction transistor by conventional planar process technology is presented.Using this structure,it is successfully avoided the second epitaxy with a high degree of difficulty and the complicated mesa process in conventional buried gate.The experimental results demonstrate that this structure is desirable for application in power SIDs.Its advantages are high breakdown voltage and blocking gain.

Intermetallics and phase relations of Mg-Zn-Ce alloys at 400 ℃

The crystal structures,compositions and phase relations of the intermetallics of Mg-Zn-Ce system in the Mg-rich corner at 400 ℃ were identified through equilibrium alloy method.For Mg-Zn-Ce system,there is a linear ternary compound（T phase）,whose chemical formula is（Mg1-xZnx）11Ce.The range of Zn content in T phase is from 9.6% to 43.6%（molar fraction）.The crystal structure of T phase is C-centered orthorhombic lattice with lattice parameters of a=0.96-1.029 nm,b=1.115-1.204 nm,c=0.940-1.015 nm.And the lattice parameters of T phase are decreasing a little with increasing Zn content.According to the results of composition and crystal structure,the maximal solubility of Zn in Mg12Ce is about 7.8%（molar fraction）,and the chemical formula of the solid solution can be identified as（Mg1-xZnx）12Ce.The isothermal section of Mg-Zn-Ce system in Mg-rich corner at 400 ℃ was constructed.

Effect of surface roughness on plasticity of Zr_(52.5)Cu_(17.9)Ni_(14.6)Al_(10)Ti_5 bulk metallic glass

Zr52.5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10Ti5 bulk metallic glass （BMG） rods were abraded to different surface roughnesses using different types of waterproof abrasive papers and sometimes polishing pastes, and the compressive deformation behavior was examined. The results show that the yield strength of the BMG is hardly affected while the compressive plasticity increases from 2.3% to 4.5% with decreasing the surface roughness. Observation of the fractured samples under a scanning electron microscope indicates that the rise in plasticity is accompanied with an increase in shear band density. The results suggest that it is necessary to reduce the surface roughness of BMGs for achieving a large plasticity.