Using foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.) male-sterile line 1066A as female parent and Yugu 1 primary trisomic series (1 - 7) and tetrasomics 8, 9 as male parents, chromosome location of gene for male-sterili...Using foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.) male-sterile line 1066A as female parent and Yugu 1 primary trisomic series (1 - 7) and tetrasomics 8, 9 as male parents, chromosome location of gene for male-sterility and yellow seedling in line 1066A was studied by primary trisomic analysis. The plants of F-1 generation of trisomics 2 - 9 were obtained by crossing with a great many plants of 1066A. F-1 generation of trisomics was similar to their male parent in morphologic characters, the color of their seedling was green, and pollen was partially fertile. The segregation ratio of fertility to sterility is 3:1 in F-2 generation of trisomics 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 and 9; and 14:1 only in F-2 generation of trisomic 6 (chi(0.05)(2) = 0.012). The segregation ratio of green seedling to yellow seedling is 12:1 only in F-2 generation of trisomic 7 (chi(0.05)(2) = 0.31), but in other cases, this ratio is 3:1. The results indicated that the male-sterility gene was located on chromosome 6, and the gene for yellow seedling was monogenic recessive and located on chromosome 7. The rate of trisomics transmission by pollen was tested, trisomics 8 and 9 were the highest in rates of trisomics transmission and followed by trisomics 6 and 4.展开更多
Reverse_transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT_PCR) was performed using cDNAs as templates from wheat_ Haynaldia villosa 6VS/6AL translocation line and 'Yangmai 5' induced with fungus Erysiphe gramin...Reverse_transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT_PCR) was performed using cDNAs as templates from wheat_ Haynaldia villosa 6VS/6AL translocation line and 'Yangmai 5' induced with fungus Erysiphe graminis , and degenerate primers designed based on the conserved amino acid sequences of known plant disease_resistance genes. The cDNA sequences encoding cyclophilin_like and H +_ATPase_like genes were first isolated and characterized in wheat. The putative amino acid sequences of the two clones showed that they were highly homologous to those of cyclophilin proteins and H +_ATPases isolated from other plants. Thus they were designated as Ta_Cyp and Ta_MAH . The obvious expression differences could be observed between wheat_ H. villosa 6VS/6AL translocation line and susceptible wheat cultivar 'Yangmai 5', implying that the two genes may be related with the resistance of wheat_ H. villosa 6VS/6AL translocation line to disease. Southern blot indicated that the wheat genome contained 2-3 copies of Ta_Cyp gene and one copy of the Ta_MAH gene. Chinese Spring nulli_tetrasomic line analysis located the Ta_Cyp homologous genes on wheat chromosome 6A, 6B and 6D. Southern blot using Ta_Cyp clone as a probe showed that the polymorphic bands existed among the H. villosa , amphiploid of Triticum durum _ H. villosa , wheat_ H. villosa 6VS/6AL translocation line and 'Yangmai 5', suggesting that Ta_Cyp homologies exist in wheat genome as well as on the short arm of chromosome 6V in H. villosa .展开更多
In situ loop-mediated isothermal amplification （in situ LAMP） combines in situ hybridization and loop-mediated isothermal amplification （LAMP） techniques for chromosomal localization of DNA sequences. In situ LAMP...In situ loop-mediated isothermal amplification （in situ LAMP） combines in situ hybridization and loop-mediated isothermal amplification （LAMP） techniques for chromosomal localization of DNA sequences. In situ LAMP is a method that is generally more specific and sensitive than conventional techniques such as fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH）, primed in situ labeling （PRINS）, and cycling primed in situ labeling （C-PRINS）. Here, we describe the development and application of in situ LAMP to identify the chromosomal localization of DNA sequences. To benchmark this technique, we successfully applied this technique to localize the major ribosomal RNA gene on the chromosomes of the Zhikong scallop （ Chlarnys farreri）.展开更多
Wheat powdery mildew （Pro） is a major disease of wheat worldwide. During the past years, numerous studies have been published on molecular mapping of Pm resistance gene（s） in wheat. We summarized the relevant find...Wheat powdery mildew （Pro） is a major disease of wheat worldwide. During the past years, numerous studies have been published on molecular mapping of Pm resistance gene（s） in wheat. We summarized the relevant findings of 89 major re- sistance gene mapping studies and 25 quantitative trait loci （QTL） mapping studies. Major Pm resistance genes and QTLs were found on all wheat chromosomes, but the Pm resistance genes/QTLs were not randomly distributed on each chromosome of wheat. The summarized data showed that the A or B genome has more major Pm resistance genes than the D genome and chromosomes 1A, 2A, 2B, 5B, 5D, 6B, 7A and 7B harbor more major Pm resistance genes than the other chromosomes. For adult plant resistance （APR） genes/QTLs, B genome of wheat harbors more APR genes than A and D genomes, and chromo- somes 2A, 4A, 5A, 1B, 2B, 3B, 5B, 6B, 7B, 2D, 5D and 7D harbor more Pm resistance QTLs than the other chromosomes, suggesting that A genome except 1A, 3A and 6A, B genome except 4B, D genome except 1D, 3D, 4D, and 6D play an impor- tant role in wheat combating against powdery mildew. Furthermore, Pm resistance genes are derived from wheat and its rela- tives, which suggested that the resistance sources are diverse and Pm resistance genes are diverse and useful in combating against the powdery mildew isolates. In this review, four APR genes, Pm38/Lr34/Yr18/Sr57, Pm46/Lr67/Yr46/Sr55, Pm？/Lr27/Yr30/ SY2 and Pm39/Lr46/Yr29, are not only resistant to powdery mildew but also effective for rust diseases in the field, indicating that such genes are stable and useful in wheat breeding programmes. The summarized data also provide chromosome locations or linked markers for Pm resistance genes/QTLs. Markers linked to these genes can also be utilized to pyramid diverse Pm resis- tance genes/QTLs more efficiently by marker-assisted selection.展开更多
A karyotype of Trifolium repens constructed from mitotic cells revealed 13 pairs of metacentric and 3 pairs of submetacentric chromosomes including a pair of satellites located at the end of the short arm of chromosom...A karyotype of Trifolium repens constructed from mitotic cells revealed 13 pairs of metacentric and 3 pairs of submetacentric chromosomes including a pair of satellites located at the end of the short arm of chromosome 16.C-bands were identified around the centromeric regions of 8 pairs of chromosomes. A 350 bp tandemly repeated DNA sequence from T. repens labelled with digoxygenin hybridized to the proximal centromeric regions of 12 chromosome pairs. Some correlation between the distribution of the repeat sequence and the distribution of C-banding was demonstrated.展开更多
The robot＇ s eyes through the background difference method were used to find broke into the visual range of a moving object and track and monitor the moving object. On the basis of geometry and according to the dista...The robot＇ s eyes through the background difference method were used to find broke into the visual range of a moving object and track and monitor the moving object. On the basis of geometry and according to the distance and deflection angle of the robot eyes positioning, the objects were captured and tracked by robots eyes. Geometry method precision was low, but simple calculation processing was quick. Thus, it can effectively meet the robot eyes preliminary positioning of the fast moving target.展开更多
The hafnium isotopic analysis using laser ablation has been widely conducted on Hf-rich minerals （zircon/baddeleyite/ calzirtite/eudialyte）, however, little work has been reported on Hf-poor （〈100 ppm） minerals. ...The hafnium isotopic analysis using laser ablation has been widely conducted on Hf-rich minerals （zircon/baddeleyite/ calzirtite/eudialyte）, however, little work has been reported on Hf-poor （〈100 ppm） minerals. This work presents a detailed procedure of in situ hafnium isotopic analysis from ruffle using laser ablation multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （LA-MC-ICP-MS）. The rutile U-Pb dating reference material JDX shows homogeneous hafnium isotopic ratios, with 176Hf/177Hf=0.281795±0.000015 （2SD, n=33） and176Lu/177Hf=0.000018±0.000004 （2SD, n=17） that suggest the possibility of using JDX as a new reference material hafnium isotopic measurement. We also measure hafnium isotopic compositions of other rutile U-Pb dating reference material （R10, Sugluk-4 and PCA-S207） and the 176Hf/177Hf values are similar to previously reported results, which confirms that we can acquire accurate and precise hafnium isotopic compositions using our developed analytical protocol. We analyzed hafnium isotopic compositions and U-Pb ages of rutile in high-temperature and ultrahigh-temperature granulites from various terrains of the Khondalite Belt from the North China Craton, combined with zircon results in the same area, suggesting that the metamorphic evolution history of the granulite is much more complicated than previously thought.展开更多
文摘Using foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.) male-sterile line 1066A as female parent and Yugu 1 primary trisomic series (1 - 7) and tetrasomics 8, 9 as male parents, chromosome location of gene for male-sterility and yellow seedling in line 1066A was studied by primary trisomic analysis. The plants of F-1 generation of trisomics 2 - 9 were obtained by crossing with a great many plants of 1066A. F-1 generation of trisomics was similar to their male parent in morphologic characters, the color of their seedling was green, and pollen was partially fertile. The segregation ratio of fertility to sterility is 3:1 in F-2 generation of trisomics 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 and 9; and 14:1 only in F-2 generation of trisomic 6 (chi(0.05)(2) = 0.012). The segregation ratio of green seedling to yellow seedling is 12:1 only in F-2 generation of trisomic 7 (chi(0.05)(2) = 0.31), but in other cases, this ratio is 3:1. The results indicated that the male-sterility gene was located on chromosome 6, and the gene for yellow seedling was monogenic recessive and located on chromosome 7. The rate of trisomics transmission by pollen was tested, trisomics 8 and 9 were the highest in rates of trisomics transmission and followed by trisomics 6 and 4.
文摘Reverse_transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT_PCR) was performed using cDNAs as templates from wheat_ Haynaldia villosa 6VS/6AL translocation line and 'Yangmai 5' induced with fungus Erysiphe graminis , and degenerate primers designed based on the conserved amino acid sequences of known plant disease_resistance genes. The cDNA sequences encoding cyclophilin_like and H +_ATPase_like genes were first isolated and characterized in wheat. The putative amino acid sequences of the two clones showed that they were highly homologous to those of cyclophilin proteins and H +_ATPases isolated from other plants. Thus they were designated as Ta_Cyp and Ta_MAH . The obvious expression differences could be observed between wheat_ H. villosa 6VS/6AL translocation line and susceptible wheat cultivar 'Yangmai 5', implying that the two genes may be related with the resistance of wheat_ H. villosa 6VS/6AL translocation line to disease. Southern blot indicated that the wheat genome contained 2-3 copies of Ta_Cyp gene and one copy of the Ta_MAH gene. Chinese Spring nulli_tetrasomic line analysis located the Ta_Cyp homologous genes on wheat chromosome 6A, 6B and 6D. Southern blot using Ta_Cyp clone as a probe showed that the polymorphic bands existed among the H. villosa , amphiploid of Triticum durum _ H. villosa , wheat_ H. villosa 6VS/6AL translocation line and 'Yangmai 5', suggesting that Ta_Cyp homologies exist in wheat genome as well as on the short arm of chromosome 6V in H. villosa .
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.31270047, 30901096)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(Nos. 2011BAD45B01, 2011BAD13B05)the Earmarked Fund For Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System to Dr. Zhenmin BAO
文摘In situ loop-mediated isothermal amplification （in situ LAMP） combines in situ hybridization and loop-mediated isothermal amplification （LAMP） techniques for chromosomal localization of DNA sequences. In situ LAMP is a method that is generally more specific and sensitive than conventional techniques such as fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH）, primed in situ labeling （PRINS）, and cycling primed in situ labeling （C-PRINS）. Here, we describe the development and application of in situ LAMP to identify the chromosomal localization of DNA sequences. To benchmark this technique, we successfully applied this technique to localize the major ribosomal RNA gene on the chromosomes of the Zhikong scallop （ Chlarnys farreri）.
基金Supported by the NSF of China(Grant no.31471488)State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology(2017KF03)+3 种基金Shandong Province Key Technology Innovation Project(2014GJJS0201-1)Transgenic Special Item(2016ZX08002003)National Modern Agricultural Industry System Construction Project(CARS-03-1-8)The Scholars of Taishan Seed Industry Project(2014-2019)
文摘Wheat powdery mildew （Pro） is a major disease of wheat worldwide. During the past years, numerous studies have been published on molecular mapping of Pm resistance gene（s） in wheat. We summarized the relevant findings of 89 major re- sistance gene mapping studies and 25 quantitative trait loci （QTL） mapping studies. Major Pm resistance genes and QTLs were found on all wheat chromosomes, but the Pm resistance genes/QTLs were not randomly distributed on each chromosome of wheat. The summarized data showed that the A or B genome has more major Pm resistance genes than the D genome and chromosomes 1A, 2A, 2B, 5B, 5D, 6B, 7A and 7B harbor more major Pm resistance genes than the other chromosomes. For adult plant resistance （APR） genes/QTLs, B genome of wheat harbors more APR genes than A and D genomes, and chromo- somes 2A, 4A, 5A, 1B, 2B, 3B, 5B, 6B, 7B, 2D, 5D and 7D harbor more Pm resistance QTLs than the other chromosomes, suggesting that A genome except 1A, 3A and 6A, B genome except 4B, D genome except 1D, 3D, 4D, and 6D play an impor- tant role in wheat combating against powdery mildew. Furthermore, Pm resistance genes are derived from wheat and its rela- tives, which suggested that the resistance sources are diverse and Pm resistance genes are diverse and useful in combating against the powdery mildew isolates. In this review, four APR genes, Pm38/Lr34/Yr18/Sr57, Pm46/Lr67/Yr46/Sr55, Pm？/Lr27/Yr30/ SY2 and Pm39/Lr46/Yr29, are not only resistant to powdery mildew but also effective for rust diseases in the field, indicating that such genes are stable and useful in wheat breeding programmes. The summarized data also provide chromosome locations or linked markers for Pm resistance genes/QTLs. Markers linked to these genes can also be utilized to pyramid diverse Pm resis- tance genes/QTLs more efficiently by marker-assisted selection.
文摘A karyotype of Trifolium repens constructed from mitotic cells revealed 13 pairs of metacentric and 3 pairs of submetacentric chromosomes including a pair of satellites located at the end of the short arm of chromosome 16.C-bands were identified around the centromeric regions of 8 pairs of chromosomes. A 350 bp tandemly repeated DNA sequence from T. repens labelled with digoxygenin hybridized to the proximal centromeric regions of 12 chromosome pairs. Some correlation between the distribution of the repeat sequence and the distribution of C-banding was demonstrated.
文摘The robot＇ s eyes through the background difference method were used to find broke into the visual range of a moving object and track and monitor the moving object. On the basis of geometry and according to the distance and deflection angle of the robot eyes positioning, the objects were captured and tracked by robots eyes. Geometry method precision was low, but simple calculation processing was quick. Thus, it can effectively meet the robot eyes preliminary positioning of the fast moving target.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.41130313&41525012)
文摘The hafnium isotopic analysis using laser ablation has been widely conducted on Hf-rich minerals （zircon/baddeleyite/ calzirtite/eudialyte）, however, little work has been reported on Hf-poor （〈100 ppm） minerals. This work presents a detailed procedure of in situ hafnium isotopic analysis from ruffle using laser ablation multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （LA-MC-ICP-MS）. The rutile U-Pb dating reference material JDX shows homogeneous hafnium isotopic ratios, with 176Hf/177Hf=0.281795±0.000015 （2SD, n=33） and176Lu/177Hf=0.000018±0.000004 （2SD, n=17） that suggest the possibility of using JDX as a new reference material hafnium isotopic measurement. We also measure hafnium isotopic compositions of other rutile U-Pb dating reference material （R10, Sugluk-4 and PCA-S207） and the 176Hf/177Hf values are similar to previously reported results, which confirms that we can acquire accurate and precise hafnium isotopic compositions using our developed analytical protocol. We analyzed hafnium isotopic compositions and U-Pb ages of rutile in high-temperature and ultrahigh-temperature granulites from various terrains of the Khondalite Belt from the North China Craton, combined with zircon results in the same area, suggesting that the metamorphic evolution history of the granulite is much more complicated than previously thought.
