“心广体胖”再考——兼论“体便”“便体”“体盘”

“心广体胖”之“体胖”,古今学者提出了体大、体安舒、体畅遂、体乐、体便等说法。文章梳理相关语料,认为“体胖”即“体盘”,乃身体高大义,又可指身份高贵、地位尊崇,在字书、文献中可得证明。“胖”之大义,可在字书故训、词义引申逻辑、语源学及其他侧面得到证明。“体便”又作“便体”,上古汉语中有体态轻盈、适宜身体、方便身体数义。与“体胖”不同,“胖”“便”不存在二次通假的关系。郑玄之体大说可取,其余说法存在文献用例过晚,无文献用例可以证明,无训释可依等问题,均难以自圆其说。

自拟通便汤治疗体虚便秘临床观察

目的:观察通便汤加减治疗体虚便秘患者的临床疗效,并初步探讨其作用机制。方法:治疗组用自拟通便汤加减,对照组采用麻仁丸治疗。10d为1个疗程,连续服用2个疗程。观察治疗前后临床症状,体征等方面的变化。结果:2组治愈率比较,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:自拟通便汤可明显改善临床症状和体征,对体虚便秘治疗有一定的临床效果。

经方小建中汤结合穴位贴敷治疗76例老年人体虚便秘临床疗效观察

目的运用经方小建中汤结合穴位贴敷治疗老年人体虚便秘,观察其对症状体征积分及临床疗效等指标的影响。方法符合纳入标准的76例体虚便秘病例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各38例。观察组予中药小建中汤口服,每日1剂,早晚分服,配合中药穴位贴敷,每日1贴;对照组予乳果糖口服液,每日三次,每次10ml,饭后服用。两组均以1周为1个疗程,连续使用2个疗程。根据两组治疗前后的症状体征积分评价两组疗效。结果治疗前两组症状体征积分差异无统计学意义,治疗1个疗程后,观察组的症状体征积分和对照组比较,差异无统计学意义;治疗2个疗程后,观察组的症状体征积分和对照组比较,差异出现统计学意义;治疗2个疗程时观察组总有效率(94.7%)优于对照组(86.8%),差异有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论经方小建中汤结合穴位贴敷治疗老年人体虚便秘疗效显著。

Reform Dividends and Economic Convenience

Reform dividends refer to the improvements in certain economic actors under the new, reformed institutional system as compared against the original system. Reform leads to greater economic growth potential by changing the institutional environment, which in turn increases the vibrancy and innovation of economic actors. The most economically convenient system is also in actuality the most effective market economic system. Reform based on public and collective actions should be based on the following principle： if institutional reform is evolving towards the enhancement of economic convenience, then we can be sure that reform is embarking on the path of releasing dividends.

Opiate-induced constipation related to activation of small intestine opioid μ2-receptors

AIM： To investigate the role of opioid p-receptor subtype in opiate-induced constipation （OIC）.METHODS： The effect of Ioperamide on intestinal transit was investigated in mice. Ileum strips were isolated from 12-wk-old male BALB/c mice for identification of isometric tension. The ileum strips were precontracted with 1 μmol/L acetylcholine （ACh）. Then, decrease in muscle tone （relaxation） was characterized after cumu- lative administration of 0.1-10μ~mol/L Ioperamide into the organ bath, for a concentration-dependent study. Specific blockers or antagonists were used for pretreat- ment to compare the changes in Ioperamide-induced relaxation.RESULTS： In addition to the delay in intestinal transit, Ioperamide produced a marked relaxation in isolated ileum precontracted with ACh, in a dose-dependent manner. This relaxation was abolished by cyprodime,a selective opioid p-receptor antagonist, but not modified by naloxonazine at a dose sufficient to block opioid μ-1 receptors. Also, treatment with opioid μ-1 receptor agonist failed to modify the muscle tone. Moreover, the relaxation by Ioperamide was attenuated by glibenclamide at a dose sufficient to block ATP-sensitive K^＋ （KATP） channels, and by protein kinase A （PKA） inhibitor, but was enhanced by an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase for cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP）.CONCLUSION： Loperamide induces intestinal relaxa- tion by activation of opioid μ-2 receptors via the cAMP- PKA pathway to open KATp channels, relates to OIC.

Identification and Typing of Respiratory Adenoviruses in Guangzhou, Southern China Using a Rapid and Simple Method

Human adenoviruses (HAdVs), especially HAdV-B3, -E4 and -B7, are associated with Acute Respiratory Disease in Chinese children, and occasionally in adults. In order to establish and document the profiles of the respiratory adenovirus pathogen among children in Guangzhou, Southern China, a rapid, simple and practical method for identification and typing of respiratory adenoviruses was developed and evaluated. One pair of universal PCR primers was designed according to the conserved region of the hexon gene, which can detect not only HAdV-B3, -E4 and -B7, but also HAdV-B14, -F40 and -F41, with a specific 300bp PCR product. Three pairs of type-specific PCR primers were also designed according to the hypervariable regions of the hexon gene to type HAdV-B3, -E4 and -B7 by three independent PCR reactions, making it easy to optimize the PCR conditions. By using this method, one hundred throat swab specimens collected during Oct 2010 to Dec 2011 and suspected of being positive for adenoviral infection were identified and typed for adenoviruses. Of these samples, fifty-five were adenovirus-positive. The most common HAdV type was HAdV-B3, identified in 92.7% of samples, which is not only consistent with the data reported in 2004-2006, but also consistent with the recent report in Hangzhou, eastern China, indicating that HAdV-B3 has been circulating in Guangzhou, and maybe in eastern China, for many years. The method for the respiratory adenovirus identification and typing we developed is rapid, simple and practical, which has a potential in the real-time surveillance of circulating adenovirus strains and also to provide etiological evidence for the adenovirus-relative disease control and prevention in China.

日本古代木牍中的“便体”

木牍源于中国。简牍在今天已成为一个专有名词。其实在古代,简与牍是有区别的,简指竹片制成的简册,牍则为木制的版牍。一般认为,竹简的书写要早于木牍,或者说木牍是受竹简的启发,在没有竹子或不便于用竹简的情况下,作为竹简的替代物来充当书写材料、并渐与竹简同时流行的。所有的简牍,均用墨笔书写。在日本出土的大量『木简』均为木质,应称其为『木牍』。

Design of Manure Gas Exhaustion to Reduce Ammonia Concentrations in Loose-Housing Systems for Laying Hens

Uniformity of air flow in extraction openings in exhaust air channels for manure gas exhaustion is determined by the distribution of pressure. The areas required in extraction vents and in extraction ducts are determined by the uniformity of air flow desired along the duct and by the loss of pressure that can be accepted. The area ratio between the vents and the cross section of the exhaust air duct will have a strong influence on both uniformity of flow and loss of pressure. The following ventilation properties were studied： Uniformity of air flow; Variations in static pressure along a duct; Air velocity at different distances from the vents. The area ratio should be about 1 for uniform exhaustion. The studies showed that the relative variation in air velocity is independent of the level of the ventilation rate. The uniformity of the exhaust distance is influenced in about the same way by the area ratio as the air velocity in the exhaust vents. Thus, it is important that the area ratio is not too high if a good exhaust function should be guaranteed. The studies also demonstrated that the uniformity of the exhaust distance is independent of the ventilation flow rate. The exhaust ventilation range is, maximally 0.3 m from the vents. The static friction coefficient was on average 0.80.

桃核承气汤加减结合针灸治疗椎体压缩性骨折相关性便秘临床效果分析

目的:总结分析椎体压缩性骨折相关性便秘采用桃核承气汤加减结合针灸实施治疗的临床疗效。方法:根据确定的纳入标准和排除标准选取80例椎体压缩性骨折相关性便秘患者作为研究对象,对照组40例使用一般治疗方法,观察组40例实施一般治疗+桃核承气汤加减+针灸治疗,比较分析两组患者对应的治疗效果以及症状改善指标。结果:(1)观察组97.5%的治疗总有效率高于对照组82.5%的治疗总有效率(P<0.05),差异存在统计学意义;(2)观察组肛门排气时间以及排便时间均早于对照组,差异较为显著,存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:桃核承气汤加减结合针灸治疗椎体压缩性骨折相关性便秘具有较好的临床效果,能够快速改善患者便秘症状,保证治疗效果,值得推广应用。

Facile Synthesis of Coronene Dimers Having Unique Optical Properties

The authors synthesized very pure dimer phase of coroneae by simple heat-treatment and subsequent sublimation purification. It was confirmed by laser desorption/ionization mass spectroscopy measurements that pure dimer phase of coronenes can be obtained by controlling the fusing and sublimation temperatures. The crystal structure of the dimer phase was analyzed by synchrotron XRD （X-ray diffraction） experiments. It was also found that very bright red light is emitted by irradiating ultra violet light （λ = 350 nm） to the dimer phase. The external and internal quantum yields were determined to be 5.56% and 6.95%, respectively.

行健脾清胃汤治疗脾虚湿热型慢性糜烂性胃炎随机平行对照研究

[目的]观察行健脾清胃汤治疗脾虚湿热型慢性糜烂性胃炎疗效。[方法]使用随机平行对照方法,将84例住院患者按病志号抽签法简单随机分为两组注意饮食,忌烟酒、辛辣刺激食物及其他影响研究的药物。对照组42例胶体果胶铋,150mg/次,4次/d;兰索拉唑,30mg/次,1次/d。治疗组42例健脾清胃汤(薏苡仁30g,生黄芪、海螵蛸各20g,党参、茯苓、蒲公英、芙蓉叶各15g,白术炒12g,姜半夏、黄芩、白及各10g,失笑散9g,川连6g),1剂/d,水煎400m L,早晚分服。连续治疗28d为1疗程。观测临床症状、胃黏膜状况、体征(便溏、尿黄、口苦、胸闷、泛酸、舌苔)、不良反应。治疗1疗程,判定疗效。[结果]治疗组痊愈21例,有效17例,无效3例,总有效率92.86%。对照组痊愈17例,有效15例,无效10例,总有效率76.19%。治疗组疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。两组临床体征均有改善(P<0.05),治疗组改善优于对照组(P<0.05)。[结论]行健脾清胃汤治疗脾虚湿热型慢性糜烂性胃炎效果显著,无严重不良反应,值得推广。

The Impact of Trade Facilitation on Economic Development： A Case of East African Community （EAC）

This study examined the impact of trade facilitation on economic development, particularly the impact of customs environment on trade flows over the period from 1995 to 2010. Five countries of the East African Community （EAC）, namely, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi, are involved. The study employs a gravity model for estimating bilateral trade flows between the EAC partner states. The ordinary least square （OLS） technique is adopted and applied for the regression analysis by using the Stata 10.0 software. Results suggest that, the customs environment of the importer is significant and possesses a strongly positive impact on East African trade flows. Results also find that the customs environment of the exporter is insignificant, even though it shows a negative relationship with the East African trade flows, hence a negative determinant. East African countries have to improve their customs environment, especially when undertaking an importation, in order to boost the overall trade flow in the block. They should also improve other trade facilitation indicators, such as port efficiency, regulatory environment, and infrastructure. The aid for trade, in terms of technical and financial assistance, should also be enhanced for the development of infrastructure, including roads, railways, ports, bridges, and border posts.

Accuracy and Electromagnetic Safety Evaluation of a Portable Electromagnetic Localization System for Micro Invasive Medical Devices in Vivo

Aiming at localizing the telemetric capsule for detecting gastrointestinal physiological parameters in vivo accurately,a portable alternating current(AC)electromagnetic localization system is designed.To verify the feasibility of the method,the model and construction of the localization system are detailed.And static and dynamic accuracy of the localization system are tested by experiments.Next,we compare the simulating results of the electromagnetic radiation aroused by the localization system with the electromagnetic safety standards of human(ICNIRP guidelines and IEEE standard C95.1-1991).Finally,in terms of the results of the static and dynamic experiments,conclusions are drawn that the accuracy of portable positioning system is high(less than 10 mm)enough to satisfy the localization need of the micro invasive medical devices in vivo,and there is no harm of electromagnetic radiation to human.

Food Color Memory and Names- A Linguistic Vantage

We name colors of foods with great ease. This process is conventionalized through our cultures and our biological dictates. People identify food colors through words that are again highly constrained. Embodiment of experience and perception deals with these constraints to make color term use a cognitively economical mechanism, keeping numbers of concepts in mind through categorial conceptualization in long term memory. The parallel process that puts together our linguistic and visual information, allows the individual to map a correspondence between the two frames. The result of this mapping is a ＂cognitive color＂ in long term color memory. This paper presents an experiment in triggering long term memory and the response results. The objective was to verify whether individuals＇ cognitive color of well known foods, both raw and cooked, that they had just identified with Natural Color System （NCS） color samples, would be predominantly a primary basic color term, a secondary basic color term, or a complete descriptive utterance. The name used to communicate a desired signification is accessed through the judgement of similarity and difference with a point of reference. In this case, the food color vantage represents the cognitive color remembered.

Dietary compliance in celiac disease

Celiac disease is an immune-mediated disorder that causes severe architectural disturbance in the small intestinal mucosa of genetically-predisposed individuals.Impaired absorption of multiple nutrients results and diarrhea and weight loss develop.Evidence has accumulated that a strict gluten-free diet can result in resolution of diarrhea,weight gain and normalization of nutrient malabsorption.In addition,histopathological changes also normalize,but this histopathological res-ponse appears to be time-dependent,sex-dependent and age-dependent.Compliance to a gluten-free diet is difficult and costly resulting in poor compliance and only a limited clinical response.This poses a risk for later long-term complications,including malignancy.A major practical clinical problem is the assessment of compliance to the gluten-free diet.Although symptoms may resolve and serological antibody markers may improve,multiple studies have documented ongoing architectural disturbance and inflammatory change,and with these continued inflammatory changes,a persistent risk for long-term complications.Recent immunological studies have suggested that peptides can be detected in both urine and fecal specimens that may be indicative of limited compliance.At the same time,multiple biopsy studies have demonstrated that complete normalization of the mucosa may occur in some patients within 6 mo of initiation of a gluten-free diet,but more often,up to 2 years or more may be required before repeated biopsies eventually show mucosal recovery and mucosal healing.

持敬与从易——从书写心理看书体分类之新径

本文通过对中国书法史的梳理,在前人对文字"正体"与"俗体"的分类基础上,结合书写者心理、文字书写内容以及授受对象,从传统"礼""仪"的角度来分析,提出了"敬体书"与"便体书"的概念,从学理上揭示了中国书法创作中持敬心态和率意表达的两种途径。

Amberlyst-15 in PEG：A novel catalytic system for the facile and efficient one-pot synthesis of benzothiazolo-[2,3-b]-quinazolinone derivatives

A simple and convenient approach for the synthesis of tetraheterocyclic benzothiazolo-[2,3-b]-quinazolin-1-ones has been developed utilizing the MCR methodology, which involves the condensation of 2-aminobenzothiazole, cyclic-diketones and various aldehydes using Amberlyst-15 in PEG 400 as an environmentally benign and reusable catalyst system. Environmental benignity, recyclability, cost-effectiveness, easy workup and excellent yields are the major attributes of this one-pot procedure.

An integrated flexible multifunctional sensing system for simultaneous monitoring of environment signals

With the rapid development of portable devices and internet of things,the requirement of system wearability and integration accelerates the investigation of flexible multifunctional sensors.In this study,we developed an integrated flexible sensing system with four nanowire-based sensors and a Ni microwire-based temperature sensor.The four nanowirebased sensors are three kinds of photodetectors responding to lights with different wavelengths and a gas sensor.Due to the large surface volume ratio and considerable sub wavelength effect,all the nanowire-based sensors show good sensing response and excellent linear relationship between sensitivity and temperature.The as-fabricated flexible sensing system can simultaneously detect environmental parameters,including temperature change,light intensities from UV-Visible to near infrared regions,and harmful gas concentration.Our flexible multifunctional sensing system therefore opens up a new way for the emerging portable and wearable electronics.

A portable single-cell analysis system integrating hydrodynamic trapping with broadband impedance spectroscopy

In this paper, we present a portable single-cell analysis system with the hydrodynamic cell trapping and the broadband electrical impedance spectroscopy （EIS）. Using the least flow resistance path principle, the hydrodynamic cell trapping in serpentine arrays can be carried out in a deterministic and automatic manner without the assistance of any external fields. The experimental results show that a cell trap rate of higher than 95% can be easily achieved in our ceil trapping microdevices. Using the maximum length sequences （MLS） technique, our home-made EIS is capable of measuring the impedance spectrum ranging from 1.953 kHz to 1 MHz in approximately 0.5 ms. Finally, on the basis of the developed single-cell analysis system, we precisely monitor the trapping process of human breast tumor cells （MCF-7 cells） according to the changes of electrical impedance. The MCF-7 cells with different trapping conditions or sizes can also be clearly distinguished through the impedance signals. Our portable single-cell analysis system may provide a promising tool to monitor single cells for long periods of time or to discriminate cell types.

SmI_2-promoted imino-Reformatsky reaction for facile synthesis of enantioenriched β-amino acid esters

A facile and efficient method for the stereoselective synthesis of β-amino acid esters via SmI2-promoted imino-Reformatsky reaction is described.Asymmetric addition of tert-butyl bromoacetate to N-tert-butanesulfinyl aldimines afforded β-amino acid esters in moderate to high yields with excellent diastereoselectivities.The synthetic utilities of the tert-butyl β-amino acid esters were expanded by the preparation of β-lactams and 3-aminoindan-1-ones derivatives.