Electronic atlas project (E-atlas project) plays a n important role in the procedure of popularizing maps and is diversifying its a pplication widely in China. Practice for E-atlas projects is a basic approach f or ac...Electronic atlas project (E-atlas project) plays a n important role in the procedure of popularizing maps and is diversifying its a pplication widely in China. Practice for E-atlas projects is a basic approach f or achieving public accessibility to national spatial data infrastructure (N SDI) and meets people’s inherent needs of updated maps. This paper provides a d escription and assessment of an integration of E-atlas projects, analyzes curre nt progress and characters of E-atlas project, summarizes basic guide rules, an d provides solution and interpretation. It depicts a conceptual framework of an authoring toolkit that is driven by application of E-atlas on the basis of succ essful instances. The toolkit which improves interactive interface, decreases op erational difficulties is developed in Visual C++ and used widely in China.展开更多
Innovation systems principles are increasingly applied for putting agricultural research into use. This paper presents and analyses three such initiatives located in South Asia, with an aim to generate empirical evide...Innovation systems principles are increasingly applied for putting agricultural research into use. This paper presents and analyses three such initiatives located in South Asia, with an aim to generate empirical evidence about practical aspects of the innovation process. These cases seem to suggest that the initial stages of innovation trajectory comprise of social engineering and creation of appropriate architecture of actors, after which need for new knowledge arises and favourable conditions develop for putting such knowledge into use. The cases also present how different types of agencies assume lead roles during different stages of innovation trajectory. The paper urges authorities from policy and practice to consider status of social architecture and the fact that different types of agencies play lead role in the innovation process before planning agricultural innovation initiatives.展开更多
The demand environment has a great influence on innovations and the formation of the motive force of theinnovation. The demand causes the desire; the desire forms the motive force; the motive force inspires the innova...The demand environment has a great influence on innovations and the formation of the motive force of theinnovation. The demand causes the desire; the desire forms the motive force; the motive force inspires the innovative thinking;the innovative thinking becomes the innovative practice; and the innovative practice, finally, meets people’s demand.展开更多
Asia has a special significance in China’s neighborhood strategy.Geographically,the Belt and Road Initiative faces the countries of Asia or China’s neighbors in the first place.Asia is clearly marked by an imbalance...Asia has a special significance in China’s neighborhood strategy.Geographically,the Belt and Road Initiative faces the countries of Asia or China’s neighbors in the first place.Asia is clearly marked by an imbalance in and“absence”of regional economic integration.This“absence”is two-fold:it is expressed on the one hand as a lack of unified institutional arrangements for regional economic integration,and on the other as the inability of underdeveloped countries in the region to truly participate in regional economic integration and thereby gain opportunities for development.Compared with the rule-oriented nature of existing regional economic integration mechanisms,the Belt and Road Initiative,as a new type of regional cooperation mechanism,displays an orientation towards development.All existing regional economic integration arrangements,regardless of their form,establish specific rules on access thresholds,the rights and duties of member countries,schedules and roadmaps,dispute resolution mechanisms and so forth.This is not the case for the Belt and Road,which is not predicated on specific rules,but establishes its overall framework by orienting itself towards development.Overall,the development orientation of the Belt and Road is helpful not only in overcoming the inherent defects of Asian regional economic integration,but in responding to the new challenge of anti-globalization.This is an institutional public good that China offers to Asia and to the world.展开更多
文摘Electronic atlas project (E-atlas project) plays a n important role in the procedure of popularizing maps and is diversifying its a pplication widely in China. Practice for E-atlas projects is a basic approach f or achieving public accessibility to national spatial data infrastructure (N SDI) and meets people’s inherent needs of updated maps. This paper provides a d escription and assessment of an integration of E-atlas projects, analyzes curre nt progress and characters of E-atlas project, summarizes basic guide rules, an d provides solution and interpretation. It depicts a conceptual framework of an authoring toolkit that is driven by application of E-atlas on the basis of succ essful instances. The toolkit which improves interactive interface, decreases op erational difficulties is developed in Visual C++ and used widely in China.
文摘Innovation systems principles are increasingly applied for putting agricultural research into use. This paper presents and analyses three such initiatives located in South Asia, with an aim to generate empirical evidence about practical aspects of the innovation process. These cases seem to suggest that the initial stages of innovation trajectory comprise of social engineering and creation of appropriate architecture of actors, after which need for new knowledge arises and favourable conditions develop for putting such knowledge into use. The cases also present how different types of agencies assume lead roles during different stages of innovation trajectory. The paper urges authorities from policy and practice to consider status of social architecture and the fact that different types of agencies play lead role in the innovation process before planning agricultural innovation initiatives.
文摘The demand environment has a great influence on innovations and the formation of the motive force of theinnovation. The demand causes the desire; the desire forms the motive force; the motive force inspires the innovative thinking;the innovative thinking becomes the innovative practice; and the innovative practice, finally, meets people’s demand.
文摘Asia has a special significance in China’s neighborhood strategy.Geographically,the Belt and Road Initiative faces the countries of Asia or China’s neighbors in the first place.Asia is clearly marked by an imbalance in and“absence”of regional economic integration.This“absence”is two-fold:it is expressed on the one hand as a lack of unified institutional arrangements for regional economic integration,and on the other as the inability of underdeveloped countries in the region to truly participate in regional economic integration and thereby gain opportunities for development.Compared with the rule-oriented nature of existing regional economic integration mechanisms,the Belt and Road Initiative,as a new type of regional cooperation mechanism,displays an orientation towards development.All existing regional economic integration arrangements,regardless of their form,establish specific rules on access thresholds,the rights and duties of member countries,schedules and roadmaps,dispute resolution mechanisms and so forth.This is not the case for the Belt and Road,which is not predicated on specific rules,but establishes its overall framework by orienting itself towards development.Overall,the development orientation of the Belt and Road is helpful not only in overcoming the inherent defects of Asian regional economic integration,but in responding to the new challenge of anti-globalization.This is an institutional public good that China offers to Asia and to the world.
