英汉体强制与情状迁移的ERS时间语义阐释

体强制与情状迁移是语境驱动的语义组合与调整,基于情状时间E、参照时间R及说话时间S的关系,本文研究发现,英汉时间状语或汉语时量补语及进行体所触发的体强制,本质上是参照时间对动词或动宾结构的内在情状时间进行强制而导致的情状迁移,英汉时间状语或汉语时量补语充任了参照时间。体强制与情状迁移具有同构和因果关系,动词或动宾结构的内在情状时间到现实情状时间的迁移是空间上情状迁移的充分条件。体强制的语义整合过程具有系统性和规律性,可从时间语义上加以形式刻画。

辽东湾南部东营组二段强制湖退沉积体的发现及其地质意义

辽东湾南部东营组二段下部发育一套斜交前积结构地层,通过单井精细沉积作用分析和三维地震资料综合解释与分析,认为该套沉积是一套强制湖退沉积体,主要由于东营组二段沉积时期湖平面强烈下降形成。强制湖退沉积体在区域上可以识别出6期三角洲前积体依次前积叠覆,并发育一系列下切谷,在三角洲前缘部位还发育滑塌沉积,但三角洲顶积层不发育,这些特征与国内外典型强制海退沉积体的表现特征非常相似。采用正演模拟方法对强制湖退沉积作用形成机制进行了分析。辽东湾南部东营组二段强制湖退沉积体的发现,有助于该地区东营组一段及东营组二段区域地层解释与对比,对于开拓该地区油气勘探思路和推动岩性地层油气藏勘探具有一定的战略意义。

Recent progress in Mg-Li matrix composites

Mg-Li matrix composites are one of the ideal structural materials in the fields of aerospace and military due to their high specific strength and stiffness, good damping and wear resistance, and small thermal expansion coefficient. The preparation technologies of Mg-Li matrix composites including powder metallurgy, pressure infiltration, stir-casting, foil metallurgy, and in-situ synthesis were introduced, and their advantages and disadvantages were compared. The common matrix alloys and reinforcements for Mg-Li matrix composites as well as the structure and performance of typical composites were mainly summarized. Then the interface chemistry between matrix and reinforcement was briefly reviewed. Finally, some problems existing at present and the possible solutions were discussed.

Effects Viscous Dissipation on the Asymptotic Behaviour of Laminar Forced Convection for HerscheI-Bulkley Fluid in a Circular Duct

The asymptotic behaviour of laminar forced convection in a circular duct, for a Herschel-Bulkley fluid with constant properties, is analysed by taking into account the viscous dissipation effects. The axial heat conduction in the fluid is neglected. The asymptotic temperature field and the asymptotic value of the Nusselt number are determined for every boundary condition that allows a fully developed region. Comparisons with other existing solutions for Newtonian and non-Newtonian cases are presented.

Effective measures to study the future development of social sports

Community sports mean the workers, farmers, and other residents of the street, voluntarily participate diverse content-rich forms of mass sports activities in order to promote good health in their leisure time. Social Sports are a fundamental part of the mass sports in China, it has entirely voluntary amateur principle distinct from a high level of competitive sports, but also different from school sports and military sports with certain mandatory ingredients.

Force Sensing Resistor and Its Applicationto Robotic Control

Abstract: The force sensing resistor (FSR) and its con’struction and characteristic are described. By using the optimal electronic interface, the end result which is a direct proportionality between force and voltage is obtained. The circuits of application for force and position measurements in the robotic control are given. The experiment that FSRs are placed on the fingers of BH - 1 dexterous hand as tactile sensors to measure the contacting forces shows FSR’s force sensitivity is optimized for use in the control of robot contacting with environment.

Critical Heat Flux in Forced Convective Boiling with a Wall Jet

The critical heat flux (CHF) in the forced convective boiling with a wall jet has been investigated.The experiments of CHF with a wall jet have been performed over a wide range of ρ l/ρ g=6.6-1 603 and ΔT sub =0-60 K. The mechanism on CHF is discussed and a CHF model based on heat balance in sublayer can provide a good clue for analyzing and deriving CHF.Finally,a generalized correlation is presented, which can predict CHF for saturated and subcooled conditions.

Mechanism of zonal disintegration phenomenon in enclosing rock mass around deep tunnels

In order to study the mechanism of the zonal disintegration phenomenon(ZDP),both experimental and theoretical investigations were carried out.Firstly,based on the similarity law,gypsum was chosen as equivalent material to simulate the deep rock mass,the excavation of deep tunnel was modeled by drilling a hole in the gypsum models,two circular cracked zones were measured in the model,and ZDP in the enclosing rock mass around deep tunnel was simulated in 3D gypsum model tests.Secondly, based on the elasto-plastic analysis of the stressed-strained state of the surrounding rock mass with the improved Hoek-Brown strength criterion and the bilinear constitutive model,the maximum stress zone occurred in vicinity of the elastic-plastic interface due to the excavation of the deep tunnel,rock material in maximum stress zone is in the approximate uniaxial loading state owing to the larger tangential force and smaller radial force,the mechanism of ZDP was explained,which lay in the creep instability failure of rock mass due to the development of plastic zone and transfer of the maximum stress zone within the rock mass.Thirdly,the analytical critical depth for the occurrence of ZDP was obtained,which depended on the mechanical indices and stress concentration coefficient of rock mass.

“政治作为天职”的两分——韦伯支配学说与国家概念的两个关联

韦伯的支配学说与他的国家定义有两个特别的关联。一方面,国家概念中的"垄断"有赖于政治经营的"剥离"程度;另一方面,被垄断的强力不会自动构成一种新的"正当性支配"。以此为入手点,本文仔细检讨《社会学基本概念》,指出行政集团集政治经营和代表这两个能力于一身,它与组织体其他成员的关系被韦伯概括为正当性支配,正当性支配的含义与组织体强制有着相当的重合。由此观之,韦伯重返政治家的天职观恰在于抵制正当性支配和组织体强制的重合。"政治作为天职"也充满了组织体强制和政治人格之间的张力。这也意味着,我们应从支配中的行动者关系而不是正当性支配的信念来重新考察支配社会学。

Forced-Flow Convection for Liquid Methanol Flowing through Microchannels

Experiments were conducted to investigate the single phase forced-flow convection of methanol flowing through microchannels with rectangular cross-section.The fully-developed turbulent convection regime was found to be initiated at about Re=1000-1500,The fully developed turbulent heat transfer can be predicted by the well-known Dittus-Boelter correlation with mere modification of the original empirical constant coefficient 0.023 to 0.00805.The transition and laminar heat transfer behaviors in microchannels are highly peculiar and complicated,and heavily affected by liquid temperature,velocity and microchannel size.

Fatigue strength of Al7075 notched plates based on the local SED averaged over a control volume

When pointed V-notches weaken structural components, local stresses are singular and their intensities are expressed in terms of the notch stress intensity factors （NSIFs）. These parameters have been widely used for fatigue assessments of welded struc- tures under high cycle fatigue and sharp notches in plates made of brittle materials subjected to static loading. Fine meshes are required to capture the asymptotic stress distributions ahead of the notch tip and evaluate the relevant NSIFs. On the other hand, when the aim is to determine the local Strain Energy Density （SED） averaged in a control volume embracing the point of stress singularity, refined meshes are, not at all, necessary. The SED can be evaluated from nodal displacements and regular coarse meshes provide accurate values for the averaged local SED. In the present contribution, the link between the SED and the NSIFs is discussed by considering some typical welded joints and sharp V-notches. The procedure based on the SED has been also proofed to be useful for determining theoretical stress concentration factors of blunt notches and holes. In the second part of this work an application of the strain energy density to the fatigue assessment of A17075 notched plates is presented. The experimental data are taken from the recent literature and refer to notched specimens subjected to different shot peening treatments aimed to increase the notch fatigue strength with respect to the parent material.

Pressure Drop Control Using Multiple Orifice System in Compressible Pipe Flows

In order to investigate the effectiveness of an orifice system in producing pressure drops and the effect of compressibility on the pressure drop, computations using the mass-averaged implicit Navier-Stokes equations were applied to the axisymmetric pipe flows with the operating pressure ratio from 1.5 to 20.0. The standard k- ε turbulence model was employed to close the governing equations. Numerical calculations were carried out for some combinations of the multiple orifice configurations. The present CFD data showed that the orifice systems, which have been applied to incompressible flow regime to date, could not be used for the high operating pressure ratio flows. The orifice interval did not strongly affect the total pressure drop, but the orifice area ratio more than 2.5 led to relatively high pressure drops. The total pressure drop rapidly increased in the range of the operating pressure ratio from 1.5 to 4.0, but it nearly did not increase when the operating pressure ratio was over 4.0. In the compressible pipe flows through double and triple orifice systems, the total pressure drop was largely due to shock losses.

Ausforming effects on anisotropy of mechanical properties in HSLA martensitic steel

In order to clarify effects of prior pancaked austenitic structure on microstructure and mechanical properties of transformed martensite in ausformed steel,a super-thin pancaked austenite was processed by multi-pass rolling in a 0.03-2.6Mn0.06Nb-0.01Ti(wt%) low alloy steel.The evolution of prior pancaked austenite grain during multi-pass rolling was studied using Ni-30Fe model alloy.Related with the structure and texture in the prior super-thin pancaked austenite in Ni-30Fe alloy,the texture and anisotropy of mechanical properties of transformed martensite in the studied ausformed steel were focused on.There were mainly three kinds of rolling texture components in the super-thin pancaked austenite:Goss {110} 001,copper {112} 111 and brass {110} 112.They were further transformed into the weak {001} 110 and strong {112} 110,{111} 112 texture components in the martensitic structure.The orientation relationship(OR) of lath martensite transformation from pancaked austenite in the ausformed steel deviated larger from the exact Kurdjumov-Sachs(K-S) OR than in the case of equiaxed austenite without deformation.The tensile and yield strengths of the ausformed martensitic steel first decreased and then increased as the angle between tension direction and rolling direction increased.The main reason for the anisotropy of strength was considered as the texture component {112} 110 in martensite.However,the anisotropy of impact toughness was more complex and the main reasons for it are unknown.

Engineering the heterogeneous interfaces of inverse opals to boost charge transfer for efficient solar water splitting

Herein,we report a three-dimensional porous TiO_(2)/Fe_(2)TiO_(5)/Fe_(2)O_(3)(TFF)inverse opal through in situ thermal solid reactions for photoelectrochemical water splitting.The Fe_(2)TiO_(5) interfacial layer within TFF acting as a bridge to tightly connect to TiO_(2) and Fe_(2)O_(3) reduces the interfacial charge transfer resistance,and suppresses the bulk carrier recombination.The optimized TFF displays a remarkable photocurrent density of 0.54mAcm^(-2) at 1.23V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE),which is 25 times higher than that of TiO_(2)/Fe_(2)O_(3)(TF)inverse opal(0.02mAcm^(-2) at 1.23V vs.RHE).The charge transfer rate in TFF inverse opal is 2-8 times higher than that of TF in the potential range of 0.7-1.5V vs.RHE.The effects of the Fe_(2)TiO_(5) interfacial layer are further revealed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy.This work offers an interfacial engineering protocol to improve charge separation and transfer for efficient solar water splitting.

A novel microstructural design and heat treatment technique based on gradient control of carbon partitioning between austenite and martensite for high strength steels

Based on gradient control of carbon partitioning between martensite and austenite during heat treatment of steels,a stepping-quenching-partitioning(S-Q-P) process is developed for high strength steels.The S-Q-P process involves several quenching processes at progressively lower temperatures between martensite-start(Ms) and martensite-finish(Mf) temperatures,each followed by a partitioning treatment at either the initial quenching temperature or above that temperature.A novel microstructure is designed based on the S-Q-P process.Sizes and distributions of retained austenite and high-carbon martensite surrounded by martensite laths can be manipulated by the partitioning duration and temperature,and quenching temperature of the S-Q-P process.Alloying element Si is employed in the S-Q-P steel to suppress formation of carbides and create suitable amount of retained austenite.A steel of 0.39C-1.22Mn-1.12Si-0.23Cr(wt.%) treated by the S-Q-P process is endowed with some special microstructural characteristics:some strips of retained austenite located at edges of martensite blocks with high density of dislocations and between martensite laths,some small blocks of twinned martensites distributed among bundles of the low-carbon martensite lath.The mechanical properties of the medium carbon steel after the S-Q-P process can reach ultimate tensile strength(Rm) of 1240 MPa,total elongation(EI) of 25%,and product of strength and ductility(PSD) of 31.2 GPa% that are much more improved than those after the conventional quenching-tempering(Q-T) and currently prevailing quenching-partitioning(Q-P) treatments.The PSD of the tested steel after the S-Q-P process increases by 67% and 32% as compared with those after the Q-T and Q-P processes,respectively.

Performance of surface plasmon resonance imaging system based on angular modulation and intensity measurement

This paper presents a surface plasmon resonance(SPR) imaging system based on angular modulation(AM) and intensity measurement(IM) together to avoid the mechanical errors of the angle scanning device. The SPR resonant angle was found by angular scanning method and then the light intensity changes were collected at a fixed incident angle. Glycerol gradient solution(0%, 1%, 2%, 3%(weight percentage) glycerol dissolved in water) experiments were conducted, which indicate that the best fixed angle location is the middle of the linear range of SPR absorption peak and the central area signals are more uniform than those of the border areas. The sensitivity differences of different areas of SPR images are studied, and an optimized algorithm is developed.

Preparation of Al-doped ZnO nanocrystalline aggregates with enhanced performance for dye adsorption

Al-doped ZnO (AZO) nanocrystalline aggregates (NCAs) were prepared by a low cost colloid chemistry method and effects of the Al-doped concentration on the morphological and structural properties of the AZO NCAs were studied. The dye adsorption ability of the AZO NCAs with various Al-doped concentrations was also investigated. Results indicate that the doping of the Al ions not only does not change the wurtzite structure of the ZnO crystal but also can reduce the crystallite grain size and the particle size distribution of the NCAs, which gives them a higher specific surface area and dye adsorption ability than that of the ZnO NCAs. The as-prepared AZO NCAs would be a promising material to be applied in the dye sensitized solar cells and water treatment.