太极拳教学中的体操化倾向

太极拳意识取决于思维的内在活动,不容易领悟;太极拳的架势动作是外在形式,看得见,容易学,可以依样画葫芦地模仿不明白太极拳身心兼修的人,学习太极拳只以“形似”为目标因此,提倡纠正忽视或轻视用意运气的倾向,注重意念锻炼,让太极拳在校园体育文化中发挥应有的作用,是太极拳学练过程中亟待解决的核心问题.

竞技武术套路“体操化”发展的回眸与反思

本文以坚守我们的价值体系,坚守我们的核心价值观为理念,回眸竞技武术套路的发展过程,并反思其中出现的问题。研究认为,从它对西方兵操"模仿"的萌芽中,找寻其改变发展方向的原因;从其每次规则修改中,发现对于"竞技"的过度重视导致其步入尴尬的泥潭;从其发展的目标中,吸取理念上偏离中华文化"母体"而带来的失败经验;从其入奥失败后的结果中,省思将来如何回归"中华价值体系与核心价值观"的未来走向。文章最后指出,敢于抛弃对世界竞技体育的一味追求,而不是单纯的追逐竞技体育、奥林匹克运动项目。应立足于我们的"文化自信",回过头反思中国武术的本质。从优秀传统文化博大精深的富足矿藏中寻找素材,进而吸取和消化浩瀚的本民族文化,坚持竞技武术套路发展从民族文化中来,并走向本民族。这样才能够建立一个具有东方特色兼容世界体育的中国竞技武术体系。

光復讲太极(十四) 啐啄同时传薪火 长松屹立扶明堂——如何处理好师生关系

传统武术教学的现状,从得失方面来看,失大于得,主要是不少传统武术绝技逐渐失传。仅以太极拳教学为例,这枚中华璀璨的瑰宝,本应在新时代放射出更加夺目的光彩,然而事实并非如此。说现在的太极拳形似多、神似少、气韵不足也许言过其实,说太极拳向着体操化、舞蹈化方向发展则一点也不为过。发生这种状况,一定是传统武术的教与学之间出现了问题,是传统武术的师与生、授与受、教与学之间的关系不顺畅、不和谐、不精准所导致。因此,我们应重新思考,怎样的师生关系才有助于太极拳在当下的传承。

Flow shop rescheduling problem under rush orders

In the environment of customization, disturbances such as rush orders and material shortages often occur in the manufacturing system, so rescheduling is necessary for the manufacturing system. The rescheduling methodology should be able to dispose of the disturbance efficiently so as to keep production going smoothly. This aims researching flow shop rescheduling problem (FSRP) necessitated by rush orders. Disjunctive graph is employed to demonstrate the FSRP. For a flow shop processing n jobs, after the original schedule has been made, and z out of n jobs have been processed in the flow shop, x rush orders come, so the original n jobs together with x rush orders should be rescheduled immediately so that the rush orders would be processed in the shortest time and the original jobs could be processed subject to some optimized criteria. The weighted mean flow time of both original jobs and rush orders is used as objective function. The weight for rush orders is much bigger than that of the original jobs, so the rush orders should be processed early in the new schedule. The ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm used to solve the rescheduling problem has a weakness in that the search may fall into a local optimum. Mutation operation is employed to enhance the ACO performance. Numerical experiments demonstrated that the proposed algorithm has high computation repeatability and efficiency.

Effect of the operation parameters on the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in fluidized bed reactors

For the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis （FrS）, this paper presents a numerical investigation in a 3D fiuidized bed reactor. The effect of the operation parameters such as bed temperature, superficial gas velocities, particle size and bed heights is discussed. A 3D-CFD model coupled with FTS chemical kinetics was set up. The computational resuits are compared with experimental data in terms of the components production rates, etc. The analysis shows that the bed heights, the bed temperature, the superficial gas velocities and particle sizes affect the C5 ＋ selectivity and the reaction rates. Product yields are dependent on the operating conditions especially the temperature.

Operation and Optimization of Residue Hydrotreating Unit Using New Catalyst System

This article has summarized the optimized measures relating to the loading of catalyst,and the sixth operating cycle of the residue hydrotreating unit at SINOPEC's Maoming Branch Company,and made a detailed comparison on the impurities removal rate,hydrogen consumption and energy consumption of the sixth operating cycle with those achieved by the previous five cycles.Test results have revealed that the second-generation RHT series novel residue hydrotreating catalysts featured high activity,good stability,and long operating cycle and could remarkably reduce the hydrogen consumption and energy consumption of process unit.The hydrotreated AR product,having low Conradson carbon residue,low sulfur content,low metal content,high content of saturated hydrocarbons,and low content of asphaltenes and resins,is an excellent FCC feed.Judging from their overall property the second-generation RHT series of residue hydrotreating catalysts used in the sixth operating cycle have commanded a leading position among other catalysts used in previous operating cycles.

Intensification of Deep Hydrodesulfurization Through a Two-stage Combination of Monolith and Trickle Bed Reactors

Deep hydrodesulfurization （HDS） is an important process to produce high quality liquid fuels with ultra-low sul- fur. Process intensification for deep HDS could be implemented by developing new active catalysts and/or new types of reactors. In this work, the kinetics of dibenzothiophene （DBT） hydrodesulfurization over Ni-P/SBA-15/ cordierite catalyst was investigated at 340-380 ℃ and 3.0-5.0 MPa. The first-order reaction model with respect to both DBT and H2 was used to fit the kinetics data in a batch recycle operation system. It is found that both the activation energy and rate constant over the Ni-P monolithic catalyst under our operating conditions are close to those over conventionally used HDS catalysts. Comparative performance studies of two types of reactors, i.e., trickle bed reactor and monolithic reactor, were performed based on reactor modeling and simulation. The results indicate that the productivity of the monolithic reactor is 3 times higher than that of the trickle bed reactor on a catalyst weight basis since effective utilization of the catalyst is higher in the monolithic reactor, but the volumetric productivity of the monolithic reactor is lower for HDS of DBT. Based on simulation results, a two- reactor-in-series configuration for hydrodesulfurization is proposed, in which a monolithic reactor is followed by a tickled bed reactor so as to attain intensified performance of the system converting fuel oil of different sulfur-containing compounds. It is illustrated that the two reactor scheme outperforms the trickle bed reactor both on reactor volume and catalyst mass bases while the content of sulfur is reduced from 200 μg·g-1 to about 10 μ·g-1.

Hard Switching Process Optimization for Selected Transistor Suited for High Power and High Frequency Operation

This paper deals with optimization of hard switching commutation mode for high-power, high-frequency consumer applications for selected power transistor. The experimental investigation of suitable settings is outgoing from simulation analysis of hard switching for different transistor structures. For these purposes, the simulation models of power semiconductor switches with high level of validity have been used. After that, the experimental analysis for selected transistor was done with change of parameters that are influencing commutation process of transistor. Target of such kind of analysis was to reach as low switching losses as possible, achieving high power density and efficiency of power system, without utilization of improved switching techniques such as resonant switching. The results confirm that this task is realizable through use of progressive semiconductor devices such as SiC diodes and/or through latest families of MOSFET devices.

Efficient reversible CO/CO_(2) conversion in solid oxide cells with a phase-transformed fuel electrode

The reversible solid oxide cell(RSOC)is an attractive technology to mutually convert power and chemicals at elevated temperatures.However,its development has been hindered mainly due to the absence of a highly active and durable fuel electrode.Here,we report a phase-transformed CoFe-Sr_(3)Fe_(1.25)Mo_(0.75)O_(7)-δ(CoFe-SFM)fuel electrode consisting of CoFe nanoparticles and Ruddlesden-Popper-layered Sr_(3)Fe_(1.25)Mo_(0.75)O_(7)-δ(SFM)from a Sr_(2)Fe_(7/6)Mo_(0.5)Co_(1/3)O_(6)-δ(SFMCo)perovskite oxide after annealing in hydrogen and apply it to reversible CO/CO_(2)conversion in RSOC.The CoFeSFM fuel electrode shows improved catalytic activity by accelerating oxygen diffusion and surface kinetics towards the CO/CO_(2)conversion as demonstrated by the distribution of relaxation time(DRT)study and equivalent circuit model fitting analysis.Furthermore,an electrolyte-supported single cell is evaluated in the 2:1 CO-CO_(2)atmosphere at 800℃,which shows a peak power density of 259 mW cm^(-2)for CO oxidation and a current density of-0.453 A cm^(-2)at 1.3 V for CO_(2)reduction,which correspond to 3.079 and3.155 m L min-1cm^(-2)for the CO and CO_(2)conversion rates,respectively.More importantly,the reversible conversion is successfully demonstrated over 20 cyclic electrolysis and fuel cell switching test modes at 1.3 and 0.6 V.This work provides a useful guideline for designing a fuel electrode through a surface/interface exsolution process for RSOC towards efficient CO-CO_(2)reversible conversion.

A fluid-guided printing strategy for patterning high refractive index photonic microarrays

High refractive index(HRI,n>1.8)photonic structures offer strong light confinement and refractive efficiencies,cover the entire visible spectrum and can be tuned by designing geometric arrayed features.However,its practical applications are still hindered by the applicability and material limitation of lithography-based micro/nano fabrication approaches.Herein,we demonstrate a fluid-guided printing process for preparing HRI selenium microarrays.The microstructured flexible template is replicated from the diced silicon wafer without any lithography-based methods.When heated above the glass transition temperature,the flow characteristics of selenium endows the structure downsizing and orientation patterning between the target substrate and the template.Near 10 times narrowing selenium microarrays(1.9μm width)are patterned from the non-lithography template(18μm width).HRI selenium microarrays offer high refractive efficiencies and strong optical confinement abilities,which achieve angledependent structurally coloration and polarization.Meanwhile,the color difference can be recognized under the one degree distinction of the angle between incident and refracted light.This printing platform will facilitate HRI optical metasurfaces in a variety of applications,ranging from photonic sensor,polarization modulation to light manipulation.

Recent advances in all-in-one flexible supercapacitors

The rise of personalized flexible electronics has promoted the rapid development of flexible supercapacitors due to their long service life,fast charging-discharging rates and safe operation.Different from the traditional flexible supercapacitors,the all-in-one integrated flexible supercapacitors are more resistant to deformation and lower interface resistance,which have a broader application prospect in the field of flexible electronics.This review briefly summarizes the preparation methods and electrochemical properties of some typical all-in-one supercapacitors,represented by planar and fibrous structures in recent years.Firstly,the basic understanding of traditional flexible supercapacitors and all-in-one integrated flexible supercapacitors,and the key parameters of the performance of flexible supercapacitors are introduced.Subsequently,the hydrogel matrix all-in-one supercapacitors with different functional characteristics(stretchable,self-healing and compressible)and the nonhydrogel matrix(separator,flexible membrane)all-in-one supercapacitors are discussed.Furthermore,the challenges and future development of flexible supercapacitors are considered.