大学生网络成瘾性与体育成瘾性行为的比较

成瘾性是一个普遍的现象,有其独特的生理和心理机制,网络性成瘾是一种消极的心理性成瘾,对身心健康具有严重的危害性,应该加强教育和管理;体育性成瘾是一种生理和心理相结合的成瘾行为,对身心健康有积极的作用,应该得到提倡和培养。

大学生体育成瘾性行为与终身体育

成瘾是一个普遍的现象,有其独特的生理和心理机制,体育成瘾是一种生理和心理相结合的成瘾行为,积极的体育成瘾性行为,对身心健康有良好的影响,它能使人养成经常参加体育锻炼的习惯,这种行为和习惯是可以培养的。本文探讨了通过对大学生体育行为的激发培养并促使其积极性体育成瘾性行为的形成,培养起他们终身体育的意识和行为,以达到终身体育的目的,从而提高国民整体素质。

体育成瘾的社会学分析

体育成瘾在心理学、精神病学和医学领域研究较多,社会学领域研究鲜有。为更准确地分析体育成瘾,本研究运用文献资料法、比较分析法,从社会学视角用三个层面审视体育成瘾现象,以达到对体育成瘾更全方位、深层次的理解。研究认为,促进体育成瘾的宏观层面因素包括文化思想和价值观,运动成绩、成功、苗条、美丽、运动气质等社会文化价值灌输是体育成瘾的先决条件;竞技运动对运动成绩的期待,通过训练计划潜移默化地影响运动员体育成瘾行为的生成;家庭生活和体育环境是体育成瘾的重要因素;体育成为一种能够减缓自我反思的社会系统,能够帮助开发身体组织,满足自己的功利心;体育成瘾可以帮助克服其他物质性成瘾;体育作为一种舒缓心绪、调节情操、促进健康的生活方式应当被鼓励,其成瘾的潜在弊病需要相关学者审慎对待和深入研究。

媒体育成与新闻基因传承——兼论高校新闻教育改革中的创新与坚守

媒体育成作为"密苏里方法"的核心表达,在数字时代的新闻教育中仍有重要意义。以获取和传播真相为核心价值的新闻基因,不应淹没于纷繁浮躁的信息过载时代。西方新闻教育在与时俱进和价值坚守方面的取舍和平衡,特别是近年对创新呈现和深度叙事的高度重视,值得我们深思。以校内媒体的终端呈现倒逼程序教学的实用有效和与时俱进,进而通过媒体育成的全面落地,确保新闻基因的有效传承,可视为新闻教育改革中一个值得坚持和创新发展的重要环节。

章利君:钢铁是怎样炼成的

"我一直认为,事在人为,只要肯坚持,没有自己达不到的目标。"2008年5月的湖北省健身先生(小姐)锦标赛,经过紧张有序的角逐,章利君的表现赢得了评委们的一致好评,从众多选手中脱颖而出,当之无愧摘得男子B组冠军和最佳形象,并代表湖北省参加全国总决赛。人说台上三分钟台下十年功,冠军不是侥幸或偶然,多年的摸索与磨练,洒下无数的汗水和辛酸只有自己知道。

高校体育课程现状与分析

以人为本，以体为基，是高校体育教学改革的出发点。以培养会做人、会做事、做成事的人才为根本目标，大力加强实践教学环节，促进大学生健康发展。本文通过分析了目前高职院校体育教学的现状、存在的问题以及问题发生的成因，并提出了解决问题的思路和对策。

Advances in Small RNAs and Sexual Reproduction in Plants

Small RNAs are non-coding RNA molecules with 20-30 nucleotides （nt） in length that mainly play regulatory roles in gene expression at the post-transcription level by directly cutting target mRNA or inhibiting its translation. Small RNAs play regulatory roles in the growth and development process of plants at the core of gene regulatory networks, which has been widely studied and confirmed in sporophyte generation of plants. However, few researches have been conducted on small RNAs and gametophyte generation. It is reported that small RNAs play important roles in floral organ development, gametogenesis, fertilization, and early zygotic development of plants. In addition, various small RNAs also play roles in controlling genetic integrity, cell differentiation and functions during the sexual reproduction process of plants. However, most of the specific functions of small RNAs in the sexual reproduction process are unknown yet. This study mainly aimed to introduce small RNAs in plants, summarize the latest advances in researches of small RNAs and plant sexual reproduction, and make prospect on its future.

Physical activity and academic achievement in children:A historical perspective

As the focus on academic achievement has increased,physical activity(PA) opportunities in schools have decreased in the United States.In an attempt to discover how the decline in PA may affect academic achievement,researchers have been studying the effects of PA on cognition and academic achievement in children for more than 50 years.This review takes a historical perspective on the science of PA and academic achievement prior to and during the past 5 years.A total of 125 published articles were included and reviewed.Fifty-three of these articles were published in the past 5 years.In recent years,the overall quality of the studies has increased,but the results continue to be inconsistent.Many use cross-sectional designs and the methods vary substantially.The majority of conclusions show a positive effect of PA on constructs related to academic achievement.Future studies should use strong study designs to examine the types and doses of PA needed to produce improvements in academic achievement.

Sport specificity background affects the principal component structure of vertical squat jump performance of young adult female athletes

Purpose： Long-term training specificity is thought to alter performance in tests evaluating strength and power production capability. The aim of the present study was to provide additional information to the limited existing knowledge concerning the possible differences of the force/time profile of squat jumping among different groups of young female athletes. Methods： One hundred and seventy-three adult women （20.1 ± 2.8 years, 1.71 ± 0.09 m, 65.6 ± 10.3 kg, mean± SD for age, height, and mass, respectively） engaged in track and field （TF）, volleyball （VO）, handball （HA）, basketball （BA）, and physical education students （PE） executed maximal squat jumps （SQJ） on a force plate. Pearson＇s correlation was used to identify the relationship between SQJ performance, the anthropometric characteristics and the biomechanical parameters. Differences concerning the biomechanical parameters among groups were investigated with analysis of variance, while the force- （FPD） or time- （TPD） dependency of SQJ execution was examined using principal components analysis （PCA）. Results： SQJ was unrelated to body height but significantly correlated with body mass （r = -0.26, p = 0.001）. TF jumped higher and produced larger peak body power output compared to all the other groups （p 〈 0.05）. All athletes were superior to PE since they performed the SQJ with a longer （p 〈 0.05） vertical body center of mass trajectory during the propulsion phase. PCA results revealed that TF significantly differentiated than the other groups by relying on FPD. Conclusion： Various different profiles of FPD and TPD were detected due to different sporting background in young female athletes. Since TF superiority in SQJ was relied on the larger power production and a greater FPD, female indoor team sport athletes are suggested to execute jumping exercises adopting the jumping strategies utilized by TE

The effects of a daily, 6-week exergaming curriculum on balance in fourth grade children

Balance is an essential component of movement and is critical in the ability to participate in physical activity. Developing an exergaming curriculum for schools has the potential to improve balance or postural stability in children. In this study, a purposely-built exergaming center in an elementary school was used to test fourth grade students with a specially designed exergaming curriculum oriented toward improving postural stability. The program was implemented over a 6-week period, 34 min per day, 4-5 days per week. Two control groups were used： （1） a physical education （PE） class geared toward agility, balance, and coordination （ABC） improvement, and （2） a typical PE curriculum class. Exergaming students improved their postural stability significantly over a 6-week period compared to those in the typical PE class. Improvements in postural stability were also evident in the ABC class. Postural stability in the girls was better than the boys in all pre- and post-intervention tests. This study demonstrates that exergaming is a practical resource in the PE class to improve postural stability.

The effects of exercise on self-rated sleep among adults with chronic sleep complaints

Purpose： The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether and to what extent the observed effects on self-rated sleep in a previous study using a combined treatment program with physical exercise and sleep education can be attributed by the physical activity （PA） component. Methods： The present study reports supplementary analysis of an already described and published study. Data were provided by a nonclinical sample of 98 normal-active adults with chronic initiating and the maintaining of sleep complaints. The additional analysis included sleep log, exercise log, and daily pedometer data which were collected during a baseline week and 6-week of a combined intervention. Results： The results indicate that the number of steps （p -- 0.02） and the duration of PA （p = 0.01） is significantly related to the improvement in subjective sleep measures and therefore reveal an independent effect within this combined sleep program. Sleep diary data （recuperation of sleep, number of awakenings after sleep onset, and wake time after sleep onset time） improved significant （all p 〈 0.01） over the intervention program. About 50% of the participants stated that the PA had an effect on their improvement. Conclusion： Improvements on subjective sleep quality after a combined intervention cannot be attributed to the cognitive component alone, but PA has an independent effect. Adults with chronic sleep complaints benefit from exercise. Therefore structured PA should be implemented in any sleep management programs.

Research on the Reform and Development of School Sports Education under the Perspective of Lifetime Sports and Nationwide Fitness

In this paper, we conduct research on the reform and development of school sports education under the perspective of lifetime sports and nationwide fitness. School physical education is the foundation and the strategic focus of the development of sports which is the foundation of the national fitness program which is also an important part of the whole education career. Our proposed approach and reform combines the advances of the state-of-the-art methodologies which will not only enhance the current model but set up for prospect and rnnrlifieatinn as well

The Arabidopsis Spontaneous Cell Death1 gene, encoding a ζ-carotene desaturase essential for carotenoid biosynthesis, is involved in chloroplast development, photoprotection and retrograde signalling

Carotenoids, a class of natural pigments found in all photosynthetic organisms, are involved in a variety of physiological processes, including coloration, photoprotection, biosynthesis of abscisic acid （ABA） and chloroplast biogenesis. Although carotenoid biosynthesis has been well studied biochemically, the genetic basis of the pathway is not well understood. Here, we report the characterization of two allelic Arabidopsis mutants, spontaneous cell death1-1 （spcl-1） and spc1-2. The weak allele spc1-1 mutant showed characteristics of bleached leaves, accumulation of superoxide and mosaic cell death. The strong mutant allele spc1-2 caused a complete arrest of plant growth and development shortly after germination, leading to a seedling-lethal phenotype. Genetic and molecular analyses indicated that SPC1 encodes a putative ζ-carotene desaturase （ZDS） in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. Analysis of carotenoids revealed that several major carotenoid compounds downstream of SPC 1/ZDS were substantially reduced in spc1-1, suggesting that SPC 1 is a functional ZDS. Consistent with the downregulated expression of CAO and PORB, the chlorophyll content was decreased in spc1-1 plants. In addition, expression of Lhcb1. 1, Lhcbl. 4 and RbcS was absent in spc1-2, suggesting the possible involvement of carotenoids in the plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signaling. The spc1-1 mutant also displays an ABA-deficient phenotype that can be partially rescued by the externally supplied phytohormone. These results suggest that SPC1/ZDS is essential for biosynthesis of carotenoids and plays a crucial role in plant growth and development.

Operationalizing physical literacy: The potential of active video games

The core idea of physical literacy is a mind-body integrated, holistic approach to physical activity. A physically literate individual is expected to be cognitively knowledgeable, physically competent, and mentally motivated for a physically active life throughout the lifespan. The advancement of technology in recent years, especially those in active video games（AVGs）, seems to have allowed the mind-body integrated physical activity accessible to children at all ages. This article reviews findings from research and critique research on AVGs in light with the theoretical and pedagogical tenets of physical literacy and, on the basis of the review, elaborates the potential that AVGs could contribute to enhancing children＇s physical literacy.

Effective measures to study the future development of social sports

Community sports mean the workers, farmers, and other residents of the street, voluntarily participate diverse content-rich forms of mass sports activities in order to promote good health in their leisure time. Social Sports are a fundamental part of the mass sports in China, it has entirely voluntary amateur principle distinct from a high level of competitive sports, but also different from school sports and military sports with certain mandatory ingredients.

On the Status and Role of Physical Education in the Construction of Campus Culture

Physical education is an important part of campus culture construction, is the most widely used form of contact with teachers and students with most dynamic, most innovative culture. This paper analyzes the content of physical education, form, composition and structure of the campus culture, to clarify the position and role of school physical education in the construction of campus culture, so that physical education plays a greater role in the construction of campus culture.

Effects of Physical Education on Campus Culture Construction

Physical education is an important part of campus culture of the body, it has become one of the main ways for modem college students to relax, and it has a positive impact on construction of campus culture. So attention to sports participation of college students and promoting college students actively to join in sports activities has become an important part of the construction of campus culture. Universities undertake the mission to train highly qualified personnel, it should guide students to participate in various forms of physical activity related to local conditions, and we establish certain style and taste of the campus culture. This paper aims to identify the impact of college students＇ physical conditions to construction of campus culture, so as to develop and improve the main sports participation consciousness of students in sport, we hope that we can comprehensively improve the quality of university education for better college students sports activities and to create a harmonious, strong campus culture.

The Study on Improving the Health Condition through Sports

In the 1990s, China began to develop mass sports, it is committed to improving the health condition, and it will improve the sport as an important form of universal health. While national sports development, China＇ s sports begin to flourish and have achieved remarkable record. For example, in the just-concluded 2014, in the Incheon Asian Games, China has made a total score first. This shows that sports have become an important part of national development to be reckoned with. With economic development, the accelerated pace of life is by the people neglect their own physical exercise, so that declining physical fitness, health groups continues to grow. So how in the development of sports at the same time, ensure the health sciences to improve the health condition. This paper discusses this correlation.

In vitro Oocyte Maturation in the Zebrafish Brachydanio rerio and Fertilization and Development of the Mature Egg

Maturation process of zebrafish oocyte was investigated using in vitro incubation.In medium EM-199 containing 0.5 μg/ml of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone incubated under 80％ O_2 and at 25°C,germinal vesicles(GV)of oocytes in stage Ⅳ migrated from midway between the center and theperiphery ofoocytes to the periphery in 40 minutes and the oocytes went into stage V.Half an hourlater,the oocytes underwent germinel vesicle breakdown(GVBD)with a breakdown rate of 59％.Two more hours were needed for such oocytes to complete their final maturation.The mature eggscould not come off from the follicle layer surrounding them by themselves(ovulation).By removingthe follicle and adding active sperms for insemination,we could make the mature eggs fertilized.Thechorion was elevated and blastoderm formed on the animal pole.The cleavage and development ofthese fertilized eggs followed the same course as the naturally matured and fertilized eggs.Usingblastula formation as a marker of successful fertilization of the in vitro matured egg,the fertilizationrate was 78％.This is the first report on the successful in vitro incubation of mature oocytes inzebrafish.The establishment of this in vitro oocyte maturation technology has laid the foundationfor further investigation of the transfer of foreign genes in the germinal vesicles of oocytes.

On the status and role of social sports in urban development

The importance of social sports in urban development show that it makes the quality of urban residents greatly improved and becomes a strong surge of power to promote the development of economy; it makes the cultural connotations of the city more abundant and becomes the propeller of urban cultural development. And the specific roles show that it forms the group of physical and mental health in the city; it makes sports become an important part of people＇ s lives; it cultivates and enhances the citizens＇ sense of honor; it improves the urban management and enhances the image of the city.