高等学校体育的目的任务

高等学校体育是高等教育系统工程中的重要组成部分,是国民体育的基础。根据体育的本质、特点、功能和我国社会主义现代化建设对当代大学生身心发展的要求,其目的是:增强学生体质,增进学生健康,丰富文化生活,强化体育意识,培养具有创新精神和实践能力,养成自觉锻炼身体的习惯,使学生在德、智、体等方面得到全面发展,成为有理想、有道德、有文化、守纪律、体魄强健的现代化事业的建设者和接班人。为了达到高等学校体育目的,应完成下列基本任务。

中图法第5版G8体育类目修订分析

中图法第5版G8类目修订体现在新增类目、类名变化、类目注释变化等多个方面,但在类名的规范与科学性、类目的聚类与排序、体育分支学科归类、类目设置与实践发展吻合等方面仍存在不足。建议基于体育学科及体育实践发展状况对问题加以修正。

浅论《中图法》(第5版)G8体育类目结构的分析与调整

《中图法》(第5版)G8体育类目修订体现在新增类目、类名变化、类目注释变化等多个方面,但在类名的规范与科学性、类目的聚类与排序、体育分支学科归类、类目设置与实践发展吻合等方面仍存在不足,需要进一步的探讨与研究。

董守义的体育思想研究

董守义教授是我国近代体育的开拓者之一,近代体育发展的见证人。本文对董守义体育思想进行了较为全面的梳理和归纳总结,并归纳概括了其体育思想的主要特点。另外。本文还探讨了董守义体育思想对当代高校体育的启示,指出高校体育应树立科学人文主义的体育观,并以此关照高校体育的每一个环节。

Characterization and Identification of a Novel Mutant fon(t) on Floral Organ Number and Floral Organ Identity in Rice

The floral-organ-number mutant fon（t） was firstly discovered in the progeny of a cross between a diploid （Chunjiang 683） and a haploid （SARⅣ/-620-A） rice cultivar. The fon（t） mutant showed normal vegetative development and produced normal inflorescence structures. Difference between the mutant and the wild type was observed when the stamen primordia began to form. The mature flowers offon（t） mutant showed open-hull phenotypes, which resulted in the exposure of stamens and stigmas. Normally, a single fon（t） floret consisted of six to nine stamens and one or two pistils. In addition, stamen/pistil-like structures and bulged tissues near ovaries were also observed in a few fon（t） florets. But homeotic transformation of lodicules into palea/lemma-like organs was observed almost in all the open-hull florets. The phenotypes offon（t） flowers also suggested thatfon（t） gene might affect flower organ identity in the inner whorls. Genetic analysis showed that thefon（t） mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene.

High school sports programs differentially impact participation by sex

Background： Among numerous health benefits, sports participation has been shown to reduce the risk of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Schools represent an ideal environment for increasing sports participation, but it is unclear how access and choice influence participation and whether characteristics of the school sports program differentially influence boys＇ and girls＇ participation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of high school athletic programs and determine the extent to which these characteristics influenced boys＇ and girls＇ sports team participation. Methods： Longitudinal telephone surveys were conducted with 1244 New Hampshire and Vermont students. Students self-reported their sports team participation at baseline （elementary school） and follow-up （high school）. High school personnel were surveyed to assess sports oppor- tunities, which were defined for this analysis as the number of sports offered per 100 students （i.e., choice） and the percent of sports offered that did not restrict the number of players （i.e., access）. Results： Approximately 70% of children participated on at least one sports team, including 73% of boys and 66% of girls. We detected sta- tistically significant interactions between sex and two school opportunity variables： 1） the number of sports offered per 100 students （i.e., choice） and 2） the percent of sports offered that did not restrict the number of players （i.e., access）. After controlling for children＇s baseline sports participation and other covariates, boys were more likely to play on at least one sports team per year if their school did not restrict participation in the most popular sports （relative risk, RR = 1.12, p 〈 0.01）; in contrast, girls were more likely to play on at least one sports team per year if their school offered a wider variety of sports （RR = 1.47, p 〈 0.001）. Conclusion： Sports participation has previously been shown to confer a number of health benefits; as such, school sports programs may be an important, effective, and underused target for public health efforts, including obesity prevention programs. Efforts to increase physical activity among youth should consider both access and choice in school athletic programs. Schools may need to use different strategies to increase sports participation in boys and girls.

Research on the Inevitability of Soccer Teaching Reform in Colleges and the Optimization

The soccer is an extremely universal movement that has received populace’s affection, natural, the soccer teaching also entered university’s classroom that becomes in the university physical education the important constituent. Speaking of the university students, the soccer is not merely the simple sports project which may help the student more importantly to build up strength the healthy body, enriches own after school life, therefore has received the general university student’s affection, moreover the soccer also has the unique charm, it has the oneself quite obvious characteristic in the sports, for instance its grouping development, location request and so on, these all deep attraction student vision, simultaneously also have been receiving the social people from all walks of life’s widespread attention. Nowadays, in the physical education curriculum of colleges and universities, the teaching of students’ football is mainly the knowledge and skill of soccer, ignoring the cooperation between the students. This traditional teaching mode cannot adapt to the teaching reform and quality education The implementation of physical education teachers in the teaching of football has been controversial and questioned, this is all the college physical education teachers face new challenges and new problems. This paper mainly analyzes and discusses the problems existing in college football teaching, aiming at these problems puts forward the corresponding reform measures and optimization strategy, and hope to provide certain reference for the development of football teaching in colleges and universities.

The Analysis on Item-group Competition Olympic Gold Athlete＇ s Success Factor in China

Skills leading class project including the backlash against, the nets of combat. To compete against, 3 groups against the crowd at the Asian games and the Olympic Games. The gold medal up a significant portion of the distribution, fighting against sex and the nets to resistance is the advantage of China＇s competitive sports items. With modern training development, in today＇s big games is confrontational project on athletes. Fitness put forward higher request, our country adversarial program in athletes. Physically and foreign athletes, there are still some difference, need to roll out. For this, this paper, from the perspective of comparative study, tries to combat fight, the nets against, physical stamina training to compete against the comparative study. The characteristics of the dialysis physical stamina training, in order to arrange different scientific against body training and promote training methods and means to provide optimization.

Studies on the impact of the evolution of Volleyball Rules upon technology and tactics

As it developed to today, Volleyball evolved from a game for the purpose of entertainment initially to a competitive Olympic sport. Through various periods of Volleyball development, we can find that when some old rules can not adapt to the volleyball development, it will lead to changes in the rules, it is this continuous improvement and change that inject vigor to volleyball and bring vitality, and promote the innovative development of volleyball skills and tactics, in turn the constant enrichment and development of volleyball skills and tactics required the game rules constantly revised and improved, as promoted and restricted each other, analysis of the mutual relationship between volleyball game rules and technology or tactics can not only in favor of volleyball skills, like evolving tactics, but also beneficial to volleyball competition rules maturity. Development of Volleyball Rules has been the inexhaustible power to development of sports project, researching of the competition rules has been recognized as a major breakthrough in the field of sports in various projects to promote sports development. Volleyball Rules - from the generated moment until today, has evolved many times. This evolution is not blind, random; it follows its inherent rule. A contest rule, which has a close relationship with the development of sports technology, are the basic norms and principles of sports game. They promote each other, while mutually restraint. Analysis of the relationship between volleyball competition rules and the technology or tactics, is not only conducive to the development of athletic skills, but also to the maturity of competition rules.

The effects of temperature and substrate on ontogenetic behavior of bastard halibut, Paralichthys olivaceus (T. et S.)

The effects of temperature and substrate on ontogenetic patterns and settlement behavior of bastard halibut, Paralichthys olivaceus (T. et S.) were studied in a series of laboratory experiments. Analysis on stage-based data revealed that except for settlement, and compared to the substrate, the ambient temperature dominantly controlled the hatch success and subsequent development of the species. The oosperm optimum survival rate of 60% during hatching occurred at 20℃, and survival rate of 29%, at 18℃ for larval rearing. The survival rate of larvae reared under variable temperature of 3.5–4.5℃ was higher than that of those reared under stable temperature. The maximum survival rate of 29%, corresponded to variation at temperature of 4℃. With increase in age newly settled juveniles preferred to lie on the fine substrate and gradually moved on the coarse substrate. GLM (general linear model) analysis showed that the combination of temperature and substrate had no significant impact on the survival of settling larvae, but definitely affected the duration of settlement.

Development of marker Ms2 gene with a blue seed in durum and common wheat

In order to marker dominant nuclear gene Ms2 with a blue grain, a 4E disomic addition line ＇xiaoyanlanli＇（2n=44, AABBDD＋4EII） as the male parent to pollinate with male-sterile plants of durum wheat, controlled by a dominant nuclear gene Ms2, and a durum wheat line 89-2343 with Ms2 and blue seed marker on the same addition chromosome was developed. The genotype 89-2343 was crossed and backcrossed with a common wheat genotype 7739-3 to produce male fertile plants with blue seeds （MFP-BS）. To combine the blue seed marker, dwarf male-sterile plants carrying RhtlO and Ms2 were fertilized by pollen from selected MFP-BS. At last, the combination of blue seed marker, Ms2 and RhtlO was successfully produced. The segregation ratio of male sterility, seed color as well as chromosome configurations of the combinations suggested that the blue seed marker, Ms2 and RhtlO were located on the same chromosome. Cytological analysis indicated that the male sterile wheat line with a blue seed marker was 43 in chromosome number, with an additional chromosome. The transmission rate for blue seed male-sterile plants was 22.1% in common. In addition, the potential value for blue marker sterile lines in wheat breeding and hybrid production is discussed.

The View of Educational Purpose under the Infiltration of Post-modernism

Some of the characteristics of post-modernism, such as opposition centers, denial of holism, identity, differences and uncertainties, have had a great impact on the view of education. Because the purpose of education is the starting point and end-result of education, which is related to the general orientation of education development, we have to re-examine the concept of modem educational purpose in the post-modernism thought. The author holds that compared with the modem education view, the educational purpose view of the post-modem period shows the following characteristics： Maintaining the diversification and difference of individuahty, paying attention to cultivating social consciousness and critical ability, learning to understand and respect ecological harmony.

Research on the Development Trend of Contemporary Vocal Music Education System from the Curriculum Optimization Perspective

In this paper, we conduct research on the development trend of contemporary vocal music education system from the curriculum optimization perspective. In the teaching, because the students interested in learning solfeggio, decided that they have the goal of learning. Learning objectives are the prerequisites for students to generate learning motivation, but also guide the direction of student learning, which reflects the orientation of interest. In concrete teaching process, student association, because has the strong interest to the teacher positive teaching, thus establishes reaches the high-level diligently desire and goal, this will give student’s solfeggio study to bring enormous encouragement and promoter action. But teacher’s strong interest and deep love to the solfeggio teaching has decided the teacher work earnest direction diligently. Under this basis, we propose the development trend of contemporary vocal music education system with in-depth analysis.