人体上半身体表变化对软壳冲锋衣结构设计的影响

了解人体运动过程中的体表物理变化特征及其对服装结构设计的影响是科学设计软壳冲锋衣的基础。通过对6位实验志愿者在11个运动姿态下上半身体表网格线段变化情况进行测试,获得体表变化数据。分析11个运动姿态下体表网格线段的变形现象,掌握体表皮肤分区的情况。根据实验结果,分析了体表变化对软壳冲锋衣结构设计的影响,探索性地提出了依据体表皮肤形变解决软壳冲锋衣运动自由度和舒适度的结构设计研究方法。

胸部体表导纳变化与胸腔中血管导纳变化的关系

目的:探讨胸部体表导纳变化与胸腔中血管导纳变化的关系。方法:根据导纳与阻抗互为倒数的关系,导出胸部体表导纳变化公式,并用模型实验证明。结果:单根血管在胸部体表引起的导纳变化与血管本身的导纳变化和基础导纳的比值成正比,与血管的长度和胸部体表两检测电极之间的基础导纳成正比,与血管到两检测电极连线的距离成反比;多根血管在胸部体表共同引起的导纳变化等于各血管单独在胸部体表产生的导纳变化的代数和,即在电导纳图测量中导纳变化遵从标量迭加原理。结论:本文结果可为心导纳图的波形重建奠定理论基础。

胸部体表阻抗变化形成机制的初步探讨

目的探讨胸部体表阻抗变化形成的机制。方法假设胸腔为一导电均匀的容积导体,根据电阻定律、欧姆定律、恒流阻抗法的测量原理以及圆柱形容积导体的电场分布,导出胸部体表阻抗变化公式。结果从理论上解释了胸部体表阻抗变化形成的机制,得到了单根血管和多根血管在胸部体表产生的阻抗变化公式,并为模型实验所证实。结论这些结果可为心阻抗图的波形重建奠定理论基础。

上身运动对女性体表尺寸变化的影响研究

为了探讨人体上身运动对体表尺寸的影响,对5名标准体型的青年女性进行体表测量,采集被试者在7个常用动作下的体表数据,并从人体体表整体尺寸和局部尺寸两个角度出发,探究人体运动下体表尺寸的变化情况,研究所得结果可为服装的松量设计和面料选择提供参考依据。

肠易激综合症中医证型体表肠电图变化及临床意义

目的:观察肠易激综合症中医证型在体表肠电图的变化及临床意义。方法:将60例我科门诊及住院患者,其中肝脾不调型38例(63.33%),肠胃气滞型22例(36.67%),应用肠电图进行体表观察。结果:肝脾不调型的肠电图符合相对高频率波、幅值符合相对高幅值、节率紊乱系数高度紊乱;肠胃气滞型的肠电图符合相对低频率波、幅值符合相对低幅值、节率紊乱系数轻度紊乱。结论:通过以上分析:认为肠电参数在一定程度上反应了中医脾胃肝的变化。肠电图的频率、幅值、节率紊乱系数参数也可为IBS的中医证型提供客观指标,对临床有一定的指导意义。

基于智能优化的动态人体特征部位尺寸预测

为准确预测人体在运动状态下关键部位尺寸的变化范围,以提高服装精细化设计及智能化定制水平,采集97名18~25周岁在校青年女性特定运动动作的20项特征数据,在对人体体型进行分类的基础上,通过智能分析得出不同体型之间的差异特征。进而选择7种运动姿态下11项尺寸变化数据,结合人体体型特征,建立PSO-LSTM-MC神经网络人体尺寸预测模型,并通过粒子群算法对神经网络的关键参数进行优化,采用马尔科夫残差序列对PSO-LSTM的预测结果进行修正。通过实验对比得出在同等条件下较传统的PSO-BP、LSTM、PSO-LSTM模型预测精度得到有效提高。

基于形态分析的男性户外登山服结构设计

为了优化登山服结构,首先参考登山动作,结合人体五大关节的运动特点,确定了20种实验姿势。基于人体工效学理论,进行体表尺寸变化实验,获得各实验姿势下关键部位的皮肤变化特点及形变率。其次利用专家估测法对实验姿势进行权重分析,计算各姿势影响下关键部位的加权体表形变率。最后分析体表形变对登山服松量、制版参数、款式及面料设计的影响,绘制优化的175/95A男性H型登山服样板,进行成衣制作与试穿。文章提出了一种将体表形变数据运用于登山服结构设计的方法,以提高其动态舒适性和自由度。

Study on the Developmental Changes of Muscular GHR mRNA Expression in Sheep

[ Objective] The study aimed to explore the expression of muscular growth hormone receptor gene （GHR） in sheep at the early stage of growth and development. [Method] The GHR mRNA expression levels in longissimus dorsal muscles of male Kazak sheep and Xinjiang fine wool sheep with different ages were quantitatively analyzed by real time PCR. [ Result] Sheep GHR mRNA expression level in longissimus dorsal muscle increased firstly followed by decline, and then kept steady until the end of the experiment, with the expression peak appearing on postnatal day 30. The GHR mRNA expression level of Kazak sheep was extremely lower than that of Xingjiang fine wool sheep from 2 to 90 days old （ P 〈0.01 ）. E Conclusionl Both age and breed had great effects on the expression of muscular GHR gene in sheep.

Vertical Crustal Displacements Due to Surface Fluid Changes

Using the model data for surface mass changes of the atmosphere, ocean, soil moisture and snow depth, the vertical crustal displacements of 25 ficual stations in China were calculated according to the loading theory. From the spectral analysis of the results, we can see that the periods of displacements are 12 months and the semi-periods are 6 months. The results also show that the maximum seasonal displacements can reach 20 mm and even larger. The covariance analyses and significance tests show that the coefficients of 96 percent of the stations are significant at the 0.1 significance level. The results show that one of the reasons of the vertical crustal displacements is the changing surface fluid loads.

Functional morphology of the olfactory organ of the tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis

The morphology and structure of the olfactory organ of Cynoglossus semilaevis Gunther are described. The oval olfactory sacs on both sides differ in size and in the number of lamellae, With those on the abocular side having smaller sacs and fewer lamellae than those on the ocular side. On the ocular side, the average ratio of sac length to eye diameter is 2.1 （i.e.〉1） with an average of 91 lamellae, while on the abocular side, the values were 1.7 （i.e.〉1） and 69, respectively. In addition, the surface morphology varies in different parts of the lamella. The frontal part, near the anterior nostril, is a non-sensory margin with cilia-free epidermal cells. Within this is an internal ciliated sensory area, which is intercalated with ciliated receptor cells and a few ciliated non-sensory cells. Additionally, some dense ciliated non-sensory cells make up a non-sensory area, which also contains cilia-free epidermal cells distributed in patches. In the rear of the olfactory sac near the posterior nostril, the lamellae differ in morphology from those of the frontal olfactory sac but are similar in having few ciliated receptor cells. In other words, the surface of the lamellae in the rear part of the olfactory sac is mainly non-sensory. At present, four types of lamellae （~ E IlIand IV） have been recognized in relation to the pattern of the sensory epithelium. In this study, the frontal and rear lamellae resembled types I and IV, respectively, but are referred to as types r and IV because they are slightly less developed. Data on the ratio of length of lamellae to eye diameter, number of lamellae and the type of surface pattern of the lamellae show that the development of the olfactory system of C. semilaevis facilitates prey capture.

Characterization and Expression Profiling of Genes Encoding the Gibberellin 3-oxidase in Dasypyrum villosum Dwarf Mutant

Gibberellin 3-oxidase catalyzes the conversion of inactive gibberellin(GA) species into GAs with biological activity and it is subjected to strict developmental controls in the life cycle of a plant. In this study, 33 gene sequences, encoding the gibberellin 3-oxidase(GA3ox) from Dasypyrum villosum and its dwarf mutant, were obtained. Each contained a 1 107 bp coding sequence(CDS) that encoded a putative protein containing 369 amino acids. The GA3ox protein showed 77% to 97% homology and shared the major conserved structural domains of GA3ox proteins with rice, sorghum bicolor, oat, barley, and wheat. Sequence alignment showed that there were 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) and 22 Insertion/deletions(In Dels) among these sequences, which could be divided into 2 haplotypes, haplotypes Ⅰ and Ⅱ. Haplotype Ⅰ was found in the wild type and was1 495 bp in length, and haplotype Ⅱ was found in the dwarf mutant and was 1 485 bp in length. The Q-PCR results showed that GA3ox was expressed in the leaves, roots, internodes, and stem nodes, and that there was a significant difference in the transcript level of the GA3ox between the wild type and dwarf mutant. The transcript levels of GA3ox in the leaves at the seedling stage, stem elongation stage and the heading stage, in the root and stem nodes at the stem elongation stage and in the internodes at the heading stage of the wild type, were significantly higher than those in the dwarf mutant. However, GA3ox expression in the rest of the wild type tissues at the 3 stages was slightly higher than or not different from the dwarf mutant.The results suggested that the wild type and mutant allele sequences of GA3ox in D. villosum showed 2 amino acid changes in exons and variations in the lengths of introns or the SNPs in introns, which most probably impaired the function of the enzyme,affected the GA3ox expression level, and eventually gave rise to dwarfing.

Overexpression of a dominant-negative mutant of SIRT1 in mouse heart causes cardiomyocyte apoptosis and early-onset heart failure

SIRT1,a mammalian ortholog of yeast silent information regulator 2(Sir2),is an NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase that plays a critical role in the regulation of vascular function.The current study aims to investigate the functional significance of deacetylase activity of SIRT1 in heart.Here we show that the early postnatal hearts expressed the highest level of SIRT1deacetylase activity compared to adult and aged hearts.We generated transgenic mice with cardiac-specific expression of a dominant-negative form of the human SIRT1(SIRT1H363Y),which represses endogenous SIRT1 activity.The transgenic mice displayed dilated atrial and ventricular chambers,and died early in the postnatal period.Pathological,echocardiographic and molecular phenotype confirmed the presence of dilated cardiomyopathy.Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end-labeling analysis revealed a greater abundance of apoptotic nuclei in the hearts of transgenic mice.Furthermore,we show that cardiomyocyte apoptosis caused by suppression of SIRT1 activity is,at least in part,due to increased p53acetylation and upregulated Bax expression.These results indicate that dominant negative form of SIRT1(SIRT1H363Y)overexpression in mouse hearts causes cardiomyocyte apoptosis and early-onset heart failure,suggesting a critical role of SIRT1 in preserving normal cardiac development during the early postnatal period.