A gas-liquid mass transfer model based on an unsteady state film mechanism applied to a single bubble is presented. The mathematical model was solved using Laplace transform to obtain an analytical solution of concent...A gas-liquid mass transfer model based on an unsteady state film mechanism applied to a single bubble is presented. The mathematical model was solved using Laplace transform to obtain an analytical solution of concentration profile in terms of the radial position r and time t. The dynamic mass transfer flux was deduced and the influence of the bubble size was also determined. A mathematical method for deducing the average mass transfer flux directly from the Laplace transformed concentration is presented. Its accuracy is verified by comparing the numerical results with those from the indirect method. The influences of the model parameters, namely, the bubble size R, liquid film thickness δ, and the surface renewal constant s on the average mass transfer flux were investigated. The proposed model is useful for a better understanding of the mass transfer mechanism and an optimum design of gas-liquid contact equipment.展开更多
AIM: To investigate an association between N -acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2 )-haplotypes/diplotypes and adverse effects in Japanese pulmonary tuberculosis patients. METHODS: We studied 100 patients with pulmonary TB treat...AIM: To investigate an association between N -acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2 )-haplotypes/diplotypes and adverse effects in Japanese pulmonary tuberculosis patients. METHODS: We studied 100 patients with pulmonary TB treated with anti-TB drugs including INH. The frequencies and distributions of single nucleotide polymorphisms, haplotypes, and diplotypes of NAT2 were determined by the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method, and the results were compared between TB patients with and without adverse effect, using multivariate logistic regression analysis.RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed that the frequency of a variant haplotype, NAT2*6A , was signifi cantly increased in TB patients with hepatotoxicity, compared with those without hepatotoxicity [P = 0.001, odds ratio (OR) = 3.535]. By contrast, the frequency of a wild-type (major) haplotype, "NAT2*4", was signif icantly lower in TB patients with hepatotoxicity than those without hepatotoxicity (P < 0.001, OR = 0.265). There was no association between NAT2-haplotypes and skin rash or eosinophilia. CONCLUSION: The present study shows that NAT2 is one of the determinants of anti-TB drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Moreover, the haplotypes, NAT2*4 and NAT2*6A, are useful new biomarkers for predicting anti- TB drug-induced hepatotoxicity.展开更多
Objective To observe the efficiency and time course of gene expression and the safety of adenoviral vector mediated gene transfer in vivo.Methods After soaking soluble stents in a high concentration of glucose solut...Objective To observe the efficiency and time course of gene expression and the safety of adenoviral vector mediated gene transfer in vivo.Methods After soaking soluble stents in a high concentration of glucose solution containing Adv5-CMV (cytomegalovirus) (control group) or Adv5-CMV/LacZ (treatment group) for 30 minutes, the stents were inserted into the lumina of cut rat carotid arteries and end-to-end anastomoses of the cut carotid were performed with standard microvascular surgical techniques. On days 2, 7, 14, 28, 60 and 90 after gene transfer, anastomotic arteries of the two groups were observed. On days 7 and 14, the ascending aortas, hearts, brains, livers, lungs, spleens and kidneys of the treatment group were observed. All samples were analyzed for the presence of β-galactosidase activity and histochemical staining.Results β-galactosidase activity was not detected in the carotid arteries of the control group and organs not directly exposed to adenoviral vector of the treatment group. The amount of β-galactosidase activity (×10-3?U/g tissue) in the treatment group on the 2nd, 7th, 14th, 28th, 60th and 90th day after gene transfer was 3.87, 11.38, 9.8, 6.43, 3.18 and 2.43, respectively. Microscopic examination of sections from vessels of the control group and from the aortas, hearts, brains, livers, lungs, spleens or kidneys of the treatment group revealed no X-gal staining. Microscopic examination of carotid arteries of the treatment group revealed blue-staining in all anastomotic arteries and in all layers of the arterial wall observed on days 7 and 14 after gene transfer.Conclusion Adenoviral vector can effectively infect blood vessels in vivo. After adenoviral vector mediated direct gene transfer into anastomotic rat carotid arteries, recombinant gene expression began on day 2, peaked between days 7 and 14, prominently declined after day 28, and persisted at low levels more than three months. A recombinant gene could be delivered to a specific site by direct gene transfer in vivo by adenoviral vector infection.展开更多
The inclusion membrane proteins play potentially important roles in chlamydial biology and pathogenesis.Here we localized and characterized the hypothetical protein CT440 in Chlamydia trachomatis-infected cells.The op...The inclusion membrane proteins play potentially important roles in chlamydial biology and pathogenesis.Here we localized and characterized the hypothetical protein CT440 in Chlamydia trachomatis-infected cells.The open reading frame(ORF) encoding the CT440 protein from the C.trachomatis serovar D genome was cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-6p and expressed as a glutathione-S-transferase(GST) fusion protein in E.coli XL1-Blue.The CT440 fusion protein was used to immunize mice to raise antigen-specific antibody.After verification by Western blot and immunofluorescence assay(IFA),the specific antibody was used to localize the endogenous CT440 protein and to detect its expression pattern in Chlamydia-infected cells.Cytosolic expression of CT440 in HeLa cells was also carried out to evaluate the effect of the CT440 protein on the subsequent chlamydial infection.The results showed that the hypothetical protein CT440 was localized in the C.trachomatis inclusion membrane,and was detectable 12 h after chlamydial infection.Expression of CT440 in the cytoplasm did not inhibit the subsequent chlamydial infection.In summary,we have identified a new inclusion membrane protein that may be an important candidate for understanding C.trachomatis pathogenesis.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Science Foundation of China (No. 20276035) and the SINOPEC Fundamental Research Foundation (No.X500021).
文摘A gas-liquid mass transfer model based on an unsteady state film mechanism applied to a single bubble is presented. The mathematical model was solved using Laplace transform to obtain an analytical solution of concentration profile in terms of the radial position r and time t. The dynamic mass transfer flux was deduced and the influence of the bubble size was also determined. A mathematical method for deducing the average mass transfer flux directly from the Laplace transformed concentration is presented. Its accuracy is verified by comparing the numerical results with those from the indirect method. The influences of the model parameters, namely, the bubble size R, liquid film thickness δ, and the surface renewal constant s on the average mass transfer flux were investigated. The proposed model is useful for a better understanding of the mass transfer mechanism and an optimum design of gas-liquid contact equipment.
基金by Grant-in-Aid for Scientif ic Research (Category B, No. 18390168) for K Tsukamoto by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
文摘AIM: To investigate an association between N -acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2 )-haplotypes/diplotypes and adverse effects in Japanese pulmonary tuberculosis patients. METHODS: We studied 100 patients with pulmonary TB treated with anti-TB drugs including INH. The frequencies and distributions of single nucleotide polymorphisms, haplotypes, and diplotypes of NAT2 were determined by the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method, and the results were compared between TB patients with and without adverse effect, using multivariate logistic regression analysis.RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed that the frequency of a variant haplotype, NAT2*6A , was signifi cantly increased in TB patients with hepatotoxicity, compared with those without hepatotoxicity [P = 0.001, odds ratio (OR) = 3.535]. By contrast, the frequency of a wild-type (major) haplotype, "NAT2*4", was signif icantly lower in TB patients with hepatotoxicity than those without hepatotoxicity (P < 0.001, OR = 0.265). There was no association between NAT2-haplotypes and skin rash or eosinophilia. CONCLUSION: The present study shows that NAT2 is one of the determinants of anti-TB drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Moreover, the haplotypes, NAT2*4 and NAT2*6A, are useful new biomarkers for predicting anti- TB drug-induced hepatotoxicity.
文摘Objective To observe the efficiency and time course of gene expression and the safety of adenoviral vector mediated gene transfer in vivo.Methods After soaking soluble stents in a high concentration of glucose solution containing Adv5-CMV (cytomegalovirus) (control group) or Adv5-CMV/LacZ (treatment group) for 30 minutes, the stents were inserted into the lumina of cut rat carotid arteries and end-to-end anastomoses of the cut carotid were performed with standard microvascular surgical techniques. On days 2, 7, 14, 28, 60 and 90 after gene transfer, anastomotic arteries of the two groups were observed. On days 7 and 14, the ascending aortas, hearts, brains, livers, lungs, spleens and kidneys of the treatment group were observed. All samples were analyzed for the presence of β-galactosidase activity and histochemical staining.Results β-galactosidase activity was not detected in the carotid arteries of the control group and organs not directly exposed to adenoviral vector of the treatment group. The amount of β-galactosidase activity (×10-3?U/g tissue) in the treatment group on the 2nd, 7th, 14th, 28th, 60th and 90th day after gene transfer was 3.87, 11.38, 9.8, 6.43, 3.18 and 2.43, respectively. Microscopic examination of sections from vessels of the control group and from the aortas, hearts, brains, livers, lungs, spleens or kidneys of the treatment group revealed no X-gal staining. Microscopic examination of carotid arteries of the treatment group revealed blue-staining in all anastomotic arteries and in all layers of the arterial wall observed on days 7 and 14 after gene transfer.Conclusion Adenoviral vector can effectively infect blood vessels in vivo. After adenoviral vector mediated direct gene transfer into anastomotic rat carotid arteries, recombinant gene expression began on day 2, peaked between days 7 and 14, prominently declined after day 28, and persisted at low levels more than three months. A recombinant gene could be delivered to a specific site by direct gene transfer in vivo by adenoviral vector infection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 30970165 and 81102230)the Hunan Provincial Natu-ral Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 09JJ3059)the Team Project for the Technology Innovation of Higher Education of Hunan Province,China
文摘The inclusion membrane proteins play potentially important roles in chlamydial biology and pathogenesis.Here we localized and characterized the hypothetical protein CT440 in Chlamydia trachomatis-infected cells.The open reading frame(ORF) encoding the CT440 protein from the C.trachomatis serovar D genome was cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-6p and expressed as a glutathione-S-transferase(GST) fusion protein in E.coli XL1-Blue.The CT440 fusion protein was used to immunize mice to raise antigen-specific antibody.After verification by Western blot and immunofluorescence assay(IFA),the specific antibody was used to localize the endogenous CT440 protein and to detect its expression pattern in Chlamydia-infected cells.Cytosolic expression of CT440 in HeLa cells was also carried out to evaluate the effect of the CT440 protein on the subsequent chlamydial infection.The results showed that the hypothetical protein CT440 was localized in the C.trachomatis inclusion membrane,and was detectable 12 h after chlamydial infection.Expression of CT440 in the cytoplasm did not inhibit the subsequent chlamydial infection.In summary,we have identified a new inclusion membrane protein that may be an important candidate for understanding C.trachomatis pathogenesis.
