中国英语专业学生英语书面语中语体正式性的发展及其与写作得分的关系

国内关于中国英语学习者写作现状以静态的研究为主。作为纵贯研究，本研究以发展的眼光看待国内英语专业学生的写作，对来自4所不同高校的共100名英语专业学生的专业英语四级测试作文和八级测试作文进行语体正式性的比较研究，并探讨语体正式性与写作质量的关系。结果发现，1）专业英语八级测试作文同四级测试作文相比，语体的正式性有统计意义上的显著提高，具体表现在词汇丰富性的提高以及读者／作者显现度的降低；2）语体正式度与写作得分有显著的正相关关系，具体表现在与词汇的丰富性成正比关系，而与读者／作者显现度成反比关系，且这两个关系具有统计重要性。

浅析中国画的体悟性表现语言

现代中国画具有的个性化特怔与独创性 ,应建立在生活实感基础上 ,随时代而变 ,通过画家心灵的体验感悟创造新的表现语言。

类比在实用性语体中的应用研究

类比是一种特殊的比喻,它是把具有两个或多个特点相似、义理相通的事物并列在一起,进行平列比较,相互参照,阐明事理。类比的特征及其扩展性,使它广泛地应用于新词的构成和科技、广告等实用性语体的使用中。

批评性话语分析:理论与方法

批评性话语分析已有 30年的发展历史。其基本理论渊源是西方马克思主义 ,宗旨是揭露不平等的权力关系 ,其主要方法有 :系统功能语法分析、语篇体裁交织性分析和话语历史背景分析。这三种方法各有侧重 ,互为补充 ,它们使批评性话语分析成为传统的社会和文化分析的重要补充 ,使其变为一种社会行动 。

生态语言学视阈下药品广告话语分析

生态语言学强调语言与环境的相互作用,认为语言构建受到语言使用环境的影响,同时语言通过影响人类言行影响着自然环境和社会环境。广告作为一种日常生活中随处可见的宣传手段,也在影响着人类思考方式和行为方式,广告深层含义更反应了人类的生态观和生态理念。从生态语言学的视角以话语生态伦理为基础对药品广告话语进行了研究,研究主要包括能体现语言生态伦理的语义要素适宜性的四方面,即语境要素、传媒要素,方式和功能类型。通过对语体要素适宜性的话语分析,报告了现今国内药品广告虽大致处于话语生态伦理的可接受范围内,但存在一定的生态位缺位、错位等现象,从该角度看广告话语的语体适应性程度并不高,体现出广告话语里的生态意识仍有改进的需要的现状。

Web services selection based on semantic similarity

Services discovery based on syntactic matching cannot adapt to the open and dynamic environment of the web. To select the proper one from the web services candidate set provided by syntactic matching, a service selection method based on semantic similarity is proposed. First, this method defines a web services ontology including QoS and context as semantic supporting, which also provides a set of terms to describe the interfaces of web services. Secondly, the similarity degree of two web services is evaluated by computing the semantic distances of those terms used to describe interfaces. Compared with existing methods, interfaces of web services can be interpreted under ontology, because it provides a formal and semantic specification of conceptualization. Meanwhile, efficiency and accuracy of services selection are improved.

Study on association rules mining based on semantic relativity

An association rules mining method based on semantic relativity is proposed to solve the problem that there are more candidate item sets and higher time complexity in traditional association rules mining.Semantic relativity of ontology concepts is used to describe complicated relationships of domains in the method.Candidate item sets with less semantic relativity are filtered to reduce the number of candidate item sets in association rules mining.An ontology hierarchy relationship is regarded as a directed acyclic graph rather than a hierarchy tree in the semantic relativity computation.Not only direct hierarchy relationships,but also non-direct hierarchy relationships and other typical semantic relationships are taken into account.Experimental results show that the proposed method can reduce the number of candidate item sets effectively and improve the efficiency of association rules mining.

Women＇s speech in variation studies

It is demonstrated by sociolinguistic variation studies that women are more likely than men to use standard speech. This paper reviews the operational methods and analytical means of classic quantitative studies in this field, intending to provide guidance and enlightenment for relevant studies and verifications in the context of Chinese culture.

A study of reporters as functional entity in news fuzzy language

Fuzziness, as intrinsic property of natural language, appears to be an extremely pervasive phenomenon in language communication with no exception of news reporting. To some extent, the usage of a great number of fuzzy expressions in news reporting reflects the property of reporter as functional entity. On different occasions, reporters, when reporting news, may play such three kinds of roles as the first information source, the second information source or the virtual interpreter. The different roles-playing determines the pragmatic intention of fuzzy language in news reporting.

Multi-broker architecture for large-scale dynamic heterogeneous information integration

In order to realize interoperability to a large number of autonomous and heterogeneous information sources with high efficiency, an agent-based multi-broker architecture （AMA）-HustEven, is constructed. A group of broker agents are designed to provide brokering services in a peer-to-peer （P2P） manner for the non- broker agents （user agents, resource agents, query agents）. Thus, the scalability and robustness of the system are enhanced. Ontology is also used by the broker agents for facilitating interoperability among all the agents in HustEven. Unlike any other AMAs, an interdomain ontology is built in this system to represent the relationships among the common concepts in the innerdomain ontologies. Therefore, a broker forwards the queries only to the other related brokers according to the interdomain ontology and the communication overhead among the brokers is reduced. Obviously, the application of the interdomain ontology enables a broker to fully take advantage of the multi-broker architecture. The experimental results show that the HustEven performs more efficiently than any other existing systems.

Orthographic,Semantic,and Contextual Influences on Initial Processing and Learning of Novel Words During Reading:Evidence From Eye Movements

This study investigates how orthographic,semantic and contextual variables—including word length,concreteness,and contextual support—impact on the processing and learning of new words in a second language(L2)when first encountered during reading.Students learning English as a foreign language(EFL)were recruited to read sentences for comprehension,embedded with unfamiliar L2 words that occurred once.Immediately after this,they received a form recognition test,a meaning recall test,and a meaning recognition test.Eye-movement data showed significant effects of word length on both early and late processing of novel words,along with effects of concreteness only on late-processing eye-tracking measures.Informative contexts were read slower than neutral contexts,yet contextual support did not show any direct influence on the processing of novel words.Interestingly,initial learning of abstract words was better than concrete words in terms of form and meaning recognition.Attentional processing of novel L2 words,operationalized by total reading time,positively predicted L2 learners’recognition of new orthographic forms.Taken together,these results suggest:1)orthographic,semantic and contextual factors play distinct roles for initial processing and learning of novel words;2)online processing of novel words contributes to L2 learners’initial knowledge of unfamiliar lexical items acquired from reading.

SECCL-based research on prefabricated chunks in achieving oral English fluency

Fluency on oral English has always been the goal of Chinese English learners. Language corpuses offer great convenience to language researches. Prefabricated chunks are a great help for learners to achieve oral English fluency. With the help of computer software, chunks in SECCL are categorized. The conclusion is in the process of chunks acquiring, emphasis should be on content-related chunks, especially specific topic-related ones. One effective way to gain topic-related chunks is to build topic-related English corpus of native speakers.

Situated Cognition Theory and English Teaching under the Background of New Curriculum

Contextual Cognitive Theory （CCT） is the latest teaching and learning theory in west countries, which reveals the nature of knowledge in a new perspective as well as the conditions of meaningful learning. The concept based on CCT corresponds to the principles proposed by the new curriculum standard for English. Therefore, it has great implications for the reform of English teaching in the classroom. In this paper, the author gives a brief account of the main points of CCT, and then, she discusses its pedagogical implications for the construction of new teaching strategies in the classroom through designing and analyzing teaching cases.

Interdiscursivity and Promotional Discourse:A Corpus-Assisted Genre Analysis of About Us Texts on Chinese University Websites

The debate on the marketization of discourse in higher education has sparked and sustained interest among researchers in discourse and education studies across a diversity of contexts.While most research in this line has focused on marketized discourses such as advertisements,little attention has been paid to promotional discourse in public institutions such as the About us texts on Chinese university websites.The goal of the present study is twofold:first,to describe the generic features of the university About us texts in China;and second,to analyze how promotional discourse is interdiscursively incorporated in the discourse by referring to the broader sociopolitical context.Findings have indicated five main moves:giving an overview,stressing historical status,displaying strengths,pledging political and ideological allegiance,and communicating goals and visions.Move 3,displaying strengths,has the greatest amount of information and can be further divided into six sub-moves which presents information on campus facilities,faculty team,talent cultivation,disciplinary fields construction,academic research,and international exchange.The main linguistic and rhetorical strategies used in these moves are analyzed and discussed.

Teacher＇s role in teaching English for Medical Purposes （EMP）

This paper has addressed key notions about ESP and examined issues in ESP curriculum design. The content of the paper was determined by a need identified based on author＇s professional experience as an EMP instructor designing and delivering the content-based language lessons--language preparation for Doctoral Degree Applicants in medicine. The author believes that in English class teachers should adopt a student-centered approach, have some knowledge of the special subjects and choose appropriate materials that fit all medical students. This approach has achieved satisfactory result in helping students know about the latest breakthroughs in biomedical fields, communicate with colleagues of other countries and contribute to foreign medical journals.

Linguistic Dimensions of Accentedness,Comprehensibility and Intelligibility:Exploring Listener Effects in American,Moroccan,Turkmen and Chinese Varieties of English

The present study examines accentedness, comprehensibility, and intelligibility of American English, Moroccan English, Turkmen English, and Chinese English, from the perspectives of three groups of listeners: native speakers of English and Chinese speakers of English with or without international experiences. Of the 145 listeners, 38 had face-to-face interviews. These listener groups were asked to listen to the recordings of the four English varieties and fill in a cloze test.Results indicated that the three listener groups differed significantly in rating comprehensibility of American English, Moroccan English and Chinese English but they did not give Turkmen English statistically different ratings;there were no significant differences in accentedness ratings except for Chinese English;and there were significant differences in the intelligibility scores of the four English varieties. In addition, with respect to seven linguistic variables-speed, clarity, intonation,smoothness and fluency, vocal intensity, pause, vocabulary and grammar, there were significant differences in three listener groups’ rating of six variables in American English except the one of“speed”. By contrast, Chinese English received significantly different ratings only in “proper speed”. No differences were found in the ratings for Moroccan English and Turkmen English.Finally, unlike Chinese listeners without international experiences, native listeners and Chinese listeners with international experiences shared some similarities in correlations between the ratings of accentedness and comprehensibility and those of linguistic variables on Moroccan English,Turkmen English, and Chinese English. However, the results for American English from Chinese listeners without international experiences and native listeners seemed to be more alike. Linguistic variables correlating with accentedness and comprehensibility of American English showed a mixed profile. Qualitative data provided more variant elaborations on the pronunciations and language uses of the speakers.

Revision of stratified OWL ontologiesbased on integer linear programming

To revise stratified web ontology language(OWL)ontologies,the kernel revision operator is extended by defining novel conflict stratification and the incision function based on integer linear programming(ILP).The ILP-based model considers an optimization problem of minimizing a linear objective function which is suitable for selecting the minimal number of axioms to remove when revising ontologies.Based on the incision function,a revision algorithm is proposed to apply ILP to all minimal incoherence-preserving subsets(MIPS).Although this algorithm can often find a minimal number of axioms to remove,it is very time-consuming to compute MIPS.Thus,an adapted revision algorithm to deal with unsatisfiable concepts individually is also given.Experimental results reveal that the proposed ILP-based revision algorithm is much more efficient than the commonly used algorithm based on the hitting set tree.In addition,the adapted algorithm can achieve higher efficiency,while it may delete more axioms.

The Significance of Image Schema in Embodied Cognition

As a recurring pattern of sensory-motor-affective experience, image schema is not only a concept discussed in linguistics and psychology, but also a significant one in the study of embodied cognition. Through analyzing the features of image schema considered by the authors as embodiment, recessiveness, sedimentation, logicality, scientificity, and dependency to cognitive metaphors and reviewing the definition of embodied cognition, the paper argues that image schema is an integration of bodily property and mental property, and accordingly a core and inseparable concept of embodied cognition by bridging body and mind. Image schema can help to explain how abstraction and inference generate from body-environment interactions, thus making the theory of embodied cognition more persuasive and reliable.

Heidegger on Discourse and Idle Talk

The present article focuses on Heidegger＇s productive appropriation of Aristotle＇s rhetoric. It pays special attention to the lectures of 1924, Basic Concepts of.4ristotelian Philosophy, and its later influence on the phenomenon of idle talk exposed in Being and Time. First, a brief overview is given of Heidegger＇s early rediscovery of Aristotle＇s political and practical writings. Second, special attention is given to his ontological reading of Aristotle＇s practical and political writings, focusing on the sphere of communicability and publicness inherent to opinions. And third, the paper describes the positive and negative aspects related to the phenomenon of idle talk sketched out in Being and Time, a phenomenon which condensates a good portion of his early interpretations of Aristotelian rhetoric.

The Oral Language as the Primary Medium Among Men

Nowadays, language has gained great importance due to mass media which allows men to interact with other people anytime and anywhere. Some issues arise： Do media change the way we communicate？ Are there any means in particular that can help people to communicate better？ This paper finds the route for individuals to communicate better, understand each other, and promote values of both our society and culture demand. Three main issues are presented to reach this goal： Firstly, the platonic theory about names, if things are called by convention or by its nature. Secondly, three methods by which these names are used： the grammar, the rhetoric, and the dialectics. Lastly, how orality is a fundamental means for human communication. Each of these subjects will become arguments to support that dialogue is the most suitable and human way for men to communicate, because it gives the necessary tools to man to build himself according to his nature, that is to say, the search for the good and the rational perfection.