初级读本 巅峰之作——简评《体育、体适能及竞技入门》

推荐塞登托普.达里文的再版8次巨作——《体育、体适能及竞技入门》。从历史政治的角度窥视美国体育从萌芽到强大,运动项目舶来品居多到创新领先于世界,反思其背后的力量,为我国的体育发展提供借鉴。针对国内目前对经典体育读物的缺乏给予引导,紧密链接世界体育发展主流,深刻阐释三大主题领域。提出若干改进思路,以求得该专业在国内更加健康有序的发展。

Mitochondrial redox metabolism in aging:Effect of exercise interventions

Mitochondrial redox metabolism has long been recognized as being central to the effects of aging and the development of age-related pathologies in the major oxidative organs. Consistent evidence has shown that exercise is able to retard the onset and impede the progression of aging by modifying mitochondrial oxidant--antioxidant homeostasis. Here we provide a broad overview of the research evidence showing the relationship between mitochondrial redox metabolism, aging and exercise. We address part aspects of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species （ROS） metabolism, from superoxide production to ROS detoxification, especially antioxidant enzymes and uncoupling protein. Furthermore, we describe mitochondrial remodeling response to aging and exercise, which is accompanied by bioenergetics and redox regulation. In addition, potential mechanisms for redox signaling involved in mitochondrial remodeling and redox metabolism regulation are also reviewed.

Commentary on:“Assessing proprioception:A critical review of methods”by Han et al.

In recent years,the assessment of proprioceptive function has received increased attention in clinical and motor skill research.This is not surprising given the growing body of scientific evidence on the importance of proprioceptive information for controlling nearly all facets of human movement;from standing to performing highly skilled movement patterns

Kinetic Behaviors of a Competitive Population and Fitness System in Exchange-Driven Growth

We proposed an aggregation model of two species aggregates of fitness and population to study the interaction between the two species in their exchange-driven processes of the same species by introducing the monomer birth of fitness catalyzed by the population, where the fitness aggregates perform self-death process and the population aggregates perform self-birth process. The kinetic behaviors of the aggregate size distributions of the fitness and population were analyzed by the rate equation approach with their exchange rate kernel K1（k,j） = K1kj and K2（k,j） = K2kj, the fitness aggregate＇s self-death rate kernel J1 （ k ） = J1 k, population aggregate＇s self-birth rate kernel J2（ k ） = J2k and population-catalyzed fitness birth rate kernel I（k,j） = Ikj＇. The kinetic behavior of the fitness was found depending crucially on the parameter v, which reflects the dependence of the population-catalyzed fitness birth rate on the size of the catalyst （population） aggregate. （i） In the v ≤ 0 case, the effect of catalyzed-birth of fitness is rather weak and the exchange-driven aggregation and self-death of the fitness dominate the process, and the fitness aggregate size distribution αk（t） does not have scale form. （ii） When v ≥0, the effect of the population-catalyzed birth of fitness gets strong enough, and the catalyzed-birth and self-death of the fitness aggregates, together with the self-birth of the population aggregates dominate the evolution process of the fitness aggregates. The aggregate size distribution αk （t） approaches a generalized scaling form.

The role of physical activity and exercise in obesity and weight management: Time for critical appraisal

The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased dramatically during last 3 decades with devastating consequences to public health. Recommended strategies to reduce obesity have focused on healthier diet and physical activity （PA）. Clearly, these approaches have not been successful, but whether this is due to failure to restrict energy intake or to maintain high levels of energy expenditure has been the subject of great controversy. Consequently, there has been a great deal of confusion about the role of PA and exercise in obesity and weight management. In this article, the theoretical basis for considering reduced PA and energy expenditure as the cause of obesity is appraised. Further, the role of PA in food intake and weight control is examined. The idea that obesity is caused by consistent deeline in daily energy expenditure is not supported either by objective measures of energy expenditure or physiological theory of weight gain alone. However, since voluntary exercise is the most important discretionary component of total daily energy expenditure, it can affect energy balance. Therefore, PA and exercise hold potential as part of the solution for the ongoing obesity epidemic.

Research for the Relationships between Body Acceleration and Energy Expenditure

During our research,It has been found that body acceleration has strong relationships with the human energy expenditure.This paper discusses the methods to assess physical activity and concludes that for accurate assessment of physical activity under free living conditions the recently introduced accelerometer looks most promising.We developed a new computerized machine to assess the body activity and energy expenditure.Test datas of the treadmill experiment,respiration experiment and 5-kilometer-running experiment have been archieved,we found that body acceration integrals with time has linear relations with body energy expenture.

Comparing dynamical systems concepts and techniques for biomechanical analysis

Traditional biomechanical analyses of human movement are generally derived from linear mathematics.While these methods can be useful in many situations,they do not describe behaviors in human systems that are predominately nonlinear.For this reason,nonlinear analysis methods based on a dynamical systems approach have become more prevalent in recent literature.These analysis techniques have provided new insights into how systems(1) maintain pattern stability,(2) transition into new states,and(3) are governed by short-and long-term(fractal) correlational processes at different spatio-temporal scales.These different aspects of system dynamics are typically investigated using concepts related to variability,stability,complexity,and adaptability.The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast these different concepts and demonstrate that,although related,these terms represent fundamentally different aspects of system dynamics.In particular,we argue that variability should not uniformly be equated with stability or complexity of movement.In addition,current dynamic stability measures based on nonlinear analysis methods(such as the finite maximal Lyapunov exponent) can reveal local instabilities in movement dynamics,but the degree to which these local instabilities relate to global postural and gait stability and the ability to resist external perturbations remains to be explored.Finally,systematic studies are needed to relate observed reductions in complexity with aging and disease to the adaptive capabilities of the movement system and how complexity changes as a function of different task constraints.

Fundamental movement skills training to promote physical activity in children with and without disability： A pilot study

Background： A positive association between fundamental movement skills （FMS） and physical activity （PA） has been shown in previous research of children with and without disability. This pilot study explored a causal mechanism for such relationship, and hypothesized that when FMS proficiency is improved, enhanced PA uptake will be found in children with and without disability. It was further hypothesized that improving FMS proficiency will have a greater impact on children with disability than those without disability. Methods： Participants include typically developing （TD） children without disability and children with cerebral palsy （CP）, who were allocated to FMS training groups （CP-FMS n = 12, TD-FMS n = 13） and control groups （CP-C n = 12, TD-C n = 13）. Training groups practiced five FMS （run, jump, kick, throw, catch） in weekly 45-min sessions for 4 weeks. Control groups had their regular physiotherapy （CP） or physical education （TD） sessions. FMS were evaluated using process- and product-oriented measures, and PA was measured using accelerometers, before and after training. Results： It was verified that training groups gained improvements in FMS while control groups did not. No significant changes in weekday PA were found. Increased weekend moderate to vigorous physical activity （MVPA） was found in the CP-FMS group, while decreased weekend sedentary time was found in the CP-FMS and TD-FMS groups. The percentages of participants who exceeded the minimum detectable change （MDC9o） in MVPA and sedentary time were larger in children with CP than in children without disability. Conclusion： The findings suggest that improved FMS proficiency could potentially contribute to heightened PA and decreased sedentary time during weekends for children. Such effect of improved FMS proficiency on PA appears to be greater in those with physical disability than in those without disability. It is recommended that the findings of this pilot study should be further examined in future research.

Study on Mobile Object Tracking and Intercept Technology Research

Background difference method[l] is one of the effective paths of improving robot＇ s vision reaction ability, and robots use background difference method to find the moving object in vision range and conduct tracking monitoring of moving objects. Then it uses support vector to conduct learning fitting of moving object, which can effectively predict the moving trend of moving object, and then it fabricates corresponding decision programs to conduct intercept capture of moving objects.

Implications of exergaming for the physical education curriculum in the 21st century

Exergaming provides an initial situationally interesting environment in physical education （PE） that serves to motivate novice players to engage in PE or physical activity. Current research suggests, however, that as students persist in this activity their situational interest decreases as their ability to exercise consistently at moderate intensity levels increases. In this article I will briefly review the literature citing benefits of exergaming and the role of exergaming in contemporary PE curricula before turning to the question of the place of exergaming in a learning- oriented approach to PE. I will suggest that exergaming, when taught within a situated learning framework, can contribute to student under- standing of the effects of exercise on their bodies and may produce meaningful lessons to assist students to create, monitor, and adapt a fitness plan to participate in life long exercise using a variety of physical activities. Copyright O 2013, Shanghai University of Sport. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Bioethics in the Training and Management of Sport

The aim of this paper is to examine the opportunities and problems presented by the increasing availability of technologies which is capable of enhancing sporting performance and identifying the risks in sports for creating educational and sports management practices to lead with justice, honesty, and beneficence. A questionnaire is developed to ascertain the social determinants and risks of health aspects of sports in a sample of professionals and amateurs. Descriptive and correlation analysis were used for data analysis. The study identifies health risks connected with the intensive loading of locomotors system, poor working conditions which cause working trauma and diseases as well as low level of health culture regarding the effects of performance-enhancing drugs including anabolic steroids, stimulants, human growth hormone, and supplements. There are arguments that the quality of sport education will be achieved by addressing the study of sports ethics coupled with a study of management and law.

The research on the standard and measure of the efficiency of the generalization performance of privatization of public utilities

The transformation of the development China＇s privatization of city public utilities？ vigorously promote the government function, however, the relative monopoly administrative operation system, functions decentralized system of government regulation and legal system construction is lagging behind, can making the privatization process easily lead to the emergence of efficient generalization, must be identified and avoided. This paper presents efficient generalization of privatization of public utility of our country city in measure, and analyzes the performance efficiency of the three resulting generalization.

The Analysis on Item-group Competition Olympic Gold Athlete＇ s Success Factor in China

Skills leading class project including the backlash against, the nets of combat. To compete against, 3 groups against the crowd at the Asian games and the Olympic Games. The gold medal up a significant portion of the distribution, fighting against sex and the nets to resistance is the advantage of China＇s competitive sports items. With modern training development, in today＇s big games is confrontational project on athletes. Fitness put forward higher request, our country adversarial program in athletes. Physically and foreign athletes, there are still some difference, need to roll out. For this, this paper, from the perspective of comparative study, tries to combat fight, the nets against, physical stamina training to compete against the comparative study. The characteristics of the dialysis physical stamina training, in order to arrange different scientific against body training and promote training methods and means to provide optimization.

Railway intelligent transportation system and its applications

With the development of artificial intelligence, communication, computer and other related technologies, it becomes feasible to rebuild traditional railway with such advanced technologies in order to establish a new generation railway transport system. The railway intelligent transportation system is the trend of railway transportation system in China, and it is also the research focus of international railway transport industry. This paper presents the definition, characters, architecture, key technologies and developing pattern of the RITS(railway intelligent transportation system). Then three typical applications are introduced. Finally, the prospect of the RITS is summarized.

Examples ofhigh-tech materials applied in sports equipment

This paper briefly introduces the application of new materials in sports and effect on sports performance, points out that development of competitive sports in the process, must pay attention to the development and utilization of new materials, development.

Design of the Mobile Phone Charging Device based on Human Motion Energy and Light Energy

This paper designs a mechanical swing of placementing mobile phone, which is inspired by the mechanical watch automatic winding process. The use of the kinetic energy generated by human body motion drives the wheel swing and the generator, it can carry out mobile phone additional charge through the electronic components rectifier and DC/DC converter regulator, the use of human motion and light energy can extend a fixed charge mobile phone standby time. The human motion power uses electromagnetic coupling technique and collects energy by using foot swing, solar power generation uses DSP chip in TMS320F28927 control a plurality of charging circuit, inverter circuit and solar maximum power point tracking by sampling and multiple output PWM wave. Finally, charging process has the basic constant current process discovered by device testing, the design of human motion and light energy mobile phone charger can satisfy the need of mobile phone rechargeable lithium batteries.

Design and Research of Big Data Processing Platform

This paper introduces the operational characteristics of the era of big data and the current era of big data challenges, and exhaustive research and design of big data analytics platform based on cloud computing, including big data analytics platform architecture system, big data analytics platform software architecture, big data analytics platform network architecture big data analysis platform unified program features and so on. The paper also analyzes the cloud computing platform for big data analysis program unified competitive advantage and development of business telecom operators play a certain role in the future.

Novel Synthesis Method of Nonst0ichiometric Na2-xlrO3 Crystal Structure, Transport and Magnetic Properties

Transition metal oxides with 4d or 5d metals are of great interest due to the competing interactions, of the Coulomb repulsion and the itineracy of the d-electrons, opening a possibility of building new quantum ground states. Particularly the 5d metal oxides containing Iridium have received significant attention within the last years, due to their unexpected physical properties, caused by a strong spin orbit coupling observed in It（IV）. A prominent example is the Mott-insulator Sr2IrO4. Another member of this family, the honeycomb lattice compound Na2IrO3, also being a Mott-insulator having, most probably, a Kitaev spin liquid ground state. By deintercalating sodium from Na2IrO3, the authors were able to synthesize a new honeycomb lattice compound with more than 50% reduced sodium content. The reduction of the sodium content in this layered compound leads to a change of the oxidation state of iridium from ＋ IV to ＋ V/＋ VI and a symmetry change from C2/c to P-3. This goes along with significant changes of the physical properties. Besides the vanishing magnetic ordering at 15 K, also the transport properties changes and instead insulating semiconducting properties are observed.

New advances in complex motion control for single robot systems and multi-agent systems

CHEN Jie,email：chenjie@bit.edu.cn

Demonstration of topological wireless power transfer

Recent advances in non-radiative wireless power transfer(WPT)technique essentially relying on magnetic resonance and near-field coupling have successfully enabled a wide range of applications.However,WPT systems based on double resonators are severely limited to short-or mid-range distance,due to the deteriorating efficiency and power with long transfer distance.WPT systems based on multi-relay resonators can overcome this problem,which,however,suffer from sensitivity to perturbations and fabrication imperfections.Here,we experimentally demonstrate a concept of topological wireless power transfer(TWPT),where energy is transferred efficiently via the near-field coupling between two topological edge states localized at the ends of a one-dimensional radiowave topological insulator.Such a TWPT system can be modelled as a parity-time-symmetric Su-Schrieffer-Heeger(SSH)chain with complex boundary potentials.Besides,the coil configurations are judiciously designed,which significantly suppress the unwanted cross-couplings between nonadjacent coils that could break the chiral symmetry of the SSH chain.By tuning the inter-and intra-cell coupling strengths,we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate high energy transfer efficiency near the exceptional point of the topological edge states,even in the presence of disorder.The combination of topological metamaterials,non-Hermitian physics,and WPT techniques could promise a variety of robust,efficient WPT applications over long distances in electronics,transportation,and industry.