银幕影像的感知革命:从吸引力电影到体验力电影

以电影学者汤姆·甘宁的"吸引力电影"(cinema of attraction)为论述起点,作者在分析和总结晚近电影放映和电影语言发展的基础上,提出了"体验力电影"(cinema of experience)这一重要概念,用以指认全球影像创作领域出现的一些大胆美学实验。相较于叙事,以伊纳利图、李安和诺兰为代表的探索者近来更关注影像体验感、沉浸感的营造,更看重如何才能让影像诉诸观众的"情动力"(affect)和"全感力"(sensorium),将观众最大限度地带入到叙事中,近距离乃至"无距离"地具身体验人物的所见所触所听所感。这类影像实践,就是"体验力电影",这些电影构成了流媒体时代银幕影像感知革命的核心,也代表了晚近电影艺术发展的主要趋势。

纪录片镜头语言中的体验力——以《徒手攀岩》为例

汤姆·甘宁提出“吸引力电影”概念来描述早期电影的视觉奇观性,早期电影是记录性的,此概念也是在阐释早期的纪录片。纵观纪录片的发展历程,从观众观影体验的角度上划分,是从吸引力到叙事力,再到体验力的过程,三者在当代纪录片的创作中是共存的。影片创造体验力的过程是与观众视觉体验互动的过程,在《徒手攀岩》这部纪录片中,镜头内容上的奇观性,镜头造型语言的体验性,以及影片所具备的互动性等方面的特点让影片具备了一定的体验力,在一定意义上纪录片的体验力是纪录片吸引力的更高级阶段。

“少数族”叙事与“体验力”美学——拉美跨文化电影创作的逆袭之翼

拉美裔身份与多元文化成长背景让拉美电影人同时兼具民族化表达的自觉与国际化视野,对传统与现代议题的同等关注,以及在遵循类型电影创作规律并交上高分"命题作文答卷"的同时也不忘进行电影语言的革新。在此过程中,拉美电影的跨文化创作形成了"少数族"叙事与"体验力"美学并重的表达倾向,借助好莱坞全球发行体系的优势和国际电影节的推广,这种表达倾向正潜移默化地影响着全球观众的观影习惯,并将以好莱坞和西方价值观为导向的意识形态进行暗渡陈仓的改写与修正。

“细饮”喜力啤酒体验馆

为什么喜力卖的是”欢乐”？说白了，就是喝得爽、喝得痛快.

论艺术消费主体与艺术消费力

主体艺术消费力的实现形式构成包括:欣赏选择感受力、审美记忆联想力、审美情感体验力、欣赏想象重构力、审美理解领悟力和鉴赏品味评价力。把对艺术生产力的分析深入到艺术消费领域,可揭示艺术消费力的内在结构和六种实现形式的作用和意义,有益于深入研究和发展艺术生产力,揭示艺术消费主体的素质能力结构,提高艺术消费的层次和品位。

体验与情动:重回吸引力的后电影时代影像

自数字技术介入影像制作,观众受到各色屏幕影像文化的刺激,对更表象化的影像产生迷入。伴随着数字技术的发展,"体验力"和"情动力"这两种影像力量逐渐成为"吸引力电影"的助力。文章在阐明"吸引力"经历的早期胶片到晚近数字的嬗变后,以"体验力""情动力"作为切入点,论述后电影影像文化的特征,并在最后对其背后的消费文化逻辑做出梳理。最终认为,后电影时代下"吸引力"影像的回归,是影像发展的一种趋势。

建筑序列空间的综合“张力”体验

本文以格式塔心理学美学理论为基础,就格式塔理论与建筑空间中"力的结构"关系上,从形的结构与表现的角度对建筑空间中的综合"张力"作简要的分析。阐述了建筑空间视觉张力的形成因素,剖析了建筑空间中蕴藏着处于动态平衡状态下的"力的结构"式样。建筑作为一个序列空间完形整体,只有观者在运动中,也就是在连续行进的过程中,以漫游的视点才能够逐一地感受到各个空间的结构魅力,从而形成建筑整体完形的综合力的体验。

活用抗疫素材 打造情怀课堂——以“依法履行义务”教学为例

立足学生不断扩展的生活视野,着力提升学生法治思维辨析力、法治情感体验力、法治社会实践力,能够不断滋养学生生命健康成长,切实提升初中法治情怀课堂品质。

数学步道:让数学活动拾级而上

数学步道是以数学的眼光观察世界,依托实物景观而设计的具有挑战性的数学任务。数学步道为儿童在数学与生活之间架起了一座桥梁,让知识更具体验力,让体验更具探究力,让探究更具发现力,同时为校园文化增添了一抹亮色。

乐感的审美体悟及其艺术心理分析

“乐感”是音乐表演艺术中经常涉及到的重要问题。乐感的审美体悟是音乐心理学研究的基本课题。它集中了音乐表演中的音、情、技、意、境、力等多种感知因素的综合。乐感审美体悟的深化运动方式以唤情结构、环境音画勾描、音型动力构型、动作技能的高智能组合等程序的最终完善形成音乐环境心理中的“三境重合”。乐感审美体悟的另一个重要概念是音乐表演意识中的力型意识。它需要演奏 (唱 )者将意识中长期积累起来的活的音响材料、技术密码通过艺术表演化为一种特定的力的鸣响 ,最后形成音—心—力的“轴心”效应。这样 ,乐感既能造成演奏 (唱 )者全方位、多视听的联觉效能 。

Calculation of wave and current loads on launching offshore jacket

It’s very complicated to calculate and analyze the wave and current loads on naval architectures since the sea condition is uncertain and complicated and the determinants vary from different form types and dimensions. For calculating the wave and current loads on upright small-long-size pipe, the Morrison equation is practical and applied. Jacket platform is a kind of offshore space frame structure comprised of lots of poles that are circular cylinders with small diameter and in the oblique status relative to seabed. In this paper, based on Morrison equation, the specific method and procedure calculating the wave and current loads on launching jacket are given and applied on a typical launching jacket. The instance shows that the method and procedure are convenient and make the calculation and analysis in good agreement with actual launching.

Pilot Study on the Oscillation and Migration of a Spherical Bubble Escaping from the Lateral Propulsion Hole

In an atrocious ocean environment,the lateral propulsion hole could potentially be partly out of water and capture an air cavity.Bubbles would form when the captured air cavity escapes underwater and they may affect the performance of the sonar.The common commercial computational fluid dynamics software CFX was adopted to calculate the ambient flow field around the lateral propulsion hole generated by a moving vessel.The oscillation of the spherical bubble was based on the Rayleigh-Plesset equation and its migration was modeled using the momentum equation.The radiated noise of the oscillating bubble was also studied.The aim is that the results from this paper would provide some insight into corresponding fluid and acoustic study.

Sea Experiments of the Underway Conductivity-Temperature-Depth Prototype Made in China

A new instrument for upper ocean survey, namely the UCTD （Underway Conductivity-Temperature- Depth）, which combines some of the advantages of other underway instruments, is introduced in this paper. The Introduction section presents a description of the construction and function of the UCTD, and the experiments conducted in the South China Sea on board the R/V Dong Fang Hong 2 in July 2007 and August 2008. The UCTD system, with pressure and temperature sensors in the probe, is con- veniently portable, cost-effective and environment-friendly. It is hopefully suitable for future cruises. An intercomparison based on regressing with the experiment temperature data from both SeaBird plus911 CTD and the UCTD showed that the standard deviation is 0.88~C and the correlation coefficient is 0.96, achieving the goals set for the current oceanography uses. In the hydrodynamic experiments, the descending velocities and depths were calculated for different ship speeds. A pulling test was designed with a tensiorneter to measure the magnitude of the pull. The maximal tension of the line was found to be 66.2 kg, which is far lower than the bearing limit of the Hollow Spectra line. Finally, some improvement suggestions are put forward for future experiments and production.

Acoustic emission generated during the gas sorption-desorption process in coal

An experimental system for monitoring the acoustic signals generated in coal during gas sorption and/or desorption was designed and the acoustic signals were observed under different gas pressures. The experimental results show that signals generated by the coal during gas adsorption are attenuated over time. Also, the signals are not continuous but are impulsive. The intensity of the signals generated during gas desorption is far smaller than that observed during adsorption. The signal seen during desorption remains essentially stable. Cycles of sorption and desorption cause acoustic emission signals that exhibit a memory effect, which depends upon the maximum gas pressure the sample was exposed to in earlier cycles. Lower pressures in subsequent cycles, compared to the maximum adsorption pressure in previous cycles, cause both the energy and impulse frequency to be lower than previously. On the contrary, a gas adsorption pressure that exceeds the maximum pressure seen by the sample during earlier cycles causes both the energy and impulse frequency to be high.

Numerical simulation and experimental study of the hydrodynamics of a modeled reef located within a current

The hydrodynamic forces and flow field of artificial reef models in steady flow were numerically investigated using the RNG κ-ε turbulent model. The numerical simulation results are consistent with results observed by experimental means. A comparative study indicates that the corresponding errors of forces between calculated values and values observed in the experiment vary in the range of2.3%-11.2% and that the corresponding errors of velocities vary in the range of 1.3%-15.8%. The flow field numerical results show that upstream and vortices exist when the current passes over and through the surface of the reef model. This study suggests that the numerical simulation method can be applied to predict the forces and flow field associated with artificial reefs.

Mechanical properties and reinforcement effect of jointed rock mass with pre-stressed bolt

Pre-stressed bolt anchorage is the key technology for jointed rock masses in rock tunnelling,slope treatment and mining engineering.To investigate the mechanical properties and reinforcement effect of jointed rock masses with pre-stressed bolts,in this study,uniaxial compression tests were conducted on specimens with different anchoring types and flaw inclination angles.ABAQUS software was used to verify and supplement the laboratory tests.The laws of the uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)obtained from the numerical simulations and laboratory tests were consistent.The results showed that under the same flaw angle,both the UCS and elastic modulus of the bolted specimens were improved compared with those of the specimens without bolts and the improvements increased with an increase in the bolt pre-stress.Under the same anchoring type,the UCS and elastic modulus of the jointed specimens increased with an increase in the flaw angle.The pre-stressed bolt could not only restrain the slip of the specimens along the flaw surface but also change the propagation mode of the secondary cracks and limit the initiation of cracks.In addition,the plot contours of the maximum principal strain and the Tresca stress of the numerical models were influenced by the anchoring type,flaw angle,anchoring angle and bolt position.

Numerical Study of the Secondary Circulations in Rip Current Systems

To investigate the mechanism of secondary circulations in rip current systems, and to explore the relationship between wave conditions and secondary circulation intensity, a series of numerical experiments is performed using coupled nearshore wave model and circulation model. In these experiments, the rip currents and secondary circulations generated above barred beaches with rip channels are simulated. A comparison experiment is conducted to investigate the formation and hydrodynamics of the secondary circulations. Model results indicate that the secondary circulations consist of alongshore flows driven by wave set-up near the shoreline, part of the feeder currents driven by the wave set-up over the bars, and onshore flows at the end of the rip channel driven by wave breaking and convection. The existence of the secondary circulation barely affects the rip current, but narrows and intensifies the feeder currents. Three groups of experiments of varying incident wave conditions are performed to investigate the relationship between wave conditions and secondary circulation intensity. The velocity of the alongshore flow of the secondary circulation is sensitive to the variation of the incident wave height and water depth. It is also found that the alongshore flow intensity is in direct proportion to the alongshore variation of the wave height gradient between the bars and the shoreline.

Experimental investigation on flow properties of cemented paste backfill through L-pipe and loop-pipe tests

With the gradual depletion of available ore at shallow depth,deep mines have been widely operated around the world and therefore need a longer distance to transport the backfill to the underground stope.In this case,the determination of pressure drop is more important in the pipeline transportation system design.As the pilot loop systems require a large amount of capital and manual investment,even its results are reliable,there is an urgent need to find an alternative simple and cost-saving method to determine the pressure drop.Hence,laboratory L-pipe and a pilot-loop tests were employed to study the flow properties of cemented paste backfill cured at various solid and binder content.The results indicate that the L-pipe test presented a similar trend to the loop test,but the L-pipe was characterized by higher pressure drop values for various solid and cement contents.As cement content increased beyond 0%,the paste in the L-pipe showed a slighter difference in pressure drop evolution compared to the paste in the loop-pipe.These results suggest that the simple L-pipe is a workable substitute for semi-industrial loop tests and can provide guidance for designing practical CPB pipeline systems in deep mines.

Simulation of the East Asian Subtropical Westerly Jet Stream with GFDL AGCM (AM2.1)

The present study validated the capability of the AM2.1,a model developed at NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL),in reproducing the fundamental features of the East Asian Subtropical Westerly Jet Stream (EASWJ).The main behaviors of the EASWJ are also investigated through the reanalysis of observational NCEP/NCAR data.The mean state of the EASWJ,including its intensity,location,structure,and seasonal evolution is generally well-portrayed in the model.Compared with the observation,the model tends to reproduce a weaker jet center.And,during summer,the simulated jet center is northward-situated.Results also demonstrate the model captures the variability of EASWJ during summer well.The results of the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) applied on the zonal wind at 200 hPa (U200) over East Asia for both the observation and simulation indicate an inter-decadal shift around the late 1970s.The correlation coefficient between the corresponding principle components is as great as 0.42 with significance at the 99% confidence level.

Comparison between the new mechanistic and the chaos scale-up methods for gas-solid fluidized beds

The chaotic scale-up approach by matching the Kolmogorov entropy(E_K) proposed by Schouten et al.(1996) was assessed in two geometrically similar gas–solid fluidized bed columns of 0.14 and 0.44 m diameter.We used four conditions of our validated new mechanistic scale-up method based on matching the radial profiles of gas holdup where the local dimensionless hydrodynamic parameters were similar as measured by advanced measurement techniques.These experimental conditions were used to evaluate the validity of the chaotic scale-up method,which were selected based on our new mechanistic scale-up methodology.Pressure gauge transducer measurements at the wall and inside the bed at various local radial locations and at three axial heights were used to estimate KE.It was found that the experimental conditions with similar or close radial profiles of the Kolmogorov entropy and with similar or close radial profiles of the gas holdup achieve the similarity in local dimensionless hydrodynamic parameters,and vice versa.