A method for preparation of particle crystal film constructed from monodisperse silica colloidal particles in diameter of about 300 nm is reported. The films were prepared from an ethanol suspension by vertical deposi...A method for preparation of particle crystal film constructed from monodisperse silica colloidal particles in diameter of about 300 nm is reported. The films were prepared from an ethanol suspension by vertical deposition that relies on capillary forces to assemble colloidal crystal particles on a vertical substrate. The 3D ordered films were characterized by transmission spectra and scanning electric microscope (SEM). The effect of evaporation temperature, particle concentration and sintered temperature on the quality of colloidal particle crystal film was investigated.展开更多
A non-isothermal injection molding process for a non-Newtonian viscous pseudoplastic fluid is simulated.A conservative interface capturing technique and the flow field solving method are coupled to perform a dynamic s...A non-isothermal injection molding process for a non-Newtonian viscous pseudoplastic fluid is simulated.A conservative interface capturing technique and the flow field solving method are coupled to perform a dynamic simulation.The validity of the numerical method is verified by a benchmark problem.The melt interface evolution versus time is captured and the physical quantities such as temperature,velocity and pressure at each time step are obtained with corresponding analysis.A"frozen skin"layer with the thickness increasing versus time during the injection process is found.The fact that the"frozen skin"layer can be reduced by increasing the injection velocity is numerically verified.The fountain flow phenomenon near the melt interface is also captured.Moreover,comparisons with the non-isothermal Newtonian case show that the curvatures of the interface arcs and the pressure contours near the horizontal mid-line of the cavity for the non-Newtonian pseudoplastic case is larger than that for the Newtonian case.The velocity profiles are different at different positions for the non-Newtonian pseudoplastic case,while in the case of Newtonian flow the velocity profiles are parabolic and almost the same at different positions.展开更多
Objective To explore the potential of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in combination cooperated with aFGF in accelerating neovascularization in vivo. Methods Ischemic model was set up in the right hindlimbs of 28 ...Objective To explore the potential of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in combination cooperated with aFGF in accelerating neovascularization in vivo. Methods Ischemic model was set up in the right hindlimbs of 28 New Zealand white rabbits. Four groups of animals treated with saline, LMWH, aFGF and aFGF plus LMWH were allocated equally in group Ⅰ, group Ⅱ, group Ⅲ and group Ⅳ respectively. Vascular neovascularization and smooth muscular thickness of the ischemic hindlimb vessels of each animal in different groups were compared with each other on the 28th day postoperatively by angiography with DSA and the standard immunoperoxidase technique. Results No significant neovascularization was seen when aFGF adiministered in low dosage by venous infusion. But when the same dosage of aFGF plus LMWH were administered by venous infusion, a significant neovascularization was observed. Conclusion LMWH can potentiate aFGF in accelerating neovascularization.展开更多
Simulating semi-solid metal forming requires modelling semi-solid behaviour.However, such modelling is difficult because semi-solid behavior is thixotropic and depends on the liquid-solid spatial distribution within t...Simulating semi-solid metal forming requires modelling semi-solid behaviour.However, such modelling is difficult because semi-solid behavior is thixotropic and depends on the liquid-solid spatial distribution within the material.In order to better understand and model relationships between microstructure and behavior, a model based on micromechanical approaches and homogenisation techniques is presented.This model is an extension of a previous model established in a pure viscoplastic framework to account for elasticity.Indeed, experimental load-displacement signals reveal the presence of an elastic-type response in the earlier stages of deformation when semi-solids are loaded under rapid compression.This elastic feature of the behaviour is attributed to the response of the porous solid skeleton saturated by incompressible liquid.A good quantitative agreement is found between the elastic-viscoplastic predicted response and the experimental data.More precisely, the strong initial rising part of the load-displacement curve, the peak load and the subsequent fall in load are well captured.The effect of solid fraction on mechanical response is in qualitative agreement with experiments.展开更多
Electrical capacitance volume tomography(ECVT) is a recently-developed technique for real-time,non-invasive 3D monitoring of processes involving materials with strong contrasts in dielectric permittivity.This work is ...Electrical capacitance volume tomography(ECVT) is a recently-developed technique for real-time,non-invasive 3D monitoring of processes involving materials with strong contrasts in dielectric permittivity.This work is first application of the method to visualization of water flow in soil.We describe the principles behind the method,and then demonstrate its use with a simple laboratory infiltration experiment.32 ECVT sensors were installed on the sides of an empty PVC column.Water was poured into the column at a constant rate,and ECVT data were collected every second.The column was then packed with dry sand and again supplied with water at a constant rate with data collected every second.Data were analyzed to give bulk average water contents,which proved consistent with the water supply rates.Data were also analyzed to give 3D images(216 voxels) allowing visualization of the water distribution during the experiments.Result of this work shows that water infiltration into the soil,wall flow,progress of the unstable wetting front and the final water distribution are clearly visible.展开更多
Recently, a novel porcine circovirus-like virus P1 with a circular DNA genome of 0.648 kb was identified. P1 antigen was detected both in vitro and in vivo by synthetic peptide-derived polyclonal antibody-based immuno...Recently, a novel porcine circovirus-like virus P1 with a circular DNA genome of 0.648 kb was identified. P1 antigen was detected both in vitro and in vivo by synthetic peptide-derived polyclonal antibody-based immunochemistry. The designed peptides were synthesized by solid-phase technique, purified by high performance liquid chromatography, coupled to Keyhole limpet hemocyanin, and injected into rabbits to prepare polyclonal antibody. The emergence of positive cells revealed that synthetic peptide could elicit antibodies against P1 and viral protein could be synthesized. The polyclonal peptide antibodies described here was successfully applied to immunochemical staining and proved helpful in diagnosing P1.展开更多
On August 2,a twin-segment solid rocket motor of the largest diameter,grain mass and thrust in China completed its ground test firing with success.The3 m solid motor was independently developed by the Academy of Aeros...On August 2,a twin-segment solid rocket motor of the largest diameter,grain mass and thrust in China completed its ground test firing with success.The3 m solid motor was independently developed by the Academy of Aerospace Solid Propulsion Technology(AASPT)under CASC.展开更多
Quantum entanglement is an essential resource for quantum information processing, either for quantum communication or for quantum computation. The multi- partite case of entanglement, especially the so called gen- uin...Quantum entanglement is an essential resource for quantum information processing, either for quantum communication or for quantum computation. The multi- partite case of entanglement, especially the so called gen- uine multipartite entanglement, has significant importance for multipartite quantum information protocols. Thus, it is a natural requirement to experimentally verify multipartite quantum entanglement when performing many quantum int^rmation tasks. However, this is often technically chal- lenging due to the difficulty of building a shared reference lYame among all involved parties, especially when these parties are distant l^om each other. In this paper, we experimentally verify the genuine tripartite entanglement of a three-photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state without shared reference frames. A high probability 0.79 of successfully verifying the genuine tripartite entanglement is achieved when no reference frame is shared. In the case of sharing only one common axis, an even higher success probability of 0.91 is achieved.展开更多
Consistent individual differences (CIDs) in behavior are of interest to both basic and applied research, because any selection acting on them could induce evolution of animal behavior. It has been suggested that CID...Consistent individual differences (CIDs) in behavior are of interest to both basic and applied research, because any selection acting on them could induce evolution of animal behavior. It has been suggested that CIDs in the behavior of fish might explain individual differences in vulnerability to fishing. If so, fishing could impose selection on fish behavior. In this study, we assessed boldness-indicating behaviors of Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis using individually conducted experiments measuring the time taken to explore a novel arena containing predator (burbot, Lota Iota) cues. We studied if individual differences in boldness would explain vulnerability of individually tagged perch to experimental angling in outdoor ponds, or if fishing would impose selection on boldness-indicating behavior. Perch expressed repeatable individual differences in boldness-indicating behavior but the individual boldness-score (the first principal component) obtained using principal component analysis combining all the measured behavioral responses did not explain vulnerability to experimental angling. Instead, large body size appeared as the only statistically significant predictor of capture probability. Our results suggest that angling is selective for large size, but not always selective for high boldness.展开更多
High-Mg (Mg#〉45) andesites (HMA) within cratons attract great attention from geologists. Their origin remains strongly debated. In order to examine and provide direct evidence for previous assumptions about HMA'...High-Mg (Mg#〉45) andesites (HMA) within cratons attract great attention from geologists. Their origin remains strongly debated. In order to examine and provide direct evidence for previous assumptions about HMA's genesis inferred from petrolog- ical and geochemical investigations, we performed reaction experiments between tonalitic melt and mantle olivine on a six-anvil apparatus at high-temperature of 1250-1400℃ and high-pressure of 2.0-5.0 GPa. Our experiments in this work simulated the interaction between the tonalitic melt derived from partial melting of eclogitized lower crust foundering into the Earth's mantle and mantle peridotite. The experimental results show that the reacted melts have very similar variations in chemical compositions to the HMAs within the North China Craton. Therefore, this interaction is probably an important pro- cess to generate the HMAs within crations.展开更多
Microbial adaptation to salinity can be achieved through synthesis of organic osmolytes,which requires high amounts of energy;however,a single addition of plant residues can only temporarily improve energy supply to s...Microbial adaptation to salinity can be achieved through synthesis of organic osmolytes,which requires high amounts of energy;however,a single addition of plant residues can only temporarily improve energy supply to soil microbes.Therefore,a laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to evaluate the responses of soil microbes to increasing salinity with repeated additions of plant residues using a loamy sand soil with an electrical conductivity in saturated paste extract(EC_e) of 0.6 dS m^(-1).The soil was kept non-saline or salinized by adding different amounts of NaCl to achieve EC_e of 12.5,25.0 and 50.0 dS m^(-1).The non-saline soil and the saline soils were amended with finely ground pea residues at two rates equivalent to 3.9 and 7.8 g C kg^(-1) soil on days 0,15 and29.The soils receiving no residues were included as a control.Cumulative respiration per g C added over 2 weeks after each residue addition was always greater at 3.9 than 7.8 g C kg^(-1) soil and higher in the non-saline soil than in the saline soils.In the saline soils,the cumulative respiration per g C added was higher after the second and third additions than after the first addition except with3.9 g C kg^(-1) at EC_e of 50 dS m^(_1).Though with the same amount of C added(7.8 g C kg^(-1)),salinity reduced soil respiration to a lesser extent when 3.9 g C kg^(-1) was added twice compared to a single addition of 7.8 g C kg^(-1).After the third residue addition,the microbial biomass C concentration was significantly lower in the soils with EC_e of 25 and 50 dS m^(_1) than in the non-saline soil at3.9 g C kg^(-1),but only in the soil with EC_e of 50 dS m^(-1) at 7.8 g C kg^(-1).We concluded that repeated residue additions increased the adaptation of soil microbial community to salinity,which was likely due to high C availability providing microbes with the energy needed for synthesis of organic osmolytes.展开更多
基金Supported by the Chinese National Key Basic Research Special Fund (No.2001CB6104) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20076027)
文摘A method for preparation of particle crystal film constructed from monodisperse silica colloidal particles in diameter of about 300 nm is reported. The films were prepared from an ethanol suspension by vertical deposition that relies on capillary forces to assemble colloidal crystal particles on a vertical substrate. The 3D ordered films were characterized by transmission spectra and scanning electric microscope (SEM). The effect of evaporation temperature, particle concentration and sintered temperature on the quality of colloidal particle crystal film was investigated.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10871159) the National Basic Research Program of China(2005CB321704)
文摘A non-isothermal injection molding process for a non-Newtonian viscous pseudoplastic fluid is simulated.A conservative interface capturing technique and the flow field solving method are coupled to perform a dynamic simulation.The validity of the numerical method is verified by a benchmark problem.The melt interface evolution versus time is captured and the physical quantities such as temperature,velocity and pressure at each time step are obtained with corresponding analysis.A"frozen skin"layer with the thickness increasing versus time during the injection process is found.The fact that the"frozen skin"layer can be reduced by increasing the injection velocity is numerically verified.The fountain flow phenomenon near the melt interface is also captured.Moreover,comparisons with the non-isothermal Newtonian case show that the curvatures of the interface arcs and the pressure contours near the horizontal mid-line of the cavity for the non-Newtonian pseudoplastic case is larger than that for the Newtonian case.The velocity profiles are different at different positions for the non-Newtonian pseudoplastic case,while in the case of Newtonian flow the velocity profiles are parabolic and almost the same at different positions.
文摘Objective To explore the potential of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in combination cooperated with aFGF in accelerating neovascularization in vivo. Methods Ischemic model was set up in the right hindlimbs of 28 New Zealand white rabbits. Four groups of animals treated with saline, LMWH, aFGF and aFGF plus LMWH were allocated equally in group Ⅰ, group Ⅱ, group Ⅲ and group Ⅳ respectively. Vascular neovascularization and smooth muscular thickness of the ischemic hindlimb vessels of each animal in different groups were compared with each other on the 28th day postoperatively by angiography with DSA and the standard immunoperoxidase technique. Results No significant neovascularization was seen when aFGF adiministered in low dosage by venous infusion. But when the same dosage of aFGF plus LMWH were administered by venous infusion, a significant neovascularization was observed. Conclusion LMWH can potentiate aFGF in accelerating neovascularization.
文摘Simulating semi-solid metal forming requires modelling semi-solid behaviour.However, such modelling is difficult because semi-solid behavior is thixotropic and depends on the liquid-solid spatial distribution within the material.In order to better understand and model relationships between microstructure and behavior, a model based on micromechanical approaches and homogenisation techniques is presented.This model is an extension of a previous model established in a pure viscoplastic framework to account for elasticity.Indeed, experimental load-displacement signals reveal the presence of an elastic-type response in the earlier stages of deformation when semi-solids are loaded under rapid compression.This elastic feature of the behaviour is attributed to the response of the porous solid skeleton saturated by incompressible liquid.A good quantitative agreement is found between the elastic-viscoplastic predicted response and the experimental data.More precisely, the strong initial rising part of the load-displacement curve, the peak load and the subsequent fall in load are well captured.The effect of solid fraction on mechanical response is in qualitative agreement with experiments.
文摘Electrical capacitance volume tomography(ECVT) is a recently-developed technique for real-time,non-invasive 3D monitoring of processes involving materials with strong contrasts in dielectric permittivity.This work is first application of the method to visualization of water flow in soil.We describe the principles behind the method,and then demonstrate its use with a simple laboratory infiltration experiment.32 ECVT sensors were installed on the sides of an empty PVC column.Water was poured into the column at a constant rate,and ECVT data were collected every second.The column was then packed with dry sand and again supplied with water at a constant rate with data collected every second.Data were analyzed to give bulk average water contents,which proved consistent with the water supply rates.Data were also analyzed to give 3D images(216 voxels) allowing visualization of the water distribution during the experiments.Result of this work shows that water infiltration into the soil,wall flow,progress of the unstable wetting front and the final water distribution are clearly visible.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31272574,30972184)
文摘Recently, a novel porcine circovirus-like virus P1 with a circular DNA genome of 0.648 kb was identified. P1 antigen was detected both in vitro and in vivo by synthetic peptide-derived polyclonal antibody-based immunochemistry. The designed peptides were synthesized by solid-phase technique, purified by high performance liquid chromatography, coupled to Keyhole limpet hemocyanin, and injected into rabbits to prepare polyclonal antibody. The emergence of positive cells revealed that synthetic peptide could elicit antibodies against P1 and viral protein could be synthesized. The polyclonal peptide antibodies described here was successfully applied to immunochemical staining and proved helpful in diagnosing P1.
文摘On August 2,a twin-segment solid rocket motor of the largest diameter,grain mass and thrust in China completed its ground test firing with success.The3 m solid motor was independently developed by the Academy of Aerospace Solid Propulsion Technology(AASPT)under CASC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6132790161490711+7 种基金11274289113254196122502511474268and 11374288)the Strategic Priority Research Program(B)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB01030300)the National Youth Top Talent Support Program of National High-level Personnel of Special Support Programthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WK2470000018)
文摘Quantum entanglement is an essential resource for quantum information processing, either for quantum communication or for quantum computation. The multi- partite case of entanglement, especially the so called gen- uine multipartite entanglement, has significant importance for multipartite quantum information protocols. Thus, it is a natural requirement to experimentally verify multipartite quantum entanglement when performing many quantum int^rmation tasks. However, this is often technically chal- lenging due to the difficulty of building a shared reference lYame among all involved parties, especially when these parties are distant l^om each other. In this paper, we experimentally verify the genuine tripartite entanglement of a three-photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state without shared reference frames. A high probability 0.79 of successfully verifying the genuine tripartite entanglement is achieved when no reference frame is shared. In the case of sharing only one common axis, an even higher success probability of 0.91 is achieved.
文摘Consistent individual differences (CIDs) in behavior are of interest to both basic and applied research, because any selection acting on them could induce evolution of animal behavior. It has been suggested that CIDs in the behavior of fish might explain individual differences in vulnerability to fishing. If so, fishing could impose selection on fish behavior. In this study, we assessed boldness-indicating behaviors of Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis using individually conducted experiments measuring the time taken to explore a novel arena containing predator (burbot, Lota Iota) cues. We studied if individual differences in boldness would explain vulnerability of individually tagged perch to experimental angling in outdoor ponds, or if fishing would impose selection on boldness-indicating behavior. Perch expressed repeatable individual differences in boldness-indicating behavior but the individual boldness-score (the first principal component) obtained using principal component analysis combining all the measured behavioral responses did not explain vulnerability to experimental angling. Instead, large body size appeared as the only statistically significant predictor of capture probability. Our results suggest that angling is selective for large size, but not always selective for high boldness.
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KZCX2-YW-Q08-3-4)the project from the State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research,Nanjing University(Grant No.15-09-08)
文摘High-Mg (Mg#〉45) andesites (HMA) within cratons attract great attention from geologists. Their origin remains strongly debated. In order to examine and provide direct evidence for previous assumptions about HMA's genesis inferred from petrolog- ical and geochemical investigations, we performed reaction experiments between tonalitic melt and mantle olivine on a six-anvil apparatus at high-temperature of 1250-1400℃ and high-pressure of 2.0-5.0 GPa. Our experiments in this work simulated the interaction between the tonalitic melt derived from partial melting of eclogitized lower crust foundering into the Earth's mantle and mantle peridotite. The experimental results show that the reacted melts have very similar variations in chemical compositions to the HMAs within the North China Craton. Therefore, this interaction is probably an important pro- cess to generate the HMAs within crations.
文摘Microbial adaptation to salinity can be achieved through synthesis of organic osmolytes,which requires high amounts of energy;however,a single addition of plant residues can only temporarily improve energy supply to soil microbes.Therefore,a laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to evaluate the responses of soil microbes to increasing salinity with repeated additions of plant residues using a loamy sand soil with an electrical conductivity in saturated paste extract(EC_e) of 0.6 dS m^(-1).The soil was kept non-saline or salinized by adding different amounts of NaCl to achieve EC_e of 12.5,25.0 and 50.0 dS m^(-1).The non-saline soil and the saline soils were amended with finely ground pea residues at two rates equivalent to 3.9 and 7.8 g C kg^(-1) soil on days 0,15 and29.The soils receiving no residues were included as a control.Cumulative respiration per g C added over 2 weeks after each residue addition was always greater at 3.9 than 7.8 g C kg^(-1) soil and higher in the non-saline soil than in the saline soils.In the saline soils,the cumulative respiration per g C added was higher after the second and third additions than after the first addition except with3.9 g C kg^(-1) at EC_e of 50 dS m^(_1).Though with the same amount of C added(7.8 g C kg^(-1)),salinity reduced soil respiration to a lesser extent when 3.9 g C kg^(-1) was added twice compared to a single addition of 7.8 g C kg^(-1).After the third residue addition,the microbial biomass C concentration was significantly lower in the soils with EC_e of 25 and 50 dS m^(_1) than in the non-saline soil at3.9 g C kg^(-1),but only in the soil with EC_e of 50 dS m^(-1) at 7.8 g C kg^(-1).We concluded that repeated residue additions increased the adaptation of soil microbial community to salinity,which was likely due to high C availability providing microbes with the energy needed for synthesis of organic osmolytes.