感悟生活 体验物理——初中物理生活化教学策略

课程改革对初中物理教学提出了明确要求,即课堂教学应该密切联系学生的实际生活,并充分尊重学生的认知水平,使学生对物理学习产生浓厚的兴趣,培养其物理核心素养。因此,初中物理教师应该以《义务教育物理课程标准(2022年版)》为基础,积极运用生活化的教学方式,使初中物理生活化教学的目标顺利实现。对此,文章主要对初中物理生活化教学策略进行了探讨。

体验式物理教学理念在农科物理教学中的尝试

在强调创新教学的大环境下,尝试用物理知识作为载体,以体验伟大物理学家发现和解决物理问题的思想和方法为核心,设计一种全新的体验式物理教学模式,旨在培养学生发现和解决问题的创新思维能力。

初中物理体验式教学初探

体验式教学是依据学生的认知特点和规律，通过创造时机或是重复经历的情境，呈现或是再现教学内容，使得学生能够在自己亲身经历的过程中理解并获得知识，发展能力，实现自我能力的提升。教学中，我们要解放学生思想，让学生自主建构知识，形成健康的学习心理，健全学生人格，打造新时代具有创新性实践能力的人才。

以情境体验模式促进高中物理学习的探索

随着教育新课改的进行,高中物理课程的教学也有了质的变化,教学方式逐渐新颖多样.物理学科是充满了奇妙的一门基础应用学科,具有很强的操作实验性.高中物理较之以前的简单物理来说更加复杂抽象所以对学生的要求更高.而我们的情景体验模式教学这就是我们的教师根据学生的认知能力以及学科特点设计的有针对性有创造性的新的学习方式,可以让学生身临其境在感受的过程中获得知识,及实践出真知切身体会更能准确深刻的把握知识,从而达到更好的教学效果.

初中物理分层教学模式研究

成功体验是学生情感因素中的重要方面,有效的成功体验对学生学习主动性有着重要的促进作用。通过分层教学使学生获得成功体验,可以保证成功体验的有效性和全面性,由此构建“基于有效成功体验的初中物理分层教学模式”。

Physical simulation test of soil-rock mixture from synthetic transparent soil

The waste dump of open-pit coal mine is remade of soil-rock mixture under the action of gravity,dynamic load of transportation equipment and earthquake,etc.By using artificial synthetic transparent soil,the developing process and migration law for soil-rock mixture are observed in the remade process.The mixture of fused quartz sand,liquid paraffin and n-tridecane is chosen as the material for synthetic transparent soil which is mixed with liquid paraffin and n-tridecane at a mass ratio of4.4at room temperature of17℃.Physical and mechanical properties of transparent soil are determined by physical test and compared with those in natural sandy soil.The results show that transparent soil and sandy soil have high similarity,in other words,transparent soil can be used for similar simulation experiments of soil-rock mixture.

Experimental and simulation study of nylon 6 solid–liquid extraction process

The solid–liquid extraction process of nylon 6 to eliminate small molecules, i.e., caprolactam(CL), cyclic dimers(CD) and cyclic trimers(CT), is investigated in detail by both batch extraction experiments and numerical simulations. In the batch extraction experiments, due to the small molecules attaching to the polymeric surface, the basic physical mechanism shifts from surface diffusion to internal diffusion as the extraction proceeded. The experimental data are well reproduced by a diffusion model consisting of two distinct steps, characterized as surface diffusion and internal diffusion. Furthermore, based on the established mass transfer mechanism and diffusion model of the two distinct steps, the equilibrium constants and internal diffusion coefficients of CL, CD and CT are acquired. An industrial countercurrent extraction tower is further simulated. It is found that the extraction efficiency of CL can be significantly improved by increasing the temperature at the bottom portion of the tower. The elimination of CD, which can be greatly promoted by a high-concentration CL-water solution, is controlled by mass transfer resistance, whereas the removal of CL is mainly affected by the equilibrium.

Progress in Plasma Diagnostics and Physics Experiment

The development of eight new diagnostic systems and the improvement of the laser Thomson scattering system contributed to the experimental campaign on HL-2A in 2006. Besides, the accuracy and flexibility of the molecular beam injection （MBI） system was improved greatly by using the special driver and controller, it is more convenient for studies such as particle transport. In the field of plasma physics experiment, the features of 3-D GAM zonal flows were further studied and some signs of low frequency zonal flows were observed. In the ECRH experiments, the effects of ECRH on sawtooth activities and m/n= 1/1 mode were studied under different plasma discharge conditions. The effect of MBI during ECRH on plasma behavior, such as non-local heat transport, was also studied.

Dynamic action simulation system and preliminary experiments of coal seams and gas

In order to study the dynamic action and physical effects of coal seams and gas, a simulation system for this dynamic action was developed and a physical model built in our laboratory. Using this newly built model, the volume of coal outbursts and the temperature during the outburst process were studied. The results show that： l） for coal seams with similar structure and com- ponents, two factors, i.e., gas pressure and ground stress affect the volume of coal outbursts, with gas pressure being the more im- portant of the two and 2） the changes in coal temperature, both its increase and decrease, are affected by ground stress and gas pressure, it is a process of change. Preliminary tests show that the system can simulate the dynamic interaction of coal and gas, which is helpful for studying the dynamic mechanism of solid-gas coupling of gas and coal.

Lie-Form Invariance of the Nonholonomic System of Relative Motion in Event Space

In this paper, the Lie-form invariance of a nonholonomic system of relative motion in event space is studied. Firstly, the definition and the criterion of the Lie-form invariance of the nonholonomic system of relative motion in event space is given. Secondly, the Hojman conserved quantity and a new type of conserved quantity deduced from the Lie-form invariance are obtained. An example is given to illustrate the application of the results.

Simulation of the East Asian Subtropical Westerly Jet Stream with GFDL AGCM (AM2.1)

The present study validated the capability of the AM2.1,a model developed at NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL),in reproducing the fundamental features of the East Asian Subtropical Westerly Jet Stream (EASWJ).The main behaviors of the EASWJ are also investigated through the reanalysis of observational NCEP/NCAR data.The mean state of the EASWJ,including its intensity,location,structure,and seasonal evolution is generally well-portrayed in the model.Compared with the observation,the model tends to reproduce a weaker jet center.And,during summer,the simulated jet center is northward-situated.Results also demonstrate the model captures the variability of EASWJ during summer well.The results of the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) applied on the zonal wind at 200 hPa (U200) over East Asia for both the observation and simulation indicate an inter-decadal shift around the late 1970s.The correlation coefficient between the corresponding principle components is as great as 0.42 with significance at the 99% confidence level.

Modeled Influence of East Asian Black Carbon on Inter-Decadal Shifts in East China Summer Rainfall

Two inter-decadal shifts in East China summer rainfall during the last three decades of the 20th century have been identified.One shift occurred in the late 1970s and featured more rainfall in the Yangtze River valley and prolonged drought in North China.The other shift occurred in the early 1990s and featured increased rainfall in South China.The role of black carbon(BC) aerosol in the first shift event is controversial,and it has not been documented for the second event.In this study,the authors used Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's(GFDL's) atmospheric general circulation model known as Atmosphere and Land Model(AM2.1) ,which has been shown to capture East Asian climate variability well,to investigate these issues by conducting sensitive experiments with or without historical BC in East Asia. The results suggest that the model reproduces the first shift well,including intensified rainfall in the Yangtze River and weakened monsoonal circulation.However,the model captures only a fraction of the observed variations for the second shift event.Thus,the role of BC in modulating the two shift events is different,and its impact is relatively less important for the early 1990s event.

生态体验德育理论提高高中物理教学效能探索研究

生态体验德育理论以其独有的魅力帮助我们以全新的理念营造出适合提高师生人文素养,人格健康成长和有效学习物理学科知识的课堂情境与师生关系氛围,通过体验式干预设计,创设富有价值引领和智慧激发的生态体验之境,从根本上超越枯燥说教的传统课堂模式,提升高中物理教学效能,彰显物理课堂理性文化的亲近感和吸引力。成为帮助和调动学生主动参与高中物理课堂、吸引学生有效进行小组合作,主动体验和探究物理知识与技能的有效课堂教育模式,为高中物理新课改课堂设计增添了一道靓丽的色彩.

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Rock Block Stability Using a Remotely Positioned Laser Doppler Vibrometer

This paper examines a new method of evaluating the stability of a rock slope using a remotely positioned LDV （laser Doppler vibrometer）. We conducted an experiment using physical models and performed a numerical analysis to evaluate the new method. The physical model included： （l） concrete blocks on an artificial soil slope with two block sizes and three slopes; （2） concrete blocks bonded to the concrete base with different contact area. The LDV measurements agreed with conventional seismometer measurements. The dominant frequency of the blocks varied with the stability and dominant frequency and the amplitude varied with the block size. The numerical model was used to examine a concrete block adhered to a concrete base with different contact areas. The dominant frequency of the blocks determined using the numerical model agreed with those obtained from the physical experiments. We analyzed different sized blocks to examine the scaling effects. The dominant frequency of the blocks was inversely related to the block size. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of LDV for evaluating the stability of rock slopes and cleared the block size scaling effects.

Tropical Pacific Decadal Variability in Subsurface Temperature

The nature decadal variability of the equatorial Pacific subsurface temperature is examined in the control simulation with the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory coupled model CM2.1.The dominant mode of the subsurface temperature variations in the equator Pacific features a 20-40 year period and is North-South asymmetric about the equator.Decadal variations of the thermocline are most pronounced in the southwest of the Tropical Pacific.Decadal variation of the north-south asymmetric Sea Surface wind in the tropical Pacific,especially in the South Pacific Convergence,is the dominant mechanism of the nature decadal variation of the subsurface temperature in the equatorial Pacific.

Simulation experiment on anti-penetration capability of anchored rock mass

In order to solve the problem of experimental research on the penetration process of projectile into anchored rock mass, we derived the essential similarity conditions for the physical simulation experi- ment according to the similarity theory, carried out the experiment on the penetration process of a kind of penetrating bomb into the anchored rock mass of type III, and compared the experimental results with the values computed by the professional Young's empirical formula. The test results show that the phys- ical simulation experiment can represent the actual penetration process of projectile into anchored rock mass. The research method proposed in this paper provides technical support for the experimental research on the design and reconstruction of underground protection works.

The Effect of Bridging Liquid Surface Tension and Specific Surface Area on Strength Factor of Coal Agglomerates

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of bridging liquid surface tension and specific surface area on strength factor of coal agglomerates. The production of coal agglomerates of the range 15-27.51 mm was achieved. The crushing strength of the agglomerates was determined for good handling of fine （coal-liquid mixture） to improve fugitive dust control, decrease in transportation losses, reduce risk of coal freezing, lower risk of spontaneous combustion, etc. in iron and steel industries, railway corporations and coal corporations. Kerosene （paraffin oil） was used as a binder and the agglomerated coal oil mixture was pelletized using balling technique （disc）. Mechanical and physical tests like compressive strength test, etc. were carried out. The relationship between the bridging liquid surface tension and specific surface area on strength factor of coal agglomerates showed that there is considerable variation in these parameters in the coal powder systems.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY AGAINST rhTNF AND ITS CURATIVE EFFECTSON E.Coli INFECTED MICE

Fifteen hybridoma cell lines producing monoclonal antiboclies (McAb) against recombinant human tu-mor necrosis factor a (rhTNFa) have been established by fusing SP 2/0 cells with spleen cells from aBALB/c mouse immunized with rhTNFa. Following J M Davis’s Works, semi-solid medium was usedfor initial cloning. Five of them were studied further. Their main chromosome- numbers range were 96 to105, all of them were IgG1 subclass. The affinities of these McAbs were estimated to be 1. 25 ×108 mol/L, 1. 12×108 mol/L, 2. 34×108 mol/L, 8. 55 × 107 mol/L, 1. 04×108 mol/L, respectively.Two groups of mice challenging with E Coli (107 organisms), one group treated with 2mg/kg anti-TNF monoclonal antibody, the other did not. There was a higher survival rate in treated group, the serumTNF level was significantly lower too, and the untreated mice had severe pathologic changes in vlscera.

Progress of Jinping Underground laboratory for Nuclear Astrophysics(JUNA)

Jinping Underground laboratory for Nuclear Astrophysics(JUNA) will take the advantage of the ultra-low background of CJPL lab and high current accelerator based on an ECR source and a highly sensitive detector to directly study for the first time a number of crucial reactions occurring at their relevant stellar energies during the evolution of hydrostatic stars. In its first phase, JUNA aims at the direct measurements of^(25)Mg(p,γ)^(26)Al,^(19)F(p,α)^(16)O,^(13)C(α,n)^(16)O and ^(12)C(α,γ)^(16)O reactions. The experimental setup,which includes an accelerator system with high stability and high intensity, a detector system, and a shielding material with low background, will be established during the above research. The current progress of JUNA will be given.

A method of magnetosonic characteristics to correct the "rarefaction shocks" problem arising in ZEUS

ZEUS is a magnetohydrodynamics simulation code widely used in astrophysical research.However,it was recently found that the code may produce artificial shocks in the rarefaction region in some numerical tests since it is not upwinded in fast and slow waves.We propose a method of magnetosonic characteristics to evolve compressional waves.The tests indicate that this method cures the "rarefaction shocks" problem to a large extent and it also greatly reduces some post shock oscillations.