64例何纳综合征的临床分析

目的:探讨何纳综合征(Horner’s syndrome HS)的临床特点以及在神经病学和其它学科中诊断疾病的价值。方法:对我院收治的64例伴随或首发HS患者的临床特点、解剖及相关疾病作回顾性分析。结果:引起HS最常见的疾病为脑血管病(54.69%),后依次为颈椎病(17.19%)、脑干肿瘤(4.69%)、肺结核(4.69%)、脊髓空洞症(4.69%)、肺尖部Pancoast瘤(3.12%)、Arnold-Chiari畸形(3.12%)、纵隔淋巴瘤(3.12%)、颈肋(1.56%)、肠癌椎骨转移(1.56%)以及颈内动脉瘤(1.56%)。结论:HS在临床上对于疾病定性及定位诊断有十分重要的意义。

Residual elastic stress strain field and geometrically necessary dislocation density distribution around nano-indentation in TA15 titanium alloy

Nanoindentation and high resolution electron backscatter diffraction（EBSD） were combined to examine the elastic modulus and hardness of α and β phases,anisotropy in residual elastic stress strain fields and distributions of geometrically necessary dislocation（GND） density around the indentations within TA15 titanium alloy.The nano-indention tests were conducted on α and β phases,respectively.The residual stress strain fields surrounding the indentation were calculated through crosscorrelation method from recorded patterns.The GND density distribution around the indentation was calculated based on the strain gradient theories to reveal the micro-mechanism of plastic deformation.The results indicate that the elastic modulus and hardness for α p hase are 129.05 GPas and 6.44 GPa,while for β phase,their values are 109.80 GPa and 4.29 GPa,respectively.The residual Mises stress distribution around the indentation is relatively heterogeneous and significantly influenced by neighboring soft β phase.The region with low residual stress around the indentation is accompanied with markedly high a type and prismatic-GND density.

Morphologies of Core-Shell-Cylinder-Forming ABC Star Triblock Copolymers in Nanopores

The self-assembly behavior of ABC star triblock copolymers can lead to a large number of nanostructures. Indeed, many new and interesting structures have already been discovered and proven to be hotspot in soft matter physics research. In this work, we introduce different phase diagrams of core-shell-cylinder-forming ABC star triblock copolymers under different conditions, including in-bulk and pore geometries with different sizes. The relation between the pore size geometries and their corresponding structures are also revealed. The different properties of the surface potential field that significantly affect the self-assembly process of ABC star triblock copolymers are investigated as well.

Artificial Chiral Nanostructure at Oblique Incidence

We propose in this paper the design of artificial nanostructure chirality obtained by oblique illumination. This structure is based on anisotropic metamaterial having an optical activity induced by the special geometry of the pattern and the incident beam. Starting from a non-chiral material, the artificial chirality is obtained thanks to the rectangular apertures which form the periodic perfect metal nanostructure （one layer） and the oblique incidence of the light beam. An extraordinary light transmission （93%） through the metal nanostructure is achieved by exciting the cavity modes. The extrinsic chirality obtained can be granted to the desired value by appropriately adjusting the geometric parameters and the angle of incidence.

Surface effects on large deflection of nanowires

Surface effects play an important role in the mechanical behavior of nanosized structural elements owing to the increased ratio of surface area to volume. The surface effects on the large deflection of nanowires were considered. Both geometric nonlinearity in finite deformation and surface effects at nanoscale were taken into account to analyze the bending of nanowires subjected to a concentrated force. For simply supported beams and clamped-clamped beams, the influence of surface effects and geometric nonlinearity were discussed in detail. It is found that both surface effects and geometric nonlinearity tend to decrease the deflection of bending nanowires and thus increase the effective elastic modulus of nanowires. Surface effects yield the size dependent behavior of nanowires.

Morphological Research on Geometrical Scattering Waves of an Underwater Target

In this paper, a new method based on morphologic research named reconstruction cross-component removal （RCCR） is developed to analyze geometrical scattering waves of an underwater target. Combining the origin of the cross-component in Wigner-ViUe distribution, the highlight model of target echoes and time-frequency features of linear frequency-modulated signal can remove cross-components produced by multiple component signals in Wigner-Ville distribution and recover the auto-components of output signals. This method is used in experimental data processing, which can strengthen the real geometric highlights, and restrain the cross components. It is demonstrated that this method is helpful to analyze the geometrical scattering waves, providing an effective solution to underwater target detection and recognition.

Curved carbon nanotubes： From unique geometries to novel properties and peculiar applications

Incorporating pentagons and heptagons into the hexagonal networks of pristine carbon nanotubes （CNTs） can form various CNT-based nanostructures, as pentagons and heptagons will bend or twist the CNTs by introducing positive and negative curvature, respectively. Some typical so-made CNT-based nanostructures are reviewed in this article, including zero-dimensional toroidal CNTs, and one-dimensional kinked and coiled CNTs. Due to the presence of non-hexagonal rings and curved geometries, such nanostructures possess rather different structural, physical and chemical properties from their pristine CNT counterparts, which are reviewed comprehensively in this article. Additionally, their synthesis, modelling studies, and potential applications are discussed.

An approach to calculate surface effects of polyhedron nanocrystals and its application in silicon nanowires

A stretch-release strategy is proposed to analyze the problem of surface energy-induced stress fields in nanocrystals,which is resolved into a stretch sub-problem and a release sub-problem using the superposition principle.The surface effect of silicon nanowires with hexagonal cross-sections is analyzed by the proposed method.The severe stress concentration near the triple junctions of the wire surfaces and the large shear stress on the plane{111}is quantified,which provides a solid mechanical explanation for the kink phenomena in growth transition from direction〈111〉to〈112〉observed in experiments.Different from the conventional view of negligible surface effect for bulk material,we found that there exists a size-independent part of the surface effect on the stress in the order of tens or hundreds of mega Pascal,which corresponds to the stretch-induced biaxial stress in the surface layer and the shape influence of the geometry of nanocrystals.This size-independent part could well explain the size-independent kinking phenomenon during the growth of silicon nanowires.

An integrated nanocarbon–cellulose membrane for solid-state supercapacitors

In this work, we demonstrate the assembly of oxidised carbon nanohybrids(o CNHs) with a commercial cellulose membrane for solid-state supercapacitors. The o CNHs–cellulose membranes were prepared by filtering a water dispersion of o CNHs through the cellulose membrane. The o CNHs were derived from carbon nanotubes via a modified Hummer's method and contained both closed tubes and unzipped tubes, which indicated a hybrid geometrical structure. The solid-state supercapacitor based on the o CNHs–cellulose membranes showed a high areal capacitance of *75 m F/cm^2 at a low scan rate(5 m V/s)and excellent stability for 1,000 cycles.

Steiner minimal trees——the final destinations for lipid nanotube networks with three-way junctions

Through the combination of the minimum energy principle in physics and the Steiner minimal tree (SMT) theory in geometry,this paper proves a universal law for lipid nanotube networks (LNNs):at stable equilibrium state,the network of three-way lipid nanotube junctions is equivalent to a SMT.Besides,an arbitrary (usually non-equilibrium) network of lipid nanotube junctions may fission into a SMT through diffusions and dynamic self-organizations of lipid molecules.Potential applications of the law to the micromanipulations of LNNs are presented.

Quantum conductance of armchair carbon nanocoils: roles of geometry effects

Armchair carbon nanocoils (CNCs) with different geometric parameters are constructed and optimized using a tight-binding (TB) total energy model. The quantum conductance of these nanocoils is simulated employing a π-orbital TB model incorporated with the non-equilibrium Green's function theory. Compared with the perfect armchair carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and armchair CNTs with only Stone-Wales (SW) defects, the quantum conductance spectra of the armchair CNCs present distinct gaps around the Fermi level, which are mainly originated from the existence of sp3 carbon in the three-dimensional spiral structures. Moreover, the detailed conductance spectra of the armchair CNCs depend sensitively on their geometric parameters, such as tubular diameter and block-block distance.

Role of self-assembly in construction of inorganic nanostructural materials

Understanding the evolution process and formation mechanism of nanoscale structures is crucial to controllable synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials with well-defined geometries and unique functionalities. In addition to the conventional Ostwald ripening process, oriented aggregation has been recently found to be prevalent in nanocrystal growth. In this new mechanism, primary small nanocrystals firstly spontaneously aggregate in the manner of oriented attachment, and then the large crystalline materials are formed via the process of interparticle recrystallization. Furthermore, controllable fabrication of the ordered nanocrystal solid materials that has shown specific collective properties will promote the application of inorganic nanocrystal in devices. Therefore, investigation of the mechanism of oriented aggregation is essential to controllable synthesis of nanocrystals and ordered nanocrystal solid materials. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the preparation of nanocrystal materials, which are mostly focused on our work about the role of self-assembly in construction of inorganic nanostructural materials.