Although we have no clear picture of the life of Hanshan, a legendary TANG monk and in Collected Poems of Hanshan （Hanshan Sho＇i）, we can find either unclear ideas regarding his major thoughts or different ideologi...Although we have no clear picture of the life of Hanshan, a legendary TANG monk and in Collected Poems of Hanshan （Hanshan Sho＇i）, we can find either unclear ideas regarding his major thoughts or different ideologies from Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism. Hanshan poetry was broadly read by people belonging to various social statuses during the SONG Dynasty. His poetry was also frequently cited in Chan Buddhist literature of the period. Furthermore, SONG Chan Buddhist monks invited Hanshan into their own genealogy and regarded him as a ＂San Sheng＂ （a Free Sage）. Many Chan Buddhist monks of the SONG Dynasty used Hanshan poetry in various Chan Buddhist texts. Numerous Chan Buddhist monks even wrote so-called ＂ni Hanshan shi＂, which imitated Hanshan poetry as a kind of personal literary creation. It is understandable that when a monk imitated Hanshan poetry, he would simultaneously be both the reader and the creator of Hanshan poetry, and as we understand that every writer produces their works through their own cultural outlook, a newly-formed correlation occurred naturally between the original poetry and imitated poetry through the SONG Chan Buddhist monk＇s version. By observing this correlation, this paper will deeply analyze the dissemination and acceptance of Hanshan poetry, within Chan Buddhist society in the SONG Dynasty, as based on Chan Buddhist literature, in order to learn more about image creation and the recreation of Hanshan during the period展开更多
Theoretically, the Chinese-English dictionary （CED） is vitally important to the translation of Chinese classics into English（TOCCIE）. In reality, however, many CEDs in general use fail more or less to function as ...Theoretically, the Chinese-English dictionary （CED） is vitally important to the translation of Chinese classics into English（TOCCIE）. In reality, however, many CEDs in general use fail more or less to function as an indispensable aid in TOCCIE actions by offering either inadequate information or, more alarmingly, partial or even total misinformation in Chinese-civilization-specific entries that defy easy rendering. This paper attempts to illustrate this deplorable fact with a case study of the Buddhism-related entries （BILE） in three CEDs representative of state-of-the-art Chinese bilingual lexicography. The conclusion is that it is high time to substantially improve the CED as an important TOCCIE aid, so that a large-scale, systematic execution of TOCCIE, which seems befitting the global image of present-day China as a rising power not only politico-economically but also culturally, will be performed with greater facility.展开更多
文摘Although we have no clear picture of the life of Hanshan, a legendary TANG monk and in Collected Poems of Hanshan （Hanshan Sho＇i）, we can find either unclear ideas regarding his major thoughts or different ideologies from Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism. Hanshan poetry was broadly read by people belonging to various social statuses during the SONG Dynasty. His poetry was also frequently cited in Chan Buddhist literature of the period. Furthermore, SONG Chan Buddhist monks invited Hanshan into their own genealogy and regarded him as a ＂San Sheng＂ （a Free Sage）. Many Chan Buddhist monks of the SONG Dynasty used Hanshan poetry in various Chan Buddhist texts. Numerous Chan Buddhist monks even wrote so-called ＂ni Hanshan shi＂, which imitated Hanshan poetry as a kind of personal literary creation. It is understandable that when a monk imitated Hanshan poetry, he would simultaneously be both the reader and the creator of Hanshan poetry, and as we understand that every writer produces their works through their own cultural outlook, a newly-formed correlation occurred naturally between the original poetry and imitated poetry through the SONG Chan Buddhist monk＇s version. By observing this correlation, this paper will deeply analyze the dissemination and acceptance of Hanshan poetry, within Chan Buddhist society in the SONG Dynasty, as based on Chan Buddhist literature, in order to learn more about image creation and the recreation of Hanshan during the period
文摘Theoretically, the Chinese-English dictionary （CED） is vitally important to the translation of Chinese classics into English（TOCCIE）. In reality, however, many CEDs in general use fail more or less to function as an indispensable aid in TOCCIE actions by offering either inadequate information or, more alarmingly, partial or even total misinformation in Chinese-civilization-specific entries that defy easy rendering. This paper attempts to illustrate this deplorable fact with a case study of the Buddhism-related entries （BILE） in three CEDs representative of state-of-the-art Chinese bilingual lexicography. The conclusion is that it is high time to substantially improve the CED as an important TOCCIE aid, so that a large-scale, systematic execution of TOCCIE, which seems befitting the global image of present-day China as a rising power not only politico-economically but also culturally, will be performed with greater facility.
