With the urban expansion and economic restructuring, the jobs-housing relationship has become an important issue in studies on urban spatial structure. This paper employed a job accessibility model, which is an evalua...With the urban expansion and economic restructuring, the jobs-housing relationship has become an important issue in studies on urban spatial structure. This paper employed a job accessibility model, which is an evaluation instrument to measure the jobs-housing relationship in Beijing Metropolitan Area from a job accessibility perspective. The results indicate that the population in the central city is declining, whereas the population in the suburbs is consistently growing and forming new population centers. However, the distribution pattern of employment is still highly centralized. Job accessibility varies in different locations, but the inner-city areas(within the Third Ring road) have seen improved job accessibility over time while job accessibility in the suburbs(especially outside the Fourth Ring road) has decreased, and this has led it to become a primary area of residential and employment mismatch. At the same time, the new towns in the outer suburbs have not yet demonstrated great potential to attract more jobs. In addition we find that, to some extent, urban planning changes the jobs-housing relationship, but a polycentric urban spatial structure is not yet evident. The floating population and related housing policy also affect the jobs-housing relationship. We propose some measures to resolve the spatial mismatch as well as some future research directions.展开更多
Due to the fast changing competitive environment faced by organizations, companies are forced to find ways to quickly adapt to technological innovations, changing demands of customers, and strategic actions taken by c...Due to the fast changing competitive environment faced by organizations, companies are forced to find ways to quickly adapt to technological innovations, changing demands of customers, and strategic actions taken by competitors. The purpose of the paper is to further the relationship between top management team (TMT) strategic decision speed and firm performance, considering the team processes when making strategic decisions in the face of complex environments. Measures of TMT strategic decision speed, firm performance, team orientation, and environmental complexity were collected from 29 top management teams of Mexican companies, which represented a total of 118 questionnaires. Pearson correlations among the variables and moderated regression analyses were performed, to test the hypotheses included in the study. Results show a positive relation between environmental complexity and TMT strategic decision speed and between team orientation and speed. Furthermore, results show that there is a positive relation between TMT strategic decision speed and firm performance in the presence of team orientation. In other words, team orientation moderates the relationship between TMT strategic speed and firm performance. Among the implications for managers is that they must ensure effective team processes (e.g., building consensus, active participation, and trust among team members) when making strategic decisions in order for the firm to perform better.展开更多
The food industry is evolving more towards new forms of organization much more complex and characterized by a greater degree of coordination, whether in the form of vertical integration of explicit or implicit contrac...The food industry is evolving more towards new forms of organization much more complex and characterized by a greater degree of coordination, whether in the form of vertical integration of explicit or implicit contracts between players of different levels of the industry. Therefore, the aim of this work is the search for mechanisms that can provide value to the production phase to better increase competitiveness of the sector. For the first time, in fact, discussion about food chains have as reference a recognized legal entity, which is the integrated projects of food chain as a result of actions of agricultural policy at community, national and regional levels. The methodology is related to two steps: the administration of questionnaires to the three companies participating in food chain partnerships that have proposed a draft of integrated design of food chain in response to the notice of the Apulia region for the submission of the integrated projects of the food chain; and a cluster analysis in the wine sector of the Italian regions. The results showed, thanks to Network Analysis, the importance for the chain development of relationships formed by market relations and cooperation relations (formal and informal) and the need for more actions for the enhancement of products by research and development activities.展开更多
Prior studies commonly use an auditor's market share in an industry as a proxy for auditor industry expertise and find that audit quality is positively related to an audit partner's within-industry market share in a...Prior studies commonly use an auditor's market share in an industry as a proxy for auditor industry expertise and find that audit quality is positively related to an audit partner's within-industry market share in a voluntary audit partner rotation regime where the length of the client-partner relationship is not limited. Mandatory audit partner rotation, however, limits the length of the client-partner relationship and can artificially increase or decrease the market shares of incoming and departing partners, thus making the audit partner's within-industry market share an unreliable proxy for auditor industry expertise. Using a sample of banks in Taiwan, we find that audit quality is positively related to an audit partner's within-industry market share in the voluntary audit partner rotation regime. However, such a positive relation disappears in the mandatory audit partner rotation regime. Thus, we conclude that mandatory audit partner rotation decouples the link between an audit partner's within-industry market share and auditor industry expertise and caution researchers against using an audit partner's within-industry market share as a proxy for auditor industry expertise in a mandatory audit partner rotation regime.展开更多
Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Singapore in 1990, both the economic and political ties between the two countries have experienced a substantial growth. China-Singapore Suzhou Industr...Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Singapore in 1990, both the economic and political ties between the two countries have experienced a substantial growth. China-Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park, China-Singapore (Chongqing) Demonstrative Initiative on Strategic Connectivity, and the compatibility between Singapore ~ development strategy and China' s Belt and Road initiative are testimony to the ever-growing bilateral economic and trade links. The deepening and expanding economic and trade relations between China and Singapore enhance political mutual trust, propelling China's economic and industrial upgrading. At the same time, they exert a positive influence on the development of China-ASEAN relations and an effective implementation of the Belt and Road initiative in Southeast Asia.展开更多
This research currently investigates the severe situation of fierce competition for traditional small grocery stores in grocery retailing industry and the studies of corporate social responsibility (CSR) of small gr...This research currently investigates the severe situation of fierce competition for traditional small grocery stores in grocery retailing industry and the studies of corporate social responsibility (CSR) of small grocery retailing shops in Thailand. There are gaps in literatures: (1) Most of the researches try to study CSR for small- and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) business related to general society. Thus, no paper has studied CSR for a specific community, where the small grocery stores are located; and (2) Papers studying the relationship of marketing as the successful strategy for small grocery stores in competing among grocery retailing industry are scarce. Therefore, the author proposes a new variable---community responsibility and the model of the effects of community responsibility on the long-term performance, in order to reduce the serious problem. By testing the model with the survey data, the author finds that the effects of community responsibility of grocery stores (product) on the long-term relationship are strongly and positively significant. While the effects of community responsibility of grocery stores (environment) on the long-term relationship are not significant.展开更多
Over the last decade or so, private sector's financing through public-private partnerships (PPPs) has become increasingly popular as a way of procuring and maintaining public-sector infrastructure. Albania in the l...Over the last decade or so, private sector's financing through public-private partnerships (PPPs) has become increasingly popular as a way of procuring and maintaining public-sector infrastructure. Albania in the last few years had improved the legal frame so as to give the local authorities the right to initiate PPP projects. The local authorities have not built the expertise for such projects yet. The aim of this paper is to help the local authorities in Albania to support the building of the expertise for such projects. A financial model is used to make the required calculations for the bid at various phases of the project, although this paper is not intended to cover financial modeling in depth, the key inputs and outputs for the financial model are reviewed, including the financing costs. The model has to work within the constraints of: (I) the public authority's requirements for the PPP contract term and service fee profile; and (2) lenders' requirements for the term and payment profile of their debt.展开更多
The article continues thinking about prospective of human society. Is the healthy business environment a fiction or a real opportunity? How far-reaching are the roots of the future natural processes of changes? How ...The article continues thinking about prospective of human society. Is the healthy business environment a fiction or a real opportunity? How far-reaching are the roots of the future natural processes of changes? How to work with the current global economic models? Can the current European integration process be considered as natural? Is a weak state a new opportunity for a future strong economy? What is the historical essence of the liberal thought? Why the current economic models are not permanent, why are they not sustainable, and why are they not developing for the basic quantum, which is the man as an individual? Can also the basic quantum be integration units as family, society, company, municipality, region, country, or EU, etc.? Qualified answers to the questions can be seen in a theoretical context of the General Theory of the Sustainable Development (GTSD), too. Theoretical trinity of GTSD is based on three theoretical pillars: GPT (Gravitation Polarity Theory), QET (Quantum Economy Theory), and BIT (Big Integration Theory). They can be considered as relevant theoretical basics for historical, current, and future sustainable development process. The healthy business environment is based on the healing of man. In GTSD, businessman and man gain a new source of knowledge, a new natural relationship, and a new content. This is a responsibility towards the customer and towards the pa^ner in business. Businessman's profit speaks about a new business in natural partnerships. Sustainable development without the Groove Management (second generation management) and without the fourth Reformation (with second generation of innovation) is a process that only reflects the regressive trend that takes place for more than 6000 years. Without the new content of the Fifth Theoretical Dimension (Consciousness) the historical mainstream of sustainable development process cannot be grasped. The biggest risk for the expected Healthy business society is a contemporary slave communism and contemporary crazy capitalism. Feasibility of business models of healthy business doing societies stands not only on adequate theoretical basis, but also on predicted cannibalism between slave communism and crazy capitalism. The biggest current risk of healthy business environment is a political arbitrariness, the desire for power, and the desire for money----corruption.展开更多
Concessions and technical assistance, described in this article, are historical examples of private-public partnership, which appeared in the industrial era. Even in homogeneous economic, political and legal systems, ...Concessions and technical assistance, described in this article, are historical examples of private-public partnership, which appeared in the industrial era. Even in homogeneous economic, political and legal systems, the business and state co-operation does not always reach harmony and consensus. Here, the researchers observe more complicated, contradictory and sometimes tense relations between the Soviet state institutions and the Western, particularly American companies, who participated in economic modernization of post-revolutionary Russia, initiated by its leadership. After termination of the New Economic Policy (NEP) (Dziewanowski, 1989, pp. 129-137, 155), and taking foreign concessions back to the state by the beginning of 1930s, the Soviet Union was preparing to become, in a few years, a high-rank industrial power. Giant American steel-making mills, automobile and tractor factories, assembling lines, oil-extracting, and oil-cracking installations, etc. attracted Soviet political leaders, "red directors" and engineers as the best examples to follow up. They were going to accomplish their plans by means of wide technological transfer: ordering and purchasing factory designs, patents and know-how, training Russian workers and technicians both abroad and at the Soviet constructions sites by placing them under supervision of contracted foreign specialists. However, the adoption of machinery and technologies without due organization and chains of supply diminished and distorted expected results.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41271132)
文摘With the urban expansion and economic restructuring, the jobs-housing relationship has become an important issue in studies on urban spatial structure. This paper employed a job accessibility model, which is an evaluation instrument to measure the jobs-housing relationship in Beijing Metropolitan Area from a job accessibility perspective. The results indicate that the population in the central city is declining, whereas the population in the suburbs is consistently growing and forming new population centers. However, the distribution pattern of employment is still highly centralized. Job accessibility varies in different locations, but the inner-city areas(within the Third Ring road) have seen improved job accessibility over time while job accessibility in the suburbs(especially outside the Fourth Ring road) has decreased, and this has led it to become a primary area of residential and employment mismatch. At the same time, the new towns in the outer suburbs have not yet demonstrated great potential to attract more jobs. In addition we find that, to some extent, urban planning changes the jobs-housing relationship, but a polycentric urban spatial structure is not yet evident. The floating population and related housing policy also affect the jobs-housing relationship. We propose some measures to resolve the spatial mismatch as well as some future research directions.
文摘Due to the fast changing competitive environment faced by organizations, companies are forced to find ways to quickly adapt to technological innovations, changing demands of customers, and strategic actions taken by competitors. The purpose of the paper is to further the relationship between top management team (TMT) strategic decision speed and firm performance, considering the team processes when making strategic decisions in the face of complex environments. Measures of TMT strategic decision speed, firm performance, team orientation, and environmental complexity were collected from 29 top management teams of Mexican companies, which represented a total of 118 questionnaires. Pearson correlations among the variables and moderated regression analyses were performed, to test the hypotheses included in the study. Results show a positive relation between environmental complexity and TMT strategic decision speed and between team orientation and speed. Furthermore, results show that there is a positive relation between TMT strategic decision speed and firm performance in the presence of team orientation. In other words, team orientation moderates the relationship between TMT strategic speed and firm performance. Among the implications for managers is that they must ensure effective team processes (e.g., building consensus, active participation, and trust among team members) when making strategic decisions in order for the firm to perform better.
文摘The food industry is evolving more towards new forms of organization much more complex and characterized by a greater degree of coordination, whether in the form of vertical integration of explicit or implicit contracts between players of different levels of the industry. Therefore, the aim of this work is the search for mechanisms that can provide value to the production phase to better increase competitiveness of the sector. For the first time, in fact, discussion about food chains have as reference a recognized legal entity, which is the integrated projects of food chain as a result of actions of agricultural policy at community, national and regional levels. The methodology is related to two steps: the administration of questionnaires to the three companies participating in food chain partnerships that have proposed a draft of integrated design of food chain in response to the notice of the Apulia region for the submission of the integrated projects of the food chain; and a cluster analysis in the wine sector of the Italian regions. The results showed, thanks to Network Analysis, the importance for the chain development of relationships formed by market relations and cooperation relations (formal and informal) and the need for more actions for the enhancement of products by research and development activities.
文摘Prior studies commonly use an auditor's market share in an industry as a proxy for auditor industry expertise and find that audit quality is positively related to an audit partner's within-industry market share in a voluntary audit partner rotation regime where the length of the client-partner relationship is not limited. Mandatory audit partner rotation, however, limits the length of the client-partner relationship and can artificially increase or decrease the market shares of incoming and departing partners, thus making the audit partner's within-industry market share an unreliable proxy for auditor industry expertise. Using a sample of banks in Taiwan, we find that audit quality is positively related to an audit partner's within-industry market share in the voluntary audit partner rotation regime. However, such a positive relation disappears in the mandatory audit partner rotation regime. Thus, we conclude that mandatory audit partner rotation decouples the link between an audit partner's within-industry market share and auditor industry expertise and caution researchers against using an audit partner's within-industry market share as a proxy for auditor industry expertise in a mandatory audit partner rotation regime.
文摘Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Singapore in 1990, both the economic and political ties between the two countries have experienced a substantial growth. China-Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park, China-Singapore (Chongqing) Demonstrative Initiative on Strategic Connectivity, and the compatibility between Singapore ~ development strategy and China' s Belt and Road initiative are testimony to the ever-growing bilateral economic and trade links. The deepening and expanding economic and trade relations between China and Singapore enhance political mutual trust, propelling China's economic and industrial upgrading. At the same time, they exert a positive influence on the development of China-ASEAN relations and an effective implementation of the Belt and Road initiative in Southeast Asia.
文摘This research currently investigates the severe situation of fierce competition for traditional small grocery stores in grocery retailing industry and the studies of corporate social responsibility (CSR) of small grocery retailing shops in Thailand. There are gaps in literatures: (1) Most of the researches try to study CSR for small- and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) business related to general society. Thus, no paper has studied CSR for a specific community, where the small grocery stores are located; and (2) Papers studying the relationship of marketing as the successful strategy for small grocery stores in competing among grocery retailing industry are scarce. Therefore, the author proposes a new variable---community responsibility and the model of the effects of community responsibility on the long-term performance, in order to reduce the serious problem. By testing the model with the survey data, the author finds that the effects of community responsibility of grocery stores (product) on the long-term relationship are strongly and positively significant. While the effects of community responsibility of grocery stores (environment) on the long-term relationship are not significant.
文摘Over the last decade or so, private sector's financing through public-private partnerships (PPPs) has become increasingly popular as a way of procuring and maintaining public-sector infrastructure. Albania in the last few years had improved the legal frame so as to give the local authorities the right to initiate PPP projects. The local authorities have not built the expertise for such projects yet. The aim of this paper is to help the local authorities in Albania to support the building of the expertise for such projects. A financial model is used to make the required calculations for the bid at various phases of the project, although this paper is not intended to cover financial modeling in depth, the key inputs and outputs for the financial model are reviewed, including the financing costs. The model has to work within the constraints of: (I) the public authority's requirements for the PPP contract term and service fee profile; and (2) lenders' requirements for the term and payment profile of their debt.
文摘The article continues thinking about prospective of human society. Is the healthy business environment a fiction or a real opportunity? How far-reaching are the roots of the future natural processes of changes? How to work with the current global economic models? Can the current European integration process be considered as natural? Is a weak state a new opportunity for a future strong economy? What is the historical essence of the liberal thought? Why the current economic models are not permanent, why are they not sustainable, and why are they not developing for the basic quantum, which is the man as an individual? Can also the basic quantum be integration units as family, society, company, municipality, region, country, or EU, etc.? Qualified answers to the questions can be seen in a theoretical context of the General Theory of the Sustainable Development (GTSD), too. Theoretical trinity of GTSD is based on three theoretical pillars: GPT (Gravitation Polarity Theory), QET (Quantum Economy Theory), and BIT (Big Integration Theory). They can be considered as relevant theoretical basics for historical, current, and future sustainable development process. The healthy business environment is based on the healing of man. In GTSD, businessman and man gain a new source of knowledge, a new natural relationship, and a new content. This is a responsibility towards the customer and towards the pa^ner in business. Businessman's profit speaks about a new business in natural partnerships. Sustainable development without the Groove Management (second generation management) and without the fourth Reformation (with second generation of innovation) is a process that only reflects the regressive trend that takes place for more than 6000 years. Without the new content of the Fifth Theoretical Dimension (Consciousness) the historical mainstream of sustainable development process cannot be grasped. The biggest risk for the expected Healthy business society is a contemporary slave communism and contemporary crazy capitalism. Feasibility of business models of healthy business doing societies stands not only on adequate theoretical basis, but also on predicted cannibalism between slave communism and crazy capitalism. The biggest current risk of healthy business environment is a political arbitrariness, the desire for power, and the desire for money----corruption.
文摘Concessions and technical assistance, described in this article, are historical examples of private-public partnership, which appeared in the industrial era. Even in homogeneous economic, political and legal systems, the business and state co-operation does not always reach harmony and consensus. Here, the researchers observe more complicated, contradictory and sometimes tense relations between the Soviet state institutions and the Western, particularly American companies, who participated in economic modernization of post-revolutionary Russia, initiated by its leadership. After termination of the New Economic Policy (NEP) (Dziewanowski, 1989, pp. 129-137, 155), and taking foreign concessions back to the state by the beginning of 1930s, the Soviet Union was preparing to become, in a few years, a high-rank industrial power. Giant American steel-making mills, automobile and tractor factories, assembling lines, oil-extracting, and oil-cracking installations, etc. attracted Soviet political leaders, "red directors" and engineers as the best examples to follow up. They were going to accomplish their plans by means of wide technological transfer: ordering and purchasing factory designs, patents and know-how, training Russian workers and technicians both abroad and at the Soviet constructions sites by placing them under supervision of contracted foreign specialists. However, the adoption of machinery and technologies without due organization and chains of supply diminished and distorted expected results.