网络计划法中作业间逻辑关系的自动确定问题

针对作业具有重复特征的一类工程项目 ,提出了作业间逻辑关系的自动确定问题 ,并给出了确定作业间逻辑关系的搜索算法。

基于作业成本法和径向基网络的参数成本评估

为了在产品设计阶段获得准确的成本评估信息,根据目前参数成本评估对成本形成原因不能识别和反馈控制、对产品生产耗用资源的市场价格变动考虑不够充分的缺陷,依据作业成本法“产品消耗作业、作业消耗资源”的思想,建立了从产品属性确认开始,经过作业动因、资源动因再到作业成本、产品成本的成本评估模型。运用径向基函数神经网络构建了作业评估关系,并进行了案例分析。

基于作业成本法的参数成本评估

成本评估对于新产品开发有着重要意义。指出了目前参数成本评估对成本形成原因不能识别和反馈控制,对产品生产耗用资源的市场价格变动考虑不够充分的缺陷。依据作业成本法“产品消耗作业,作业消耗资源”的思想,从逻辑维、数据维、时间维三个维度建立了基于作业成本法的参数成本评估模型,并给出了运用质量屋确定主要评估参数的方法。运用径向基函数神经网络构建了作业评估关系(AER),并进行了案例分析。

制图作业浅谈

制图课的主要任务是培养学生具有一定的绘图、看图能力.课程的实践性很强.这就确定了制图课的作业在教学中占有重要的地位.本文谈六个与搞好制图课作业关系十分密切的问题.一、作业的要求和内容通过完成作业,应使学生具有:表达形体的能力;标注尺寸、技术要求的能力,运用基本规则和规定画法的能力;徒手和使用绘图工具、仪器作图的能力;认真负责的工作态度和一丝不苟的工作作风.用这几条要求作为干线,把各次作业贯穿连接起来.一次作业就相当于干线中的一段.由于学生每项能力的形成要靠完成一系列的作业来实现,所以每次作业都是很重要的.它既要有新的内容,又要巩固旧的知识,为学习后续内容打好基础.这样,学生的各项能力才能连续地、逐步地得到提高.

面向用户的网络计划技术分析

现有的网络计划软件 ,在大型项目中的使用显得有些不便 ,尤其是作业和作业关系的输入方法。文中在分析了人类思维特点的基础上 ,提出了新型的作业和作业关系输入方法。由专业人员根据项目的工艺流程 ,把项目分解成若干作业。对于复杂项目 ,可以分层次分解作业。确定作业名称、作业周期 ,确定作业关系 ,并成对输入作业关系。检查并排除作业关系中可能存在的回路问题。根据网络计划技术的基本原理 ,进行作业时间计算。该方法非常直观 ,作业输入无先后次序要求 ,也不要求用户事先统计每一个作业的所有紧前作业或所有紧后作业。

浅析画网络草图应注意的几个问题

文章在指出画网络草图的重要性的基础上,总结并分析了画网络草图应注意的几个关键问题。

管理人机学理论初探

本文提出管理人机学具有两重性的概念，并由此出发，首次从关系学角度构思该学科；强调该学科以作业关系学原则为主线；归纳了作业系统存在七对基本人机关系及16条人机协调总则，建议沿着总则细化的思路来展示学科内容。

商务过程的形式化:述评

介绍从信息技术理论角度看商务过程（“geschaeft－process”）的系统形式化。强调指出了商务过程形式化对于利用自动化优化手段改进其管理的作用。指出迄今已提出了为数众多的商务过程形式化方案。本文提出的形式化出发点是，作为它的基础必须包括生产客体及其转换以及与环境的相互关系。介绍了商务过程语义形式化模型。指出根据DIN662M标准，过程系指物质客体、能源与信息的改变与转化。引入了客体（生产、商务）、用于客体转化的股票状况概念。这样客体就由状况、股票、转化所表征。同时，使用如下假设：客体的准确原始状况可以记录下来，客体的转换目标也可以鉴别，商务过程的转化技已知的规则进行，商务过程的性质取决于初始与最终状态。介绍了商务结构、生产因素、周围环境对商务过程影响评估的作法。产生了这样一些概念：局部过程、任务载体、商务过程的输入输出。分析了工作手段、时间、逻辑、空间与作业关系等概念。列一综合表介绍商务过程形式化概念与关键因素：结构化、可变性、推动力、信息量。

Evolution of Jobs-housing Spatial Relationship in Beijing Metropolitan Area:A Job Accessibility Perspective

With the urban expansion and economic restructuring, the jobs-housing relationship has become an important issue in studies on urban spatial structure. This paper employed a job accessibility model, which is an evaluation instrument to measure the jobs-housing relationship in Beijing Metropolitan Area from a job accessibility perspective. The results indicate that the population in the central city is declining, whereas the population in the suburbs is consistently growing and forming new population centers. However, the distribution pattern of employment is still highly centralized. Job accessibility varies in different locations, but the inner-city areas(within the Third Ring road) have seen improved job accessibility over time while job accessibility in the suburbs(especially outside the Fourth Ring road) has decreased, and this has led it to become a primary area of residential and employment mismatch. At the same time, the new towns in the outer suburbs have not yet demonstrated great potential to attract more jobs. In addition we find that, to some extent, urban planning changes the jobs-housing relationship, but a polycentric urban spatial structure is not yet evident. The floating population and related housing policy also affect the jobs-housing relationship. We propose some measures to resolve the spatial mismatch as well as some future research directions.

基于SLP的食堂布置设计优化

基于系统化布置设计SLP原理,以某高校食堂设施布置为例,分析其物流和非物流关系,作出各作业单位相互关系图和作业单位位置相关图。再设计出新的布置方案,达到食堂布置优化设计的目的。

The Moderating Effect of Team Orientation Over the Relationship Between TMT Strategic Decision Speed and Firm Performance

Due to the fast changing competitive environment faced by organizations, companies are forced to find ways to quickly adapt to technological innovations, changing demands of customers, and strategic actions taken by competitors. The purpose of the paper is to further the relationship between top management team （TMT） strategic decision speed and firm performance, considering the team processes when making strategic decisions in the face of complex environments. Measures of TMT strategic decision speed, firm performance, team orientation, and environmental complexity were collected from 29 top management teams of Mexican companies, which represented a total of 118 questionnaires. Pearson correlations among the variables and moderated regression analyses were performed, to test the hypotheses included in the study. Results show a positive relation between environmental complexity and TMT strategic decision speed and between team orientation and speed. Furthermore, results show that there is a positive relation between TMT strategic decision speed and firm performance in the presence of team orientation. In other words, team orientation moderates the relationship between TMT strategic speed and firm performance. Among the implications for managers is that they must ensure effective team processes （e.g., building consensus, active participation, and trust among team members） when making strategic decisions in order for the firm to perform better.

The Wine Chain in Puglia： A Cluster Analysis

The food industry is evolving more towards new forms of organization much more complex and characterized by a greater degree of coordination, whether in the form of vertical integration of explicit or implicit contracts between players of different levels of the industry. Therefore, the aim of this work is the search for mechanisms that can provide value to the production phase to better increase competitiveness of the sector. For the first time, in fact, discussion about food chains have as reference a recognized legal entity, which is the integrated projects of food chain as a result of actions of agricultural policy at community, national and regional levels. The methodology is related to two steps： the administration of questionnaires to the three companies participating in food chain partnerships that have proposed a draft of integrated design of food chain in response to the notice of the Apulia region for the submission of the integrated projects of the food chain; and a cluster analysis in the wine sector of the Italian regions. The results showed, thanks to Network Analysis, the importance for the chain development of relationships formed by market relations and cooperation relations （formal and informal） and the need for more actions for the enhancement of products by research and development activities.

Does an Auditor＇s Within-Industry Market Share Still Capture Auditor Industry Expertise in a Mandatory Audit Partner Rotation Regime？

Prior studies commonly use an auditor＇s market share in an industry as a proxy for auditor industry expertise and find that audit quality is positively related to an audit partner＇s within-industry market share in a voluntary audit partner rotation regime where the length of the client-partner relationship is not limited. Mandatory audit partner rotation, however, limits the length of the client-partner relationship and can artificially increase or decrease the market shares of incoming and departing partners, thus making the audit partner＇s within-industry market share an unreliable proxy for auditor industry expertise. Using a sample of banks in Taiwan, we find that audit quality is positively related to an audit partner＇s within-industry market share in the voluntary audit partner rotation regime. However, such a positive relation disappears in the mandatory audit partner rotation regime. Thus, we conclude that mandatory audit partner rotation decouples the link between an audit partner＇s within-industry market share and auditor industry expertise and caution researchers against using an audit partner＇s within-industry market share as a proxy for auditor industry expertise in a mandatory audit partner rotation regime.

China-Singapore Intergovernmental Cooperation and Economic and Trade Relations

Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Singapore in 1990, both the economic and political ties between the two countries have experienced a substantial growth. China-Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park, China-Singapore （Chongqing） Demonstrative Initiative on Strategic Connectivity, and the compatibility between Singapore ~ development strategy and China＇ s Belt and Road initiative are testimony to the ever-growing bilateral economic and trade links. The deepening and expanding economic and trade relations between China and Singapore enhance political mutual trust, propelling China＇s economic and industrial upgrading. At the same time, they exert a positive influence on the development of China-ASEAN relations and an effective implementation of the Belt and Road initiative in Southeast Asia.

The Effects of Community Responsibility on the Long-Term Performance of Small Grocery Store Industry in Thailand

This research currently investigates the severe situation of fierce competition for traditional small grocery stores in grocery retailing industry and the studies of corporate social responsibility （CSR） of small grocery retailing shops in Thailand. There are gaps in literatures： （1） Most of the researches try to study CSR for small- and medium-size enterprises （SMEs） business related to general society. Thus, no paper has studied CSR for a specific community, where the small grocery stores are located; and （2） Papers studying the relationship of marketing as the successful strategy for small grocery stores in competing among grocery retailing industry are scarce. Therefore, the author proposes a new variable---community responsibility and the model of the effects of community responsibility on the long-term performance, in order to reduce the serious problem. By testing the model with the survey data, the author finds that the effects of community responsibility of grocery stores （product） on the long-term relationship are strongly and positively significant. While the effects of community responsibility of grocery stores （environment） on the long-term relationship are not significant.

Financial Model of a PPP Project

Over the last decade or so, private sector＇s financing through public-private partnerships （PPPs） has become increasingly popular as a way of procuring and maintaining public-sector infrastructure. Albania in the last few years had improved the legal frame so as to give the local authorities the right to initiate PPP projects. The local authorities have not built the expertise for such projects yet. The aim of this paper is to help the local authorities in Albania to support the building of the expertise for such projects. A financial model is used to make the required calculations for the bid at various phases of the project, although this paper is not intended to cover financial modeling in depth, the key inputs and outputs for the financial model are reviewed, including the financing costs. The model has to work within the constraints of： （I） the public authority＇s requirements for the PPP contract term and service fee profile; and （2） lenders＇ requirements for the term and payment profile of their debt.

Healthy Business Environment According to the General Theory of Sustainable Development

The article continues thinking about prospective of human society. Is the healthy business environment a fiction or a real opportunity？ How far-reaching are the roots of the future natural processes of changes？ How to work with the current global economic models？ Can the current European integration process be considered as natural？ Is a weak state a new opportunity for a future strong economy？ What is the historical essence of the liberal thought？ Why the current economic models are not permanent, why are they not sustainable, and why are they not developing for the basic quantum, which is the man as an individual？ Can also the basic quantum be integration units as family, society, company, municipality, region, country, or EU, etc.？ Qualified answers to the questions can be seen in a theoretical context of the General Theory of the Sustainable Development （GTSD）, too. Theoretical trinity of GTSD is based on three theoretical pillars： GPT （Gravitation Polarity Theory）, QET （Quantum Economy Theory）, and BIT （Big Integration Theory）. They can be considered as relevant theoretical basics for historical, current, and future sustainable development process. The healthy business environment is based on the healing of man. In GTSD, businessman and man gain a new source of knowledge, a new natural relationship, and a new content. This is a responsibility towards the customer and towards the pa^ner in business. Businessman＇s profit speaks about a new business in natural partnerships. Sustainable development without the Groove Management （second generation management） and without the fourth Reformation （with second generation of innovation） is a process that only reflects the regressive trend that takes place for more than 6000 years. Without the new content of the Fifth Theoretical Dimension （Consciousness） the historical mainstream of sustainable development process cannot be grasped. The biggest risk for the expected Healthy business society is a contemporary slave communism and contemporary crazy capitalism. Feasibility of business models of healthy business doing societies stands not only on adequate theoretical basis, but also on predicted cannibalism between slave communism and crazy capitalism. The biggest current risk of healthy business environment is a political arbitrariness, the desire for power, and the desire for money----corruption.

The Soviet and American Business： Unique Examples of Economic Collaboration, 1920s- 1930s

Concessions and technical assistance, described in this article, are historical examples of private-public partnership, which appeared in the industrial era. Even in homogeneous economic, political and legal systems, the business and state co-operation does not always reach harmony and consensus. Here, the researchers observe more complicated, contradictory and sometimes tense relations between the Soviet state institutions and the Western, particularly American companies, who participated in economic modernization of post-revolutionary Russia, initiated by its leadership. After termination of the New Economic Policy （NEP） （Dziewanowski, 1989, pp. 129-137, 155）, and taking foreign concessions back to the state by the beginning of 1930s, the Soviet Union was preparing to become, in a few years, a high-rank industrial power. Giant American steel-making mills, automobile and tractor factories, assembling lines, oil-extracting, and oil-cracking installations, etc. attracted Soviet political leaders, ＂red directors＂ and engineers as the best examples to follow up. They were going to accomplish their plans by means of wide technological transfer： ordering and purchasing factory designs, patents and know-how, training Russian workers and technicians both abroad and at the Soviet constructions sites by placing them under supervision of contracted foreign specialists. However, the adoption of machinery and technologies without due organization and chains of supply diminished and distorted expected results.

系统布置设计在生产系统优化中的应用

基于系统布置设计SLP原理,以X企业新厂房布置设计为例,应用物流相关图和作业单位相互关系图分析系统内部物流关系和非物流关系,形成作业单位综合相互关系图,设计两个可行的布置方案。从物流效率、空间利用率、管理方便性、可扩展性等方面,对两个方案进行比较研究,得出最优方案,从而提高了该企业物流运作效率,达到生产系统优化的目的。