Chinese agriculture is confronted with more challenges globally after en- tering WTO and it is necessary to improve agricultural cooperatives which play an important role in marketing. In the research, the significanc...Chinese agriculture is confronted with more challenges globally after en- tering WTO and it is necessary to improve agricultural cooperatives which play an important role in marketing. In the research, the significance, progress, problems of professional tobacco cooperative and the evolvement direction were explored based on existing issues of its role in monopsony markets of agricultural product and the development.展开更多
The article deals with the built experience by the CESP （Sao Paulo＇s Electricity Company） in Urubupunga Complex, during 1950s and 1960s, with concomitant construction of urban centers--an provisional in Jupih and a...The article deals with the built experience by the CESP （Sao Paulo＇s Electricity Company） in Urubupunga Complex, during 1950s and 1960s, with concomitant construction of urban centers--an provisional in Jupih and another permanent in llha Solteira--with accommodation for singles, working villages and residences for technicians and engineers. The city of Ilha Solteira implanted permanently was an intermediate form of organization between the camp of Jupia and the structure of a city, with a slightly more open community in which the citizens were still quite protected by the company. This study aims to describe the planning and the process of opening the core of Ilha Solteira, through non participant observation field work and research literature on the topic of its conversion into town and the attempt to create a pole of development for the region through their characteristic urban design plan： linear city and radio concentric city. However, the transformation of Ilha Solteira on a city in the early 1980s happened in the crisis of developmentalism and authoritarianism, in a time when the CESP no longer wished to transform Ilha Solteira in pole of regional development, but in a city able to stand alone, because their maintenance costs become prohibitive.展开更多
A discrete-event system simulation and animation program was developed to enhance the efficiency of a truck-excavator operation and reduce the environmental impact of haulage in an open-cut coal mine with multiple-pit...A discrete-event system simulation and animation program was developed to enhance the efficiency of a truck-excavator operation and reduce the environmental impact of haulage in an open-cut coal mine with multiple-pit operations. In any mine, a key objective is to have sufficient equipment for production and not to have excess to where it becomes counterproductive. Due to the advent of responsible mining,environmental regulations, and eco-friendly practices, these factors must also be considered in the analysis. Simulation studies can be financially advantageous for both the optimization of existing mine operations and new development phases in a mine. This study is a new approach to use discrete-event system simulation for mine systems, in order to investigate and possibly reduce environmental impact considering mining haulage performance and production target. A hypothetical layout of a surface coal mine with two pit operations was used for the simulation and animation model. The simulation model includes the animation of the operation. Animation is helpful to enhance the benefit of a mine simulation model. GPSS/Hòand Proof Professionalòwere the software used for the investigation.展开更多
Heavy-medium cyclones are widely used to upgrade run-of-mine coal.But the understanding of flow in a cyclone containing a dense medium is still incomplete.By introducing turbulent diffusion into calculations of centri...Heavy-medium cyclones are widely used to upgrade run-of-mine coal.But the understanding of flow in a cyclone containing a dense medium is still incomplete.By introducing turbulent diffusion into calculations of centrifugal settling a theoretical distribution function giving the density field can be deduced.Qualitative analysis of the density field in every part of a cylindrical cyclone suggests an optimum design that has exhibited good separation effectiveness and anti-wear performance when in commercial operation.展开更多
From the measurement of liquid flow field on a large plate by a hot-film anemometer, three different regions on the large plate were presented, including a liquid circulation area near the inlet down-comer, a region w...From the measurement of liquid flow field on a large plate by a hot-film anemometer, three different regions on the large plate were presented, including a liquid circulation area near the inlet down-comer, a region with very slow moving or stagnant liquid on the side of the tray and an active flow region at the center of the plate. According to the contribution of the three regions, the tray efficiency for large plates was proposed. The prediction plate efficiency by the present model are compared with the experimental data in the literature and those calculated by other models. It is shown that the present model is more accurate for prediction of efficiency of large plates, and the calculation is simpler.展开更多
By using 3s technology, the dynamic crop information system can be developed to meet the needs of sharing the agriculture information in Shaanxi Province. The dynamic crop information system can realize the query of c...By using 3s technology, the dynamic crop information system can be developed to meet the needs of sharing the agriculture information in Shaanxi Province. The dynamic crop information system can realize the query of crop information attribute and space, and the automatic acquirement, dynamic distribution and classification analysis of crop information. In this way, the whole process of real-time management of agricultural product with information and visualization can be carried out, which is to improve the level of agriculture information management automation in Shaanxi Province.展开更多
Analyzing the education resource construction and management from knowledge management perspective is the hot spot and focus of current education research. We make the knowledge management concept of knowledge acquisi...Analyzing the education resource construction and management from knowledge management perspective is the hot spot and focus of current education research. We make the knowledge management concept of knowledge acquisition, knowledge application and knowledge creation as the core throughuot the whole process of homework management activities to realize the optimization of homework management process. It mainly illustrates the sharing design and application of homework digitization resources. The sharing and application of homework digitization resources will promote the accumulation of teaching knowledge, which has a guiding research significance for promoting the use of educational resources, the application of education knowledge and the virtuous cycle of transformation and accumulation.展开更多
the enactment of Planning for Modem Vocational Education System （2014-2020） [[2014] No. 6 of MOE] declares the development of vocational education in China has entered a new historical stage. The development of voca...the enactment of Planning for Modem Vocational Education System （2014-2020） [[2014] No. 6 of MOE] declares the development of vocational education in China has entered a new historical stage. The development of vocational education, after being elevated to the level of national strategy, will inevitably imply that the existing resources for vocational education must be effectively integrated. To improve the quality of vocational educational institutions, enhance social service levels of vocational institutions and provide smooth career paths for professional talents, are the main goal of vocational education in the future. Since innovative education system for vocational institutions is the inevitabl choice to achieve the above development goal, to innovate the educational system by way of cooperative building of vocational education platforms is the inevitable requirement upon the development of vocational education.展开更多
In Africa, donkeys have significant contribution in traction operation, but there is little research related to workload and their welfare. The objective of this work was to examine the effect of various loads on donk...In Africa, donkeys have significant contribution in traction operation, but there is little research related to workload and their welfare. The objective of this work was to examine the effect of various loads on donkeys＇ physiological and behavioural responses to evaluate welfare. Donkeys weighing of 132-172 kg （159 ± 11 kg） and totally 20 were used for the experiment. The experimental design included two wheeled cart × seven load class （an increment of 100 kg） with five repetitions each, and the travelled distance was 2 km. Travelled time, behavioural occurrences and physiological responses were recorded. Statistical analysis was conducted using SAS （version 9.4） software programme. When loads were 500-700 kg, heavy and rapid panting and falling down occurred frequently. When loads increased successively and reached 500, 600 and 700 kg, speed started declining from 3.68 km/hto 3.5, 2.94 and 2.54 krn/h, respectively, indicating that speed and applied loads are inversely correlated （P 〈 0.001）. Heart rate was 129 ± 11 bpm at 700 kg, and in respect to resting state, donkeys＇ heart rate elevated by a factor of up to 3. As the load exceeded 400 kg, the speed declined significantly, and behavioural occurrences like heavy panting and falling down confirmed this. This leads to the conclusion that donkeys could pull about 2.7 times of their live weight. But if they have continuous and long working hours （about 6 h）, it is recommended to keep load of two wheeled cart about double of donkeys live weight so as to safe guard donkeys＇ welfare.展开更多
＂Agriculture petroleum＂ theory was put forward by the Sudanese President, Mr. Bashir. To thoroughly understand his theory it is necessary to identify which countries＇ agriculture performed best in the world before ...＂Agriculture petroleum＂ theory was put forward by the Sudanese President, Mr. Bashir. To thoroughly understand his theory it is necessary to identify which countries＇ agriculture performed best in the world before and after the advent of petroleum. Reviews and international cooperation results conclude that the Chinese traditional agriculture was considered as one of the most sustainable agriculture in the world before petroleum and based on its experience of traditional agriculture updated with modem technology and equipment, China＇s modern agriculture achieves world famous accomplishment. Unlike in China, agriculture, especially conventional petroleum based agriculture causes problems all over the world. In contrast to petroleum, agriculture is a permanent industry, and if managed properly, it could bring sustainable prosperity to a country. Relying on unique natural resources, agriculture could bring Sudan permanent development and prosperity by learning from China＇s traditional agriculture experience and modern agriculture achievements. To introduce good and rapid agriculture development in Sudan, potentials and opportunities are analyzed, six suggestions are proposed： attracting foreign direct investment （FDI）, strengthening international cooperation, developing irrigated scale farming, paying high attention to planning, practicing the four combinations and changing views.展开更多
This article presents a comprehensive mathematical model for the design and analysis of Dynamic Cellular Manufacturing Systems （DCMS）. The proposed DCMS model considers several manufacturing attributes such as multi...This article presents a comprehensive mathematical model for the design and analysis of Dynamic Cellular Manufacturing Systems （DCMS）. The proposed DCMS model considers several manufacturing attributes such as multi period production planning, dynamic system reconfiguration, duplicate machines, machine capacity, the available time for workers, worker assignments, and machine procurement. The objective is to minimize total costs; consisting of holding cost, outsourcing cost, inter-cell material handling cost, maintenance and overhead cost, machine relocation cost. While a study of published articles in the area of Cellular Manufacturing Systems （CMS） shows that workforce management issues have not sufficiently been addressed in the literature, the model presented also incorporates CMS workforce management issues such as salaries, hiring and firing costs of workers in addition to the manufacturing attributes. In-depth discussions on the results for two numerical examples are presented to illustrate applications of the proposed model. The model developed aims to raise the envelope by expanding and improving several CMS models previously presented in the literature.展开更多
An in situ calibration system is a versatile exploration instrument for electrochemical sensors investigating the biochemical properties of the marine environment. The purpose of this paper is to describe the design o...An in situ calibration system is a versatile exploration instrument for electrochemical sensors investigating the biochemical properties of the marine environment. The purpose of this paper is to describe the design of an auto-calibrating system for electrochemical (pH) sensors, which permits two-point in situ calibration, suitable for long-term measurement in deep sea aqueous environments. Holding multiple sensors, the instrument is designed to perform long-term measurements and in situ calibrations at abyssal depth (up to 4000 m). The instrument is composed of a compact fluid control system which is pressure-equilibrated and designed for deep-sea operation. In situ calibration capability plays a key role in the quality and reproducibility of the data. This paper focuses on methods for extending the lifetime of the instrument, considering the fluidics design, mechanical design, and low-power consumption of the electronics controller. The instrument can last 46 d under normal operating conditions, fulfilling the need for long-term operation. Data concerning pH measured during the KNOX18RR cruise (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, July-August, 2008) illustrate the desirable properties of the instrument. Combined with different electrodes (pH, H2, H2S, etc.), it should be of great utility for the study of deep ocean environments, including water column and diffuse-flow hydrothermal fluids.展开更多
文摘Chinese agriculture is confronted with more challenges globally after en- tering WTO and it is necessary to improve agricultural cooperatives which play an important role in marketing. In the research, the significance, progress, problems of professional tobacco cooperative and the evolvement direction were explored based on existing issues of its role in monopsony markets of agricultural product and the development.
文摘The article deals with the built experience by the CESP （Sao Paulo＇s Electricity Company） in Urubupunga Complex, during 1950s and 1960s, with concomitant construction of urban centers--an provisional in Jupih and another permanent in llha Solteira--with accommodation for singles, working villages and residences for technicians and engineers. The city of Ilha Solteira implanted permanently was an intermediate form of organization between the camp of Jupia and the structure of a city, with a slightly more open community in which the citizens were still quite protected by the company. This study aims to describe the planning and the process of opening the core of Ilha Solteira, through non participant observation field work and research literature on the topic of its conversion into town and the attempt to create a pole of development for the region through their characteristic urban design plan： linear city and radio concentric city. However, the transformation of Ilha Solteira on a city in the early 1980s happened in the crisis of developmentalism and authoritarianism, in a time when the CESP no longer wished to transform Ilha Solteira in pole of regional development, but in a city able to stand alone, because their maintenance costs become prohibitive.
文摘A discrete-event system simulation and animation program was developed to enhance the efficiency of a truck-excavator operation and reduce the environmental impact of haulage in an open-cut coal mine with multiple-pit operations. In any mine, a key objective is to have sufficient equipment for production and not to have excess to where it becomes counterproductive. Due to the advent of responsible mining,environmental regulations, and eco-friendly practices, these factors must also be considered in the analysis. Simulation studies can be financially advantageous for both the optimization of existing mine operations and new development phases in a mine. This study is a new approach to use discrete-event system simulation for mine systems, in order to investigate and possibly reduce environmental impact considering mining haulage performance and production target. A hypothetical layout of a surface coal mine with two pit operations was used for the simulation and animation model. The simulation model includes the animation of the operation. Animation is helpful to enhance the benefit of a mine simulation model. GPSS/Hòand Proof Professionalòwere the software used for the investigation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50921002)
文摘Heavy-medium cyclones are widely used to upgrade run-of-mine coal.But the understanding of flow in a cyclone containing a dense medium is still incomplete.By introducing turbulent diffusion into calculations of centrifugal settling a theoretical distribution function giving the density field can be deduced.Qualitative analysis of the density field in every part of a cylindrical cyclone suggests an optimum design that has exhibited good separation effectiveness and anti-wear performance when in commercial operation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 20176037)
文摘From the measurement of liquid flow field on a large plate by a hot-film anemometer, three different regions on the large plate were presented, including a liquid circulation area near the inlet down-comer, a region with very slow moving or stagnant liquid on the side of the tray and an active flow region at the center of the plate. According to the contribution of the three regions, the tray efficiency for large plates was proposed. The prediction plate efficiency by the present model are compared with the experimental data in the literature and those calculated by other models. It is shown that the present model is more accurate for prediction of efficiency of large plates, and the calculation is simpler.
文摘By using 3s technology, the dynamic crop information system can be developed to meet the needs of sharing the agriculture information in Shaanxi Province. The dynamic crop information system can realize the query of crop information attribute and space, and the automatic acquirement, dynamic distribution and classification analysis of crop information. In this way, the whole process of real-time management of agricultural product with information and visualization can be carried out, which is to improve the level of agriculture information management automation in Shaanxi Province.
文摘Analyzing the education resource construction and management from knowledge management perspective is the hot spot and focus of current education research. We make the knowledge management concept of knowledge acquisition, knowledge application and knowledge creation as the core throughuot the whole process of homework management activities to realize the optimization of homework management process. It mainly illustrates the sharing design and application of homework digitization resources. The sharing and application of homework digitization resources will promote the accumulation of teaching knowledge, which has a guiding research significance for promoting the use of educational resources, the application of education knowledge and the virtuous cycle of transformation and accumulation.
文摘the enactment of Planning for Modem Vocational Education System （2014-2020） [[2014] No. 6 of MOE] declares the development of vocational education in China has entered a new historical stage. The development of vocational education, after being elevated to the level of national strategy, will inevitably imply that the existing resources for vocational education must be effectively integrated. To improve the quality of vocational educational institutions, enhance social service levels of vocational institutions and provide smooth career paths for professional talents, are the main goal of vocational education in the future. Since innovative education system for vocational institutions is the inevitabl choice to achieve the above development goal, to innovate the educational system by way of cooperative building of vocational education platforms is the inevitable requirement upon the development of vocational education.
文摘In Africa, donkeys have significant contribution in traction operation, but there is little research related to workload and their welfare. The objective of this work was to examine the effect of various loads on donkeys＇ physiological and behavioural responses to evaluate welfare. Donkeys weighing of 132-172 kg （159 ± 11 kg） and totally 20 were used for the experiment. The experimental design included two wheeled cart × seven load class （an increment of 100 kg） with five repetitions each, and the travelled distance was 2 km. Travelled time, behavioural occurrences and physiological responses were recorded. Statistical analysis was conducted using SAS （version 9.4） software programme. When loads were 500-700 kg, heavy and rapid panting and falling down occurred frequently. When loads increased successively and reached 500, 600 and 700 kg, speed started declining from 3.68 km/hto 3.5, 2.94 and 2.54 krn/h, respectively, indicating that speed and applied loads are inversely correlated （P 〈 0.001）. Heart rate was 129 ± 11 bpm at 700 kg, and in respect to resting state, donkeys＇ heart rate elevated by a factor of up to 3. As the load exceeded 400 kg, the speed declined significantly, and behavioural occurrences like heavy panting and falling down confirmed this. This leads to the conclusion that donkeys could pull about 2.7 times of their live weight. But if they have continuous and long working hours （about 6 h）, it is recommended to keep load of two wheeled cart about double of donkeys live weight so as to safe guard donkeys＇ welfare.
文摘＂Agriculture petroleum＂ theory was put forward by the Sudanese President, Mr. Bashir. To thoroughly understand his theory it is necessary to identify which countries＇ agriculture performed best in the world before and after the advent of petroleum. Reviews and international cooperation results conclude that the Chinese traditional agriculture was considered as one of the most sustainable agriculture in the world before petroleum and based on its experience of traditional agriculture updated with modem technology and equipment, China＇s modern agriculture achieves world famous accomplishment. Unlike in China, agriculture, especially conventional petroleum based agriculture causes problems all over the world. In contrast to petroleum, agriculture is a permanent industry, and if managed properly, it could bring sustainable prosperity to a country. Relying on unique natural resources, agriculture could bring Sudan permanent development and prosperity by learning from China＇s traditional agriculture experience and modern agriculture achievements. To introduce good and rapid agriculture development in Sudan, potentials and opportunities are analyzed, six suggestions are proposed： attracting foreign direct investment （FDI）, strengthening international cooperation, developing irrigated scale farming, paying high attention to planning, practicing the four combinations and changing views.
文摘This article presents a comprehensive mathematical model for the design and analysis of Dynamic Cellular Manufacturing Systems （DCMS）. The proposed DCMS model considers several manufacturing attributes such as multi period production planning, dynamic system reconfiguration, duplicate machines, machine capacity, the available time for workers, worker assignments, and machine procurement. The objective is to minimize total costs; consisting of holding cost, outsourcing cost, inter-cell material handling cost, maintenance and overhead cost, machine relocation cost. While a study of published articles in the area of Cellular Manufacturing Systems （CMS） shows that workforce management issues have not sufficiently been addressed in the literature, the model presented also incorporates CMS workforce management issues such as salaries, hiring and firing costs of workers in addition to the manufacturing attributes. In-depth discussions on the results for two numerical examples are presented to illustrate applications of the proposed model. The model developed aims to raise the envelope by expanding and improving several CMS models previously presented in the literature.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40637037)the National High-Tech Research and Development Program (863) of China (No. 2007AA091901)+1 种基金the National Science Foundation of U.S. (No. 0525907)the China Scholarship Council (No. 2009632124)
文摘An in situ calibration system is a versatile exploration instrument for electrochemical sensors investigating the biochemical properties of the marine environment. The purpose of this paper is to describe the design of an auto-calibrating system for electrochemical (pH) sensors, which permits two-point in situ calibration, suitable for long-term measurement in deep sea aqueous environments. Holding multiple sensors, the instrument is designed to perform long-term measurements and in situ calibrations at abyssal depth (up to 4000 m). The instrument is composed of a compact fluid control system which is pressure-equilibrated and designed for deep-sea operation. In situ calibration capability plays a key role in the quality and reproducibility of the data. This paper focuses on methods for extending the lifetime of the instrument, considering the fluidics design, mechanical design, and low-power consumption of the electronics controller. The instrument can last 46 d under normal operating conditions, fulfilling the need for long-term operation. Data concerning pH measured during the KNOX18RR cruise (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, July-August, 2008) illustrate the desirable properties of the instrument. Combined with different electrodes (pH, H2, H2S, etc.), it should be of great utility for the study of deep ocean environments, including water column and diffuse-flow hydrothermal fluids.
