Past studies reveal the prevalence of anxiety,coupled with low motivation and disengagement among students in English-medium instruction(EMI)programs.Given the detrimental impact these negative emotions can have on le...Past studies reveal the prevalence of anxiety,coupled with low motivation and disengagement among students in English-medium instruction(EMI)programs.Given the detrimental impact these negative emotions can have on learning outcomes,it is imperative that teachers establish positive emotional rapport with their students.This study explores how experienced and highly rated EMI lecturers at a Chinese university’s overseas campus use communication strategies to build rapport with their students during interactive academic activities.It identifies the strategies used by these lecturers and examines how the strategies facilitate the teaching-learning process.The data,consisting of 10 hours of tutorials and 10 hours of supervisor-student supervision meetings,is analyzed using an adapted Conversation Analysis(CA)approach.The analysis reveals three types of communication strategies(CSs)frequently used by lecturers:back-channeling,codeswitching,and co-creation of messages.By employing these strategies,the lecturers established a strong rapport with the students,which created an encouraging and supportive learning environment.Consequently,this positive atmosphere facilitated students’learning of content knowledge through English.The findings of this study have implications for the training of lecturers who encounter difficulties in establishing rapport with multilingual students in the EMI setting.展开更多
Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations were performed to reveal effects of interactions among Cl, S, P and other minerals on Cu migration. Our results showed that HCl（g）, SO2（g） and （P2O5）2（g） were released fr...Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations were performed to reveal effects of interactions among Cl, S, P and other minerals on Cu migration. Our results showed that HCl（g）, SO2（g） and （P2O5）2（g） were released from the sewage sludge co-incineration. Cl was found to weaken adsorption of Cu by Al2O3, CaO and Fe2O3, while S de- layed reactions of Fe2O3 and Al2O3 with Cu, with P having no effect on reactions between the minerals and Cu. Among the coupled systems ofCl, S and P, the co-existences of Cl and S, and Cl, S and P were determined to inhibit Cu volatilization, and the co-existence of Cl and P had an enhancing effect Cu migration was affected only by S in the S and P system. With the SiO2, CaO and Al2O3 system, both Cl alone and Cl and P led to failed reactions be- tween the minerals and Cu. In the systems of S, S and Cl, S and P, and S, Cl and P, the migration behavior of Cu was mainly affected by S at low temperatures and by Cl at high temperatures, whereas P had no effect on Cu mi- gration during the entire nrocess.展开更多
In the era of globalization,English as an international language(EIL) is also the medium of intercultural communication for the international community.Based on the theory of cultural linguistics(CL),which regards lan...In the era of globalization,English as an international language(EIL) is also the medium of intercultural communication for the international community.Based on the theory of cultural linguistics(CL),which regards language as culture-oriented rather than structure-oriented,Sharifian(2009,p.4) has proposed that varieties of English which constitute EIL result from the interaction between the English language and different local cultures.CL suggests that China English(CE) should be understood in this light:It is not a substandard interlanguage,but a variety of English with its own cultural value and right.This paper intends to systemically analyze the nature of CE and its value in intercultural communication so as to better understand current intercultural education.Over a long time,much emphasis has been laid on the importance of adapting to the target language culture to the neglect of home language culture in our College English classrooms,thus resulting in what is known as Chinese cultural aphasia.In the light of CL,intercultural communication competence(ICC) encompasses not only knowing English and adapting to its culture,but also using CE to introduce the native culture in which CE plays an irreplaceable role.Therefore,CE is undoubtedly a key remedy for Chinese cultural aphasia.More research on CL should be conducted as it provides felicitous disciplinary guidance for our college intercultural education.展开更多
In our society, it is a major issue to enhance cooperative behaviors. Without this, our society fall into social dilemma situations, and gets worse and worse. Such a situation in an organization leads to violation of ...In our society, it is a major issue to enhance cooperative behaviors. Without this, our society fall into social dilemma situations, and gets worse and worse. Such a situation in an organization leads to violation of social or organizational rules, and at the worst case it suffers from serious accidents or scandals. Therefore, it is important for organizational managers to make efforts and take measures to enhance cooperative behaviors. Although there seem to be many ways to constantly elicit cooperative behaviors, the punishment is one of the most effective measures for enhancing cooperation. This study focused on the effects of penalty and probability of the revelation of defection on the cooperation, and getting insight into how punishment strategy should be used to get rid of social dilemmas and enhance cooperation. This study conducted a simulation experiment to find the proper penal regulations condition that can suppress violations （defective behavior） in a 2-person prisoner＇s dilemma situation. The effects of probability of the revelation of defection and penalty to revelation on the cooperative behavior were identified with the interactive effect of both experimental factors. The defection （uncooperative behavior） decreased when the penalty to the defection was heavy and the probability of the revelation of defection was low than that when the penalty to the defection was light and the probability of the revelation of the defection was high.展开更多
A disorder situation of traffic operation always appears in on-ramp junction area of urban freeway,because the operation action for vehicles presents the weaving condition,especially for different vehicle types.Based ...A disorder situation of traffic operation always appears in on-ramp junction area of urban freeway,because the operation action for vehicles presents the weaving condition,especially for different vehicle types.Based on the analysis on the cellular automata theory,and combining with on-site survey data,several key parameters were defined,namely,cellular length,cellular speed,cellular acceleration,updating time interval.In addition,cellular acceleration rule,cellular deceleration rule,random rule,lane-changing rule and other micro-simulation rules were set,and cellular automaton micro-simulation model was set up.Further-more,a micro-simulation module was developed for traffic operation actions of on-ramp junction with Matlab toolbox.Finally,a simulation experiment for traffic operation reliability was done with this micro-simulation module,and the situation of change for on-ramp junction area was obtained under the conditions of different mainline design speed,acceleration lane length,vehicle generation probability and lane-changing probability.The results show that operation reliability for on-ramp junction is determined by the parameters of the probability of vehicle generation and the length of acceleration lane,especially for on-ramp.展开更多
The trajectory model of dispersed phase drops and distribution model of drop diameters were derived.By numerical simulation,the analytical results indicate that a large number of dispersed phase drops accumulate on th...The trajectory model of dispersed phase drops and distribution model of drop diameters were derived.By numerical simulation,the analytical results indicate that a large number of dispersed phase drops accumulate on the upper plate in different directions and form a hydrodynamic area with the stream-wise location in the range of 0—0.4m,where the flow of trickling film obtains kinetic drive from flowing field.The flowing field of trickling film exhibits an unstable state if the stream-wise location is less than 0.02m,and a stable state otherwise.Moreover,different velocity vectors of drops in the x-y plane result in different interactions between the trickling film and drops.For the non-uniform distribution of drop diameters,there is a stronger interaction between the trickling film and drop if the stream-wise location is less than 0.02m,because the amplitudes of velocity vectors are higher than those in the range of 0.02—1.0m.The result reveals a complexity and diversity of stratified two-phase flowing field.On the other hand,both the basic flowing field and distributions of drop diameters have a great influence on the distributions of comparable kinetic energy of drops.The complicated motions of larger drops are helpful to coalescence because they will consume much more kinetic energy on the trickling film than those of smaller drops.The change of comparable kinetic energy of smaller drops is continuous and steady.The smaller drops are easily entrained by the liquid-liquid flowing field.展开更多
Comparing with the predictions of the transitional dynamical symmetry E（5） proposed by Iachello [Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 （2000） 3580], the critical behaviors from U（5）-0（6） are studied in the space of two control ...Comparing with the predictions of the transitional dynamical symmetry E（5） proposed by Iachello [Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 （2000） 3580], the critical behaviors from U（5）-0（6） are studied in the space of two control parameters in the interacting boson model. A simple shape phase diagram has been presented. It is found that E（5） predictions cannot be exactly reproduced by our calculations and that the best agreement is close to the calculations with boson number N = 9. By comparing with experimental data on E（5）-like nuclei, we find that E（5） predictions and IBM calculations can reproduce the energy ratios and E2 transition ones.展开更多
The influence on fine particle aggregation and flotation behavior induced by high intensity conditioning(HIC) from saturated of the slurry with CO2 saturation was investigated.Bubble size measurements were conducted.T...The influence on fine particle aggregation and flotation behavior induced by high intensity conditioning(HIC) from saturated of the slurry with CO2 saturation was investigated.Bubble size measurements were conducted.The effect of dissolved gas,xanthate addition and agitation speed on fine sphalerite particle aggregation-and flotation-behavior were studied.The results show that during HIC in air or CO2 saturated water xanthate acts as a frother.The dissolved gas content in the pulp and HIC play a synergistic role in promoting fine particle aggregation and hence flotation;a significantly enhanced aggregation of fine sphalerite particles in a CO2 saturated slurry by HIC is observed.The aggregate size increased when the agitation speed was increased from 700 r/min to 1500 r/min.Increasing the HIC speed to 1500 r/min caused a positive impact on flotation kinetics.Further increasing the speed to 2000 r/min resulted in an adverse effect on flotation kinetics.展开更多
The rheology of the cationic guar （CG） solution was measured and the effects of potassium oleate （KOA） upon the rheological properties of CG solution were studied. The steady shear viscosity measurement has shown ...The rheology of the cationic guar （CG） solution was measured and the effects of potassium oleate （KOA） upon the rheological properties of CG solution were studied. The steady shear viscosity measurement has shown that the viscosity of CG solution increased dramatically in the presence of KOA. The viscosity enhancement of KOA upon CG solution can be approximate three orders in magnitude. The gel-like formation of CG solution is observed at the high concentration of KOA. The excess addition of KOA results in the phase separation of CG solution. The oscillatory rheological measurement has shown that the crossover modulus Gc （corresponding to either storage modulus G＇ or loss modulus G＇＇ at the frequency wc where G＇ equals G＇＇） for CG solution, decreases with the increasing the concentration of KOA in solution. On the other hand, the apparent relaxation time 7-app （=1/wc） increases with increasing the concentration of KOA in solution. Our experimental results suggest that for surfaetant such as KOA which has a stronger tendency to form micelles in solution, the cooperative hydrophobic interaction of polymer bound to surfactants is less necessary to the formation of aggregates in solution, especially at the high concentration of surfactants. In fact, with the increase of the concentration of KOA, the number of the aggregates which associate polymer together decreases whereas the intensity of these aggregates increases. The effect of temperature upon the aggregation is also significant. With the increase of temperature, the number of the aggregates increases whereas the intensity of these aggregates decreases, probably because the ionization of KOA increases at high temperature.展开更多
This study investigates how Chinese logogriphs are comprehended by learners of Chinese as a foreign language(CFL)with different Chinese proficiencies and cultural backgrounds.Eighty-eight CFL learners from four cultur...This study investigates how Chinese logogriphs are comprehended by learners of Chinese as a foreign language(CFL)with different Chinese proficiencies and cultural backgrounds.Eighty-eight CFL learners from four cultures(South Koreans,Southeast Asians,Western Caucasians and Arabs)were divided into two Chinese proficiency groups according to their HSK scores,and 15 L1 Chinese speakers also took part in the experiment as a control group.The participants were asked to write down how they interpreted Chinese logogriphs in questionnaires.An ANOVA analysis was conducted to examine the effects of Chinese proficiency and cultural background on logogriph comprehension.The results indicate that the accuracy of logogriph comprehension and the frequency of adopting logogriph-solving strategies positively correlated with the learners’Chinese proficiency,and that those with higher proficiency used more linguistic and cultural knowledge of the target language.As for cultural influence,Western Caucasians tended to think more visually than the other three cultural groups,and South Koreans and Southeast Asians were better at activating Chinese semantic knowledge.The closer the CFL learners’culture is to Chinese culture,the more similar strategies they adopted to those of L1 Chinese participants.Moreover,the participants’Chinese proficiency and cultural background show an interactive effect on their logogriph comprehension,with the former factor having a greater influence than the latter in this process.展开更多
This paper presents a systematic review of research on Chinese as a Second Language(CSL)education for ethnic minority students in Hong Kong SAR.Using three databases and screening with specific inclusion and exclusion...This paper presents a systematic review of research on Chinese as a Second Language(CSL)education for ethnic minority students in Hong Kong SAR.Using three databases and screening with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria,the study selected 38 empirical studies published in English-language peer-reviewed journals.We find that there has been a surge of publications in Hong Kong in the past decade(2010–2020),and they are mostly authored by scholars from three universities in Hong Kong.Most of the research took a phenomenological approach,using interviews as the main data collection method and focusing on underprivileged South Asian students in secondary schools.The thematic analysis showed that Hong Kong’s CSL adopted a poststructuralist paradigm for understanding and revealing social inequalities surrounding Chinese language education for ethnic minority students.The study concludes that Hong Kong must decolonise its education system to genuinely support ethnic minority students to achieve educational equality and social justice.展开更多
A strategic supply chain map will offer a basis for redesign or modification of the supply chain. It helps one to visualize the supply chain and identify areas for further analysis, or to reveal inefficiencies which a...A strategic supply chain map will offer a basis for redesign or modification of the supply chain. It helps one to visualize the supply chain and identify areas for further analysis, or to reveal inefficiencies which are not as readily visible when one examines only a small segment of the supply chain. The main objective of this paper is to highlight the importance of mapping in the supply chain context while calling attention to the lack of universal symbols or conventions in the mapping procedure. Accordingly, a case study methodology is used in discussion of the Portuguese automotive supply chain. Based on this case study, it will be possible to conclude that there is an automotive industrial cluster located in two specific regions with an organisational agglomeration. Moreover, it has been possible to identify the main echoes which constitute the research supply chain as well as the dependent relationships which exist between different sectors in the Portuguese economy.展开更多
文摘Past studies reveal the prevalence of anxiety,coupled with low motivation and disengagement among students in English-medium instruction(EMI)programs.Given the detrimental impact these negative emotions can have on learning outcomes,it is imperative that teachers establish positive emotional rapport with their students.This study explores how experienced and highly rated EMI lecturers at a Chinese university’s overseas campus use communication strategies to build rapport with their students during interactive academic activities.It identifies the strategies used by these lecturers and examines how the strategies facilitate the teaching-learning process.The data,consisting of 10 hours of tutorials and 10 hours of supervisor-student supervision meetings,is analyzed using an adapted Conversation Analysis(CA)approach.The analysis reveals three types of communication strategies(CSs)frequently used by lecturers:back-channeling,codeswitching,and co-creation of messages.By employing these strategies,the lecturers established a strong rapport with the students,which created an encouraging and supportive learning environment.Consequently,this positive atmosphere facilitated students’learning of content knowledge through English.The findings of this study have implications for the training of lecturers who encounter difficulties in establishing rapport with multilingual students in the EMI setting.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,China(2017A0505010362015B020235013+4 种基金2015A0202150332017B090907012)the Scientific and Technological Planning Project of Guangzhou,China(2016201604030058201704030109)Guangdong Special Support Program for Training High Level Talents(2014TQ01Z248)
文摘Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations were performed to reveal effects of interactions among Cl, S, P and other minerals on Cu migration. Our results showed that HCl（g）, SO2（g） and （P2O5）2（g） were released from the sewage sludge co-incineration. Cl was found to weaken adsorption of Cu by Al2O3, CaO and Fe2O3, while S de- layed reactions of Fe2O3 and Al2O3 with Cu, with P having no effect on reactions between the minerals and Cu. Among the coupled systems ofCl, S and P, the co-existences of Cl and S, and Cl, S and P were determined to inhibit Cu volatilization, and the co-existence of Cl and P had an enhancing effect Cu migration was affected only by S in the S and P system. With the SiO2, CaO and Al2O3 system, both Cl alone and Cl and P led to failed reactions be- tween the minerals and Cu. In the systems of S, S and Cl, S and P, and S, Cl and P, the migration behavior of Cu was mainly affected by S at low temperatures and by Cl at high temperatures, whereas P had no effect on Cu mi- gration during the entire nrocess.
文摘In the era of globalization,English as an international language(EIL) is also the medium of intercultural communication for the international community.Based on the theory of cultural linguistics(CL),which regards language as culture-oriented rather than structure-oriented,Sharifian(2009,p.4) has proposed that varieties of English which constitute EIL result from the interaction between the English language and different local cultures.CL suggests that China English(CE) should be understood in this light:It is not a substandard interlanguage,but a variety of English with its own cultural value and right.This paper intends to systemically analyze the nature of CE and its value in intercultural communication so as to better understand current intercultural education.Over a long time,much emphasis has been laid on the importance of adapting to the target language culture to the neglect of home language culture in our College English classrooms,thus resulting in what is known as Chinese cultural aphasia.In the light of CL,intercultural communication competence(ICC) encompasses not only knowing English and adapting to its culture,but also using CE to introduce the native culture in which CE plays an irreplaceable role.Therefore,CE is undoubtedly a key remedy for Chinese cultural aphasia.More research on CL should be conducted as it provides felicitous disciplinary guidance for our college intercultural education.
文摘In our society, it is a major issue to enhance cooperative behaviors. Without this, our society fall into social dilemma situations, and gets worse and worse. Such a situation in an organization leads to violation of social or organizational rules, and at the worst case it suffers from serious accidents or scandals. Therefore, it is important for organizational managers to make efforts and take measures to enhance cooperative behaviors. Although there seem to be many ways to constantly elicit cooperative behaviors, the punishment is one of the most effective measures for enhancing cooperation. This study focused on the effects of penalty and probability of the revelation of defection on the cooperation, and getting insight into how punishment strategy should be used to get rid of social dilemmas and enhance cooperation. This study conducted a simulation experiment to find the proper penal regulations condition that can suppress violations （defective behavior） in a 2-person prisoner＇s dilemma situation. The effects of probability of the revelation of defection and penalty to revelation on the cooperative behavior were identified with the interactive effect of both experimental factors. The defection （uncooperative behavior） decreased when the penalty to the defection was heavy and the probability of the revelation of defection was low than that when the penalty to the defection was light and the probability of the revelation of the defection was high.
基金Project(HIT.NSRIF.2009102) supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in ChinaProject(11541295) supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Heilongjiang Provincial Education Department of ChinaProject(20100471029) supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
文摘A disorder situation of traffic operation always appears in on-ramp junction area of urban freeway,because the operation action for vehicles presents the weaving condition,especially for different vehicle types.Based on the analysis on the cellular automata theory,and combining with on-site survey data,several key parameters were defined,namely,cellular length,cellular speed,cellular acceleration,updating time interval.In addition,cellular acceleration rule,cellular deceleration rule,random rule,lane-changing rule and other micro-simulation rules were set,and cellular automaton micro-simulation model was set up.Further-more,a micro-simulation module was developed for traffic operation actions of on-ramp junction with Matlab toolbox.Finally,a simulation experiment for traffic operation reliability was done with this micro-simulation module,and the situation of change for on-ramp junction area was obtained under the conditions of different mainline design speed,acceleration lane length,vehicle generation probability and lane-changing probability.The results show that operation reliability for on-ramp junction is determined by the parameters of the probability of vehicle generation and the length of acceleration lane,especially for on-ramp.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (No.09JCYBJC06400,No.10 JCZDJC23300)
文摘The trajectory model of dispersed phase drops and distribution model of drop diameters were derived.By numerical simulation,the analytical results indicate that a large number of dispersed phase drops accumulate on the upper plate in different directions and form a hydrodynamic area with the stream-wise location in the range of 0—0.4m,where the flow of trickling film obtains kinetic drive from flowing field.The flowing field of trickling film exhibits an unstable state if the stream-wise location is less than 0.02m,and a stable state otherwise.Moreover,different velocity vectors of drops in the x-y plane result in different interactions between the trickling film and drops.For the non-uniform distribution of drop diameters,there is a stronger interaction between the trickling film and drop if the stream-wise location is less than 0.02m,because the amplitudes of velocity vectors are higher than those in the range of 0.02—1.0m.The result reveals a complexity and diversity of stratified two-phase flowing field.On the other hand,both the basic flowing field and distributions of drop diameters have a great influence on the distributions of comparable kinetic energy of drops.The complicated motions of larger drops are helpful to coalescence because they will consume much more kinetic energy on the trickling film than those of smaller drops.The change of comparable kinetic energy of smaller drops is continuous and steady.The smaller drops are easily entrained by the liquid-liquid flowing field.
基金The project supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 10265001 and 10547003, the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolian under Grant No. 200607010111, and the Key Scientific Research Fund of Educational Bureau of Inner Mongolian under Grant No. NJ05007 .Acknowledgments The authors are greatly indebted to Prof. G.L. Long for his continuing interest in this work and his many suggestions.
文摘Comparing with the predictions of the transitional dynamical symmetry E（5） proposed by Iachello [Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 （2000） 3580], the critical behaviors from U（5）-0（6） are studied in the space of two control parameters in the interacting boson model. A simple shape phase diagram has been presented. It is found that E（5） predictions cannot be exactly reproduced by our calculations and that the best agreement is close to the calculations with boson number N = 9. By comparing with experimental data on E（5）-like nuclei, we find that E（5） predictions and IBM calculations can reproduce the energy ratios and E2 transition ones.
基金Project 50674103 supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The influence on fine particle aggregation and flotation behavior induced by high intensity conditioning(HIC) from saturated of the slurry with CO2 saturation was investigated.Bubble size measurements were conducted.The effect of dissolved gas,xanthate addition and agitation speed on fine sphalerite particle aggregation-and flotation-behavior were studied.The results show that during HIC in air or CO2 saturated water xanthate acts as a frother.The dissolved gas content in the pulp and HIC play a synergistic role in promoting fine particle aggregation and hence flotation;a significantly enhanced aggregation of fine sphalerite particles in a CO2 saturated slurry by HIC is observed.The aggregate size increased when the agitation speed was increased from 700 r/min to 1500 r/min.Increasing the HIC speed to 1500 r/min caused a positive impact on flotation kinetics.Further increasing the speed to 2000 r/min resulted in an adverse effect on flotation kinetics.
文摘The rheology of the cationic guar （CG） solution was measured and the effects of potassium oleate （KOA） upon the rheological properties of CG solution were studied. The steady shear viscosity measurement has shown that the viscosity of CG solution increased dramatically in the presence of KOA. The viscosity enhancement of KOA upon CG solution can be approximate three orders in magnitude. The gel-like formation of CG solution is observed at the high concentration of KOA. The excess addition of KOA results in the phase separation of CG solution. The oscillatory rheological measurement has shown that the crossover modulus Gc （corresponding to either storage modulus G＇ or loss modulus G＇＇ at the frequency wc where G＇ equals G＇＇） for CG solution, decreases with the increasing the concentration of KOA in solution. On the other hand, the apparent relaxation time 7-app （=1/wc） increases with increasing the concentration of KOA in solution. Our experimental results suggest that for surfaetant such as KOA which has a stronger tendency to form micelles in solution, the cooperative hydrophobic interaction of polymer bound to surfactants is less necessary to the formation of aggregates in solution, especially at the high concentration of surfactants. In fact, with the increase of the concentration of KOA, the number of the aggregates which associate polymer together decreases whereas the intensity of these aggregates increases. The effect of temperature upon the aggregation is also significant. With the increase of temperature, the number of the aggregates increases whereas the intensity of these aggregates decreases, probably because the ionization of KOA increases at high temperature.
文摘This study investigates how Chinese logogriphs are comprehended by learners of Chinese as a foreign language(CFL)with different Chinese proficiencies and cultural backgrounds.Eighty-eight CFL learners from four cultures(South Koreans,Southeast Asians,Western Caucasians and Arabs)were divided into two Chinese proficiency groups according to their HSK scores,and 15 L1 Chinese speakers also took part in the experiment as a control group.The participants were asked to write down how they interpreted Chinese logogriphs in questionnaires.An ANOVA analysis was conducted to examine the effects of Chinese proficiency and cultural background on logogriph comprehension.The results indicate that the accuracy of logogriph comprehension and the frequency of adopting logogriph-solving strategies positively correlated with the learners’Chinese proficiency,and that those with higher proficiency used more linguistic and cultural knowledge of the target language.As for cultural influence,Western Caucasians tended to think more visually than the other three cultural groups,and South Koreans and Southeast Asians were better at activating Chinese semantic knowledge.The closer the CFL learners’culture is to Chinese culture,the more similar strategies they adopted to those of L1 Chinese participants.Moreover,the participants’Chinese proficiency and cultural background show an interactive effect on their logogriph comprehension,with the former factor having a greater influence than the latter in this process.
文摘This paper presents a systematic review of research on Chinese as a Second Language(CSL)education for ethnic minority students in Hong Kong SAR.Using three databases and screening with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria,the study selected 38 empirical studies published in English-language peer-reviewed journals.We find that there has been a surge of publications in Hong Kong in the past decade(2010–2020),and they are mostly authored by scholars from three universities in Hong Kong.Most of the research took a phenomenological approach,using interviews as the main data collection method and focusing on underprivileged South Asian students in secondary schools.The thematic analysis showed that Hong Kong’s CSL adopted a poststructuralist paradigm for understanding and revealing social inequalities surrounding Chinese language education for ethnic minority students.The study concludes that Hong Kong must decolonise its education system to genuinely support ethnic minority students to achieve educational equality and social justice.
文摘A strategic supply chain map will offer a basis for redesign or modification of the supply chain. It helps one to visualize the supply chain and identify areas for further analysis, or to reveal inefficiencies which are not as readily visible when one examines only a small segment of the supply chain. The main objective of this paper is to highlight the importance of mapping in the supply chain context while calling attention to the lack of universal symbols or conventions in the mapping procedure. Accordingly, a case study methodology is used in discussion of the Portuguese automotive supply chain. Based on this case study, it will be possible to conclude that there is an automotive industrial cluster located in two specific regions with an organisational agglomeration. Moreover, it has been possible to identify the main echoes which constitute the research supply chain as well as the dependent relationships which exist between different sectors in the Portuguese economy.
